메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 69, Issue 1, 1994, Pages 93-100

The role of apoptosis in cell killing by cisplatin: A flow cytometric stud

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARGININE; CISPLATIN;

EID: 0028144364     PISSN: 00070920     EISSN: 15321827     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1994.14     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (143)

References (46)
  • 1
    • 0025932984 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: Mechanisms and role in pathology
    • ARENDS, M.J. & WYLLIE, A.H. (1991). Apoptosis: mechanisms and role in pathology. Int. Rev. Exp. Pathol., 32, 223–254.
    • (1991) Int. Rev. Exp. Pathol , vol.32 , pp. 223-254
    • Arends, M.J.1    Wyllie, A.H.2
  • 2
    • 0025047803 scopus 로고
    • Activation of programmed cell death (Apoptosis) by cisplatin, other anticancer drugs, toxins and hyperthermia
    • BARRY, M.A., BEHNKE, C.A. & EASTMAN, A. (1990). Activation of programmed cell death (apoptosis) by cisplatin, other anticancer drugs, toxins and hyperthermia. Biochem. Pharmacol., 40, 2353–2362.
    • (1990) Biochem. Pharmacol , vol.40 , pp. 2353-2362
    • Barry, M.A.1    Behnke, C.A.2    Eastman, A.3
  • 3
    • 0018593148 scopus 로고
    • In vitro cytokinetic response of colon cancer cells to cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum
    • BERGERAT, J.P., BARBOLOGIE, B., GOHDE, W., JOHNSTON, D A. & DREWINKO, B. (1979). In vitro cytokinetic response of colon cancer cells to cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum. Cancer Res., 39, 4356–4363.
    • (1979) Cancer Res , vol.39 , pp. 4356-4363
    • Bergerat, J.P.1    Barbologie, B.2    Gohde, W.3    Johnston, D.A.4    Drewinko, B.5
  • 4
    • 0026975785 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis of rat thymocytes triggered by prednisolone, camptothecin or tenososide is selective to go cells and is prevented by inhibitors of proteases
    • BRUNO, S., LASSOTA, P., GIARETTI, W. & DARZYNKIEWICZ, Z. (1992). Apoptosis of rat thymocytes triggered by prednisolone, camptothecin or tenososide is selective to GO cells and is prevented by inhibitors of proteases. Oncol. Res., 4, 29–35.
    • (1992) Oncol. Res , vol.4 , pp. 29-35
    • Bruno, S.1    Lassota, P.2    Giaretti, W.3    Darzynkiewicz, Z.4
  • 5
    • 0026788002 scopus 로고
    • Key morphological features of apoptosis may occur in the absence of internucleosomal dna fragmentation
    • COHEN, G.M., SUN, X.-M., SNOWDEN, R.T., DINSDALE, D. & SKILLETER, D.N. (1992). Key morphological features of apoptosis may occur in the absence of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Biochem. J., 286, 331–334.
    • (1992) Biochem. J , vol.286 , pp. 331-334
    • Cohen, G.M.1    Sun, X.-M.2    Snowden, R.T.3    Dinsdale, D.4    Skilleter, D.N.5
  • 6
    • 0023894849 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of glucocorticoid actions on rat thymocyte deoxyribonucleic acid by fluorescence-activated flow cytometry
    • COMPTON, M.M., HASKILL, J.S. & CIDLOWSKI, J.A. (1988). Analysis of glucocorticoid actions on rat thymocyte deoxyribonucleic acid by fluorescence-activated flow cytometry. Endocrinology, 122, 2158–2164.
    • (1988) Endocrinology , vol.122 , pp. 2158-2164
    • Compton, M.M.1    Haskill, J.S.2    Cidlowski, J.A.3
  • 8
    • 0026518813 scopus 로고
    • Brdurd/dna flow cytometry analysis demonstrates cis-diamminedichloro-platinum(Ii)-induced multiple cell-cycle modifications on human lung carcinoma cells
    • DEMARCO, C., BASTIAN, B. & REMVIKOS, Y. (1992). BrdUrd/DNA flow cytometry analysis demonstrates cis-diamminedichloro-platinum(II)-induced multiple cell-cycle modifications on human lung carcinoma cells. Cytometry, 13, 416–422.
    • (1992) Cytometry , vol.13 , pp. 416-422
    • Demarco, C.1    Bastian, B.2    Remvikos, Y.3
  • 9
    • 0025880971 scopus 로고
    • Drug-target interactions: Only the first step in the commitment to a programmed cell death?
    • DIVE, C. & HICKMAN, J.A. (1991). Drug-target interactions: only the first step in the commitment to a programmed cell death? Br. J. Cancer, 64, 192–196.
    • (1991) Br. J. Cancer , vol.64 , pp. 192-196
    • Dive, C.1    Hickman, J.A.2
  • 10
    • 0026543962 scopus 로고
    • Analysis and discrimination of necrosis and apoptosis (Programmed cell death) by multiparameter flow cytometry
    • DIVE, C., GREGORY, C D., PHIPPS, D.J., EVANS, D.L., MILNER, A.E. & WYLLIE, A.H. (1992). Analysis and discrimination of necrosis and apoptosis (programmed cell death) by multiparameter flow cytometry. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1133, 275–285.
    • (1992) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1133 , pp. 275-285
    • Dive, C.1    Gregory, C.D.2    Phipps, D.J.3    Evans, D.L.4    Milner, A.E.5    Wyllie, A.H.6
  • 11
    • 0023620024 scopus 로고
    • Synergistic cell inactivation by cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum in combination with l-proparygyl-5-chloropyrmindin-2-one
