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Schindler, D.W.1
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5
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84986870037
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D. W. Schindler et al., Science 177, 1192 (1972); T.-H. Peng and W. S. Broecker, Limnol. Oceanogr. 25, 789 (1980); S. Kempe, Mitt. Geol.-Paleontol. Inst. Univ. Hamburg 52, 91 (1982); J. W. M. Rudd et al., Ambio 22, 246 (1993).
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Limnol. Oceanogr.
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Peng, T.-H.1
Broecker, W.S.2
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6
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0015528913
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D. W. Schindler et al., Science 177, 1192 (1972); T.-H. Peng and W. S. Broecker, Limnol. Oceanogr. 25, 789 (1980); S. Kempe, Mitt. Geol.-Paleontol. Inst. Univ. Hamburg 52, 91 (1982); J. W. M. Rudd et al., Ambio 22, 246 (1993).
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Kempe, S.1
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7
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0015528913
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D. W. Schindler et al., Science 177, 1192 (1972); T.-H. Peng and W. S. Broecker, Limnol. Oceanogr. 25, 789 (1980); S. Kempe, Mitt. Geol.-Paleontol. Inst. Univ. Hamburg 52, 91 (1982); J. W. M. Rudd et al., Ambio 22, 246 (1993).
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Ambio
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Rudd, J.W.M.1
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8
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0027035634
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and references therein
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G. W. Kling, G. W. Kipphut, M. C. Miller, Hydrobiologia 240, 23 (1992), and references therein .
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Hydrobiologia
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Kling, G.W.1
Kipphut, G.W.2
Miller, M.C.3
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9
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0003767019
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Lewis, Detroit
-
In all cases adjustments were made for temperature, altitude, and ionic strength. Where complete chemical data were not available, we estimated ionic strength from conductivity [J. N. Butler, Carbon Dioxide Equilibria and Their Applications (Lewis, Detroit, 1992)].
-
(1992)
Carbon Dioxide Equilibria and Their Applications
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Butler, J.N.1
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12
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0025813664
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S. C. Wilhelms and J. S. Gulliver, Eds. American Society of Civil Engineers, Boston
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H. H. Hesslein, J. W. M. Rudd, C. Kelly, P. Ramlal, K. A. Hallard, in Air-Water Mass Transfer, S. C. Wilhelms and J. S. Gulliver, Eds. (American Society of Civil Engineers, Boston, 1991), p. 413.
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Air-Water Mass Transfer
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Hesslein, H.H.1
Rudd, J.W.M.2
Kelly, C.3
Ramlal, P.4
Hallard, K.A.5
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15
-
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85083610841
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-
note
-
CO2 may be caused by the presence of noncarbonate ANC. This effect is strongest at low values of ANC; we excluded from our ANC-based calculations samples with ANC below 40 μeq to minimize this effect.
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-
-
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16
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-
85083607138
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-
note
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2 at 0.88 and a slope of 1.03 ± 0.01.
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-
-
-
18
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0021890541
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A. L. Herczeg and R. H. Hesslein, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48, 837 (1984); A. L. Herczeg et al., Nature 315, 133 (1985).
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Nature
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Herczeg, A.L.1
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19
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0001475645
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J. E. Richey et al., Science 202, 1183 (1978); M. J. Jordan and G. E. Likens, Verh. Int. Verein. Theoret. Angew. Limnol. 10, 994 (1975); D. L. Galat, Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol. 71, 621 (1986); P. D. Quay et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 31, 596 (1986).
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(1978)
Science
, vol.202
, pp. 1183
-
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Richey, J.E.1
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20
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-
0001475645
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-
J. E. Richey et al., Science 202, 1183 (1978); M. J. Jordan and G. E. Likens, Verh. Int. Verein. Theoret. Angew. Limnol. 10, 994 (1975); D. L. Galat, Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol. 71, 621 (1986); P. D. Quay et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 31, 596 (1986).
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(1975)
Verh. Int. Verein. Theoret. Angew. Limnol.
, vol.10
, pp. 994
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-
Jordan, M.J.1
Likens, G.E.2
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21
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-
84985080281
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-
J. E. Richey et al., Science 202, 1183 (1978); M. J. Jordan and G. E. Likens, Verh. Int. Verein. Theoret. Angew. Limnol. 10, 994 (1975); D. L. Galat, Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol. 71, 621 (1986); P. D. Quay et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 31, 596 (1986).
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(1986)
Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol.
, vol.71
, pp. 621
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-
Galat, D.L.1
-
22
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0022851870
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J. E. Richey et al., Science 202, 1183 (1978); M. J. Jordan and G. E. Likens, Verh. Int. Verein. Theoret. Angew. Limnol. 10, 994 (1975); D. L. Galat, Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol. 71, 621 (1986); P. D. Quay et al., Limnol. Oceanogr. 31, 596 (1986).
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(1986)
Limnol. Oceanogr.
, vol.31
, pp. 596
-
-
Quay, P.D.1
-
24
-
-
84983900387
-
-
2 may react chemically with hydroxyl or carbonate ions more rapidly than it would diffuse passively [S. Emerson, Limnol Oceanogr. 20, 743 (1975)]. We used an enhancement factor of 3 to compute flux into undersaturated waters.
-
(1975)
Limnol Oceanogr.
, vol.20
, pp. 743
-
-
Emerson, S.1
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28
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85083607665
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N. F. Caraco et al., Hydrobiologia 253, 280 (1992); Verh. Int. Verein. Theoret. Angew. Limnol, 24, 2985 (1992); N. F. Caraco, unpublished data.
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(1992)
Hydrobiologia
, vol.253
, pp. 280
-
-
Caraco, N.F.1
-
29
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85083612529
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N. F. Caraco et al., Hydrobiologia 253, 280 (1992); Verh. Int. Verein. Theoret. Angew. Limnol, 24, 2985 (1992); N. F. Caraco, unpublished data.
-
(1992)
Verh. Int. Verein. Theoret. Angew. Limnol
, vol.24
, pp. 2985
-
-
-
30
-
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85083597246
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-
unpublished data
-
N. F. Caraco et al., Hydrobiologia 253, 280 (1992); Verh. Int. Verein. Theoret. Angew. Limnol, 24, 2985 (1992); N. F. Caraco, unpublished data.
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-
-
Caraco, N.F.1
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31
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85083596536
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References for seasonal data for the 69 lakes are too numerous to list and are available upon request
-
References for seasonal data for the 69 lakes are too numerous to list and are available upon request.
-
-
-
-
32
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85083607807
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-
thesis, Duke University
-
G. W. Kling, thesis, Duke University (1987).
-
(1987)
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Kling, G.W.1
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33
-
-
85083606291
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-
note
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CO2 measurements at other sites. Financial support was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF-DEB 9211775, 9024188, 9317698, 9011660, 9019873). This is a contribution to the Institute of Ecosystem Studies; the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study; and the North Temperate Lakes LTER program.
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