The location and timing of cod spawning around the british isles

ICES Journal of Marine Science

Volumn 51, Issue 1, 1994, Pages 71-89

  Brander, K M ^a  

^a CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bristol Channel; Cod; English Channel; Irish Sea; Match Mismatch; Model Simulation; North Sea; Plankton Production; Spawning Distribution; Timing

Indexed keywords

COD; GADOID FISHERIES; PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SPAWNING;

ENGLISH CHANNEL; IRISH SEA; NORTH SEA; UK, BRISTOL CHANNEL; UK, ENGLAND, BRISTOL CHANNEL;

GADUS MORHUA;

EID: 0028164025     PISSN: 10543139     EISSN: 10959289     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jmsc.1994.1007     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Bagge, O. 1981. Cod, pp. 312-319. In The Baltic Sea. Ed by A. Voipio. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 418 pp.
2. Bartsch, J., Brander, K., Heath, M., Munk, P., Richardson, K., and Svendsen, E. 1989. Modelling the advection of herring larvae in the North Sea. Nature, 340 (6235): 636.
3. Bergstad, O. A., Jorgensen, T., and Dragesund, O. 1987. Life history and ecology of the gadoid resources of the Barents Sea. Fisheries Research, 5: 119-161.
4. Brander, K. M. 1975. Population dynamics and biology of cod (Gadus morhua morhua L.) in the Irish Sea. Ph.D. thesis. University of East Anglia. 104 pp
5. Brander, K. M. 1992. A re-examination of the relationship between cod recruitment and Calanus fmmarchicus in the North Sea. ICES Marine Science Symposia. 195: 393-101.
6. Brander, K. M., and Hurley, P. C. F. 1992. Distribution of early stage Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). haddock [Melano-grammus aeglefinus). and wilch flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus) eggs on the Scotian Shelf: a reappraisal of evidence on the coupling of cod spawning and plankton production. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. 49: 238-251.
7. Brander, K. M., and Symonds, D. J. 1984. Gadoid recruitment surveys. Irish Sea1979-1981. Annales biologiques Copenhagen, 38: 256-259.
8. Brander, K. M., and Thompson, A. B. 1989. Diel differences in avoidance of three vertical profile sampling gears by herring larvae. Journal or Plankton Research, 11: 775-784.
9. Buchanan-Wollaston, H. J. 1926. Plaice egg production in 1920-21, treated as a statistical problem, with comparisons between the data from 1911, 1914 and 1921. Fishery Investigations, London Series 2, 9 (2).
10. Colebrook, J. M. 1982. Continuous plankton records: seasonal variations in the distribution and abundance of plankton in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the North Sea. Journal of Plankton Research, 4: 435-462.
11. Coombs, S. H. 1980. Continuous plankton records: a plankton atlas of the North Atlantic and North Sea. Suppl. 5 - young fish 1948-1972. Bulletin of Marine Ecology, VIII (4): 229-281.
12. Corbin, P. G. 1947. The spawning of the mackerel, Scomber scombrus L., and pilchard, Clupea pilchardus Walbaum, in the Celtic Sea in 1937-39. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK, 27: 65-132.
13. Cushing, D. H. 1969. The regularity of the spawning season of some fishes. Journal du Conseil International pour l‘Exploration de la Mer. 33: 81-92.
14. Daan, N. 1978. Changes in cod stocks and cod fisheries in the North Sea. Rapports et Procés-Verbaux des Réunions du Conseil International pour l‘Exploration de la Mer. 172: 39-57.
15. Daan, N. 1981. Comparison of estimates of egg production of the Southern Bight cod stock from plankton surveys and market statistics. Rapports et Procés-Verbaux des Rėunions du Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer, 178: 242-243.
16. Economou, A. N. 1987. Ecology of survival in some gadoid larvae of the northern North Sea. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 19: 241-260.
17. Economou, A. N. 1991. Is dispersal of fish eggs, embryos and larvae an insurance against density dependence? Environmental Biology of Fishes, 31: 313-321.
18. Ellertsen, B., Solemdal, P., Sundby, S., and Tilseth, S. 1988. Environmental influence on recruitment and biomass yields in the Norwegian Sea ecosystem, pp. 1-35 AAA Annual Meeting, Boston 12-14 February, 1988. Seminar on Frontiers in Marine Ecosystems.
