Transesophageal echocardiographic findings in stroke subtypes

Stroke

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 1994, Pages 23-28

  Albers, G W ^a   Comess, K A ^b   DeRook, F A ^c   Bracci, P ^a   Atwood, J E ^d   Bolger, A ^d   Hotson, J ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b VIRGINIA MASON MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^d VA PALO ALTO HEALTH CARE SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

Cardioembolic stroke; Cerebrovascular disorders; Echocardiography

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANTICOAGULATION; ARTICLE; BRAIN EMBOLISM; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; FEMALE; HEART ATRIUM SEPTUM; HEART DISEASE; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; STROKE; TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; CORONARY THROMBOSIS; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, TRANSESOPHAGEAL; FEMALE; HEART ANEURYSM; HEART ATRIUM; HEART SEPTUM; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGE; SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S.; THORAX;

EID: 0028158641     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: 15244628     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.25.1.23     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Greenland P, Knopman DS, Mikell FL, Asinger RW, Anderson DC, Good DC. Echocardiography in diagnostic assessment of stroke. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:51-53.
2. Lovett JL, Sandok BA, Giuliani ER, Nasser FN. Two dimensional echocardiography in patients with focal cerebral ischemia. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:1-4.
3. Larson EB, Stratton JR, Pearlman AS. Selective use of twodimensional echocardiography in stroke syndromes. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:112-114.
4. Seward JB, Khandheria BK, Oh JK, Abel MD, Hughes RW, Edwards WD, Nichols BA, Freeman WK, Tajik AJ. Transesophageal echocardiography: technique, anatomic correlations, implementation, and clinical applications. Mayo Clin Proc. 1988;63:649-680.
5. Lee RJ, Bartzokis T, Yeoh TK, Grogin HR, Choi D, Schnittger I. Enhanced detection of intracardiac sources of cerebral emboli by transesophageal echocardiography. Stroke. 1991;22:734-739.
6. Pop G, Sutherland GR, Koudstaal PJ, Sit TW, deJong G, Roelandt JR. Transesophageal echocardiography in the detection of intracardiac embolic sources in patients with transient ischemic attacks. Stroke. 1990;21:560-565.
7. Pearson AC, Labovitz AJ, Tatineni S, Gomez CR. Superiority of transesophageal echocardiography in detecting cardiac source of embolism in patients with cerebral ischemia of uncertain etiology. JAm Coll Cardiol. 1991;17:66-72.
8. Cujec B, Polasek P, Voll C, Shuaib A. Transesophageal echocardiography in the detection of potential cardiac source of embolism in stroke patients. Stroke. 1991;22:727-733.
9. Hofmann T, Kasper W, Meinertz T, Geibel A, Just H. Echocardiographic evaluation of patients with clinically suspected arterial emboli. Lancet. 1990;336:1421-1424.
10. Zenker G, Erbel R, Kramer G, Mohr-Kahaly S, Drexler M, Harnoncourt K, Meyer J. Transesophageal two-dimensional echocardiography in young patients with cerebral ischemic events. Stroke. 1988;19:345-348.
11. DeRook FA, Comess KA, Albers GW, Popp RL. Transesophageal echocardiography in the evaluation of stroke. Ann Intern Med. 1992;117:922-932.
12. Albers GW, Atwood JE, Comess KA, Hotson JR, DeRook FA. Value of transesophageal echocardiography in cardioembolic, lacunar, and carotid stenosis stroke subtypes. J Stroke Cerebrovas Dis. 1992;2:S45. Abstract.
13. Kittner SJ, Sharkness CM, Sloan MA, Price TR, Dambrosia JM, Tuhrim S, Wolf PA, Mohr JP, Hier DV, Caplan LR. Infarcts with a cardiac source of embolism in the NINDS Stroke Data Bank: neurologic examination. Neurology. 1992;42:299-302.
14. Bogousslavsky J, Cachin C, Regli F, Despland PA, Van Melle G, Kappenberger L. Cardiac sources of embolism and cerebral infarction-clinical consequences and vascular concomitants: the Lausanne Stroke Registry. Neurology. 1991;41:855-859.