19. Elliot, A. J., and Clarke, T. 1991. Seasonal stratification in the northwest European shelf seas. Continental Shelf Research, 5: 467-492
20. Gagne, J. A., and O’Boyle, R. N. 1984. The timing of cod spawning on the Scotian Shelf. In The propagation of cod Gadus morhua L. Ed. by E. Dahl, D. S. Danielssen, E. Moksness. and P. Solemdal. Flodevigen Rapportser, 1: 501-517.
21. Graham, M., and Lumby, J. R. 1929. Studies of age-determination in fish. Part 1 A study of the growth-rate of codling (Gadus callarias L.) on the inner herring-trawling ground. Fishery Investigations, London Series II, XI (2). 50 pp.
22. Hansen, P. M. 1968. Report on cod eggs and larvae. ICNAF Special Publication, 7: 127-137.
23. Hansen, B., Kristiansen, A., and Reinert, J. 1990. Cod and haddock in Faroese waters and possible climatic influences on them. ICES CM 1990/G: 3.
24. Harding, D., and Nichols, J. H. 1987 Plankton surveys off the north-east coast of England in 1976: an introductory report and summary of the results. Fisheries Research Technical Report, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Directorate of Fisheries Research, Lowestoft, 86. 56 pp.
25. Harding, D., Nichols, J. H., and Riley, J. D. 1974. Preliminary estimates of egg production and mortality in the 1968 North Sea cod spawning. ICES CM 1974/F: 2l.
26. Harding, D. H., and Talbot, J. W. 1973. Recent studies on the eggs and larvae of the plaice (Plcuronectes platessa L.) in the Southern Bight. Rapports et Procés-Verbaux des Réunions du Conseil International pour l’Exploralion de la Mer. 164: 261-269.
27. Hays, G. C., and Lindley, J. A. 1994. Estimating chlorophyll a abundance from the “phytoplankton colour” recorded by the Continuous Plankton Recorder survey: validation with simultaneous fluorometry. Journal of Plankton Research, 16: 23-34.
28. Heesen, H. J. L., and Rijnsdorp, A. D. 1989. Investigations on egg-production and mortality of cod (Gadus morhua L.) in the southern and eastern North Sea, in 1987 and 1988. Rapports et Procės-Verbaux des Réunions du Conseil International pour 1’Exploration de la Mer, 191: 15-20.
29. Henderson, G. T. D. 1961. Continuous plankton records: contribution towards a plankton atlas of the north-eastern Atlantic and the North Sea. Part V. Young fish. Bulletin of Marine Ecology. 5: 105-111.
30. Holligan, P. M. et al. 1984. Vertical distribution and partitioning of organic carbon in mixed frontal and stratified waters of the English Channel. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 14: 111-127.
31. Horwood, J. 1982. Algal production in the west-central Northern Sea. Journal of Plankton Research, 4: 103-124
32. Horwood, J. 1993. The Bristol channel sole (Solea solea L.). A fisheries case study. Advances in Marine Biology. 29: 215-367.
33. Hurley, P C. F., and Campana, S. E. 1989. The distribution and abundance of haddock (Melanogrammus ueglefinus) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) eggs and larvae in the waters off southwestern Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 46 (Suppl. 1): 103-112.
34. Iles, T. D., and Sinclair, M. 1982. Atlantic herring: stock discreteness and abundance. Science (Washington DC), 215: 627-633.
35. Joint, I. R., and Pomroy, A. J. 1981. Primary production in a turbid estuary. Estuarine. Coastal and Shelf Science. 13: 303-316.
36. Joint, I R., and Pomroy, A. J 1993. Phytoplankton biomass and production in the southern North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 99: 169-182.
37. Jonsson, E. 1982. A survey of spawning and reproduction of the Icelandic cod. Ril Fiskideildar. 6(2): 1-145.
38. Kiorboe, T. 1991. Pelagic fisheries and spatio-temporal variabilily in zooplankton productivity, pp. 229-249. Bulletin of the Plankton Society of Japan. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Copepoda.
39. Last, J. M. 1978. The food of three species of gadoid larvae in the eastern English Channel and southern North Sea. Marine Biology. 48: 377-386.
40. Lee, A. J., and Folkard, A. R. 1969. Factors affecting turbidity in the southern North Sea. Journal du Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer, 32: 291-302
41. Milligan, S. P., and Riches, B. F. 1983 The new MAFF/Guildlinc high speed plankton sampler. ICES CM 1983/L. 7:1-5.