15. Mohr JP. Lacunes. Stroke. 1982;13:3-11.
16. Hanley PC, Tajik AJ, Hynes JK, Edwards WD, Reeder GS, Hagler DJ. Diagnosis and classification of atrial septal aneurysm by twodimensional echocardiography: reports of 80 consecutive cases. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985;6:1370-1382.
17. Black IW, Hopkins AP, Lee LC, Walsh WF. Left atrial spontaneous echo contrast: a clinical and echocardiographic analysis. Am J Cardiol. 1991;18:398-404.
18. Daniel WG, Neilessen U, Schroeder E, Nonnast-Daniel B, Bednarski P, Nitutta P. Left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in mitral valve disease: an indicator for an increased thromboembolic risk. Am J Cardiol. 1988;11:1204-1211.
19. Castello R, Pearson AC, Labovitz AJ. Prevalence and clinical implications of atrial spontaneous contrast in patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiography. Am J Cardiol. 1990;65:1149-1153.
20. Chimowitz M, DeGeorgia M, Poole M, Hepner A, Armstrong W. Left atrial spontaneous echo contrast is highly associated with previous stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation or mitral stenosis. Stroke. 1993;24:1015-1019.
21. Pearson AC, Nagelhout D, Castello R, Gomez CR, Labovitz AJ. Atrial septal aneurysm and stroke: a transesophageal echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;18:1223-1229.
22. Belkin RN, Kisslo J. Atrial septal aneurysm: recognition and clinical relevance. Am Heart J. 1990;120:948-957.
23. Schneider B, Hanrath P, Vogel P, Meinertz T. Improved morphologic characterization of atrial septal aneurysm by transesophageal echocardiography: relation to cerebrovascular events. Am J Cardiol. 1990;16:1000-1009.
24. DiPasquale G, Andreoli A, Grazi P, Dominici P, Pinelli G. Cardioembolic stroke from atrial septal aneurysm. Stroke. 1988;19:640-643.
25. Pearson AC, Nagelhout D, Castello R, Gomez CR, Labovitz AJ. Atrial septal aneurysm and stroke: a transesophageal echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;18:1223-1229.
26. Zabalgoitia-Reyes M, Herrera C, Gandhi DK, Mehlman DJ, McPherson DD, Talano JV. A possible mechanism for neurologic ischemic events in patients with atrial septal aneurysm. Am J Cardiol. 1990;66:761-764.
27. Barbosa MM, Pena JL, Motta MM, Fortes PR. Aneurysms of the atrial septum diagnosed by echocardiography and their associated cardiac abnormalities. Int J Cardiol. 1990;29:71-78.
28. Bamford JM, Warlow CP. Evolution and testing of the lacunar hypothesis. Stroke. 1988;19:1074-1082.
29. Lodder J, Bamford JM, Sandercock PA, Jones LN, Warlow CP. Are hypertension or cardiac embolism likely causes of lacunar infarction? Stroke. 1990;21:375-381.
30. Timsit SG, Sacco MS, Mohr JP, Foulkes TK, Tatemichi TK, Wolf PA, Price TR, Hier DB. Early clinical differentiation of cerebral infarction from severe atherosclerotic stenosis and cardioembolism. Stroke. 1992;23:486-491.
31. Horowitz DR, Tuhrim S, Weinberger JM, Rudolph SH. Mechanisms in lacunar infarction. Stroke. 1992;23:325-327.
32. Cerebral Embolism Task Force. Cardiogenic brain embolism. Arch Neurol. 1989;46:727-743.
33. Tuszynski MH, Petito CK, Levy DE. Risk factors and clinical manifestations of pathologically verified lacunar infarctions. Stroke. 1989;20:990-999.
34. Tullio MD, Sacco RL, Gopal A, Mohr JP, Homma S. Patent foramen ovale as a risk factor for cryptogenic stroke. Ann Intern Med. 1992;117:461-465.
35. Falk RH. PFO or UFO? The role of a patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic stroke. Am Heart J. 1991;121:1264-1266.
36. Lechat P, Mas JL, Lascault G, Loron P, Theard M, Kilmczac M, Drobinski G, Thomas D, Grosgogeat Y. Prevalence of patent foramen ovale in patients with stroke. N Engl J Med. 1988;318:1148-1152.
37. Webster MW, Chancellor AM, Smith HJ, Swift DL, Sharpe DN, Bass NM. Patent foramen ovale in young stroke patients. Lancet. 1988;2:11-12.
38. deBelder MA, Tourikis L, Leech G, Camm AJ. Risk of patent foramen ovale for thromboembolic events in all age groups. Am J Cardiol. 1992;69:1316-1320.