42. Nichols, J. H., Bennett, D. B., Symonds, D. J., and Grainger, R. 1987. Estimation of the stock size of adult Nephrops norvegieus L. from larvae surveys in the western Irish Sea in 1982. Journal of Natural History, 21: 1433-1450.
43. Nichols, J. H., Haynes, G. M., Fox, C. J., Milligan, S. P., Brander, KM., and Chapman, R. J. 1993. Spring plankton surveys or the Irish Sea in 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988 and 1989: Hydrography and the distribution of fish eggs and larvae. Fisheries Research Technical Report, Ministry of Agriculture, fisheries and Food, Directorate of Fisheries Research, Lowestoft. 95. 111 pp.
44. Pedersen, T. 1984 Variation of peak spawning of Arcto-Norwegian cod (Gadus morhua L.) during the time period 1929-1982 based on indices estimated from fishery statistics. In The propagation of Cod Gadus morhua I., Ed. by E. Dahl, D. S. Danielssen, E. Moksness, and P. Solemdal. Flødevigen Rapportser, 1: 301-316.
45. Pepin, P. 1990. Biological correlates of recruitment variability in North Sea fish stocks. Journal du Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer, 47: 89-98.
46. Pepin, P., and Myers, R. A. 1991. The significance of egg and larval size to recruitment variability of temperate marine fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 48: 1820-1828.
47. Pingree, R. D., Mardell, G. T., Reid, P. C., and John, A. W. G. 1986. The influence of tidal mixing on the timing of the spring phytoplankton development in the Southern Bight of the North Sea, the English Channel and on the Armorican Shelf, pp. 164-192. In Lecture notes on coastal and estuarine studies. Vol. 17. Tidal mixing and plankton dynamics Ed. by J. Bowman, M. Yentsch, and W. T. Peterson Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
48. Raitt, D. F. S. 1967. Cod spawning in Scottish waters. Preliminary investigations. ICES CM I967/F:29.
49. Ramster, J. W., Wyatt, T., and Houghton, R. G. 1973. Towards a measure of the rate of drift of planktonic organisms in the vicinity of the Straits of Dover. ICES CM I973/I:8.
50. Reynolds. 1978. Chlorophyll a and phaeopigments in the western North Sea. Annales Biologiques Copenhagen, 33: 61-62.
51. Saville, A. 1959. The planktonic stages of the haddock in Scottish Waters. Marine Research, 3: 1-23.
52. Serebryakov, V. P. 1965. Some results of Soviet research work on ichthyoplankton in the northwest Atlantic: eggs and larvae of cod. ICNAF Special Publication, 6 (B-18): 425-433.
53. Sherman, K., Smith, W., Morse, W., Berman, M., Green, J., and Ejsmont, L. 1984. Spawning strategies of fishes in relation to circulation, phytoplankton production, and pulses in zooplankton production off the northeastern United States. Marine Ecology Progress, Series, 18: 1-19.
54. Simpson, A. C. 1959. The spawning of plaice in the Irish Sea. Fishery Investigations Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Series 2, 22(8). 30 pp.
55. Tett, P. B., Joint, I. B., Purdie, D. A., Baars, M., Oosterhuis, S., Daneri, G., Hannah, F., Mills, D. K., Plummer, D., Pomroy, A. J., Walne, A. W., and Witte, H. J. 1993. Biological consequences of tidal stirring gradients in the North Sea. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A. 343: 493-508.
56. Thompson, A. B., and Harrop, R. T. 1991 Feeding dynamics of fish larvae on Copepoda in the western Irish Sea, with particular reference to cod Gadus morhua. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 68: 213-223.
57. Thompson, B. M., and Riley, J. D. 1981. Egg and larval development studies in the North Sea cod (Gadus morhua L.). Rapports el Procés-Verbaux des Réunions du Conseil International pour l‘Exploration de la Mer, 178: 553-559.
58. Thompson, B. M., Nichols, J. H., and Hillis, J. P. 1986. Estimation of the stock size of adult Nephrops larvae in the Irish Sea 1985. ICES CM 1986/K:5, 7 pp.
59. Van der Land, M. A., Heesen, H., and Rijnsdorp, A. 1990. The result of the 1989 egg surveys for cod and plaice. ICES CM 199O/G:27.
60. West, W. Q.-B. 1970. The spawning biological and fecundity of cod in Scottish waters. Ph.D. thesis. Aberdeen University.
61. Williams, J. 1955. The tri-filter hydrophotomeler MkVIII. Technical Report of the Chesapeake Bay Institute. 9-55-4. 14 pp.
62. Woods, E. A. 1991. A two layer model of chlorophyll and nutrients and its application to the Northwest European continental shelf seas Unit for Coastal and Estuarine Studies, Menai Bridge. U91-8. 111 pp.