    • DORNISH, J.M., PETTERSON, E.O. & OFTEBRO, R. (1987). Synergistic cell inactivation by cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum in combination with l-proparygyl-5-chloropyrmindin-2-one. Br. J. Cancer, 56, 273–278.
    • (1987) Br. J. Cancer , vol.56 , pp. 273-278
    • Dornish, J.M.1    Petterson, E.O.2    Oftebro, R.3
  • 12
    • 0022006729 scopus 로고
    • Interstrand cross-links and sequence specificity in the reaction of cis-dichloro(Ethylenediamine) platinum with dna
    • EASTMAN, A. (1985). Interstrand cross-links and sequence specificity in the reaction of cis-dichloro(ethylenediamine) platinum with DNA. Biochemistry, 24, 5027–5032.
    • (1985) Biochemistry , vol.24 , pp. 5027-5032
    • Eastman, A.1
  • 13
    • 0023628351 scopus 로고
    • The formation, isolation and characterisation of dna adducts produced by anticancer platinum complexes
    • EASTMAN, A. (1987). The formation, isolation and characterisation of DNA adducts produced by anticancer platinum complexes. Pharmacol. Ther., 34, 155–168.
    • (1987) Pharmacol. Ther , vol.34 , pp. 155-168
    • Eastman, A.1
  • 14
    • 0018180037 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cw-platinum diamminedichloride on survival and the rate of dna synthesis in synchronously growing hela cells in the absence and presence of caffeine
    • FRAVAL, H.N.A. & ROBERTS, J.J. (1978). Effects of cw-platinum diamminedichloride on survival and the rate of DNA synthesis in synchronously growing HeLa cells in the absence and presence of caffeine. Chem. Biol. Interact., 23, 111–119.
    • (1978) Chem. Biol. Interact , vol.23 , pp. 111-119
    • Fraval, H.N.A.1    Roberts, J.J.2
  • 15
    • 0018746983 scopus 로고
    • Excision repair of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(Ii)-induced damage of chinese hamster cells
    • FRAVAL, H.N.A. & ROBERTS, J.J. (1979). Excision repair of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)-induced damage of Chinese hamster cells. Cancer Res., 39, 1793–1797.
    • (1979) Cancer Res , vol.39 , pp. 1793-1797
    • Fraval, H.N.A.1    Roberts, J.J.2
  • 16
    • 0024306210 scopus 로고
    • Flow cytometric analysis of the kinetic effects of cisplatin on lung cancer cells
    • FUJIKANE, T., SHIMIZU, T., TSUJII, T., ISHIDA, S., OHSAKI, Y. & ONODERA, S. (1989). Flow cytometric analysis of the kinetic effects of cisplatin on lung cancer cells. Cytometry, 10, 788–795.
    • (1989) Cytometry , vol.10 , pp. 788-795
    • Fujikane, T.1    Shimizu, T.2    Tsujii, T.3    Ishida, S.4    Ohsaki, Y.5    Onodera, S.6
  • 17
    • 0026698173 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis induced by anticancer drugs
    • HICKMAN, J.A. (1992). Apoptosis induced by anticancer drugs. Cancer Metastasis Rev., 11, 121–139.
    • (1992) Cancer Metastasis Rev , vol.11 , pp. 121-139
    • Hickman, J.A.1
  • 18
    • 0026717135 scopus 로고
    • Changes in nuclear chromatin related to apoptosis or necrosis induced by the dna topoisomerase ii inhibitor fostriecin in molt-4 and hl-60 cells are revealed by altered dna sensitivity to denaturation
    • HOTZ, M.A., TRAGANOS, F. & DARZYNKIEWICZ, Z. (1992). Changes in nuclear chromatin related to apoptosis or necrosis induced by the DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor fostriecin in Molt-4 and HL-60 cells are revealed by altered DNA sensitivity to denaturation. Expl. Cell Res., 201, 184–191.
    • (1992) Expl. Cell Res , vol.201 , pp. 184-191
    • Hotz, M.A.1    Traganos, F.2    Darzynkiewicz, Z.3
  • 19
    • 84966153713 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous nucleosomal dna fragmentation (Sndf) in a mouse leukemic cell line (li210): Correlation with cell density and nutritional status (abstract)
    • JAING, C., LU, J.X., GARCIA, G. & THOMPSON, H.J. (1993). Spontaneous nucleosomal DNA fragmentation (SNDF) in a mouse leukemic cell line (LI210): correlation with cell density and nutritional status (abstract). Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., 34, 291.
    • (1993) Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res , vol.34 , pp. 291
    • Jaing, C.1    Lu, J.X.2    Garcia, G.3    Thompson, H.J.4
  • 20
    • 0026634024 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative determination of the induction of apoptosis in a murine b cell line using flow cytometric bivariate cell cycle analysis
    • JONES, T.L. & LAFRENZ, D. (1992). Quantitative determination of the induction of apoptosis in a murine B cell line using flow cytometric bivariate cell cycle analysis. Cell. Immunol., 142, 348–360.
    • (1992) Cell. Immunol , vol.142 , pp. 348-360
    • Jones, T.L.1    Lafrenz, D.2
  • 21
    • 0019986881 scopus 로고
    • Defective removal of dna cross-links in a repair-deficient mutant of chinese hamster cells
    • MEYN, R.E., JENKINS, S.F. & THOMPSON, L.H. (1982). Defective removal of DNA cross-links in a repair-deficient mutant of Chinese hamster cells. Cancer Res., 42, 3106–3110.
    • (1982) Cancer Res , vol.42 , pp. 3106-3110
    • Meyn, R.E.1    Jenkins, S.F.2    Thompson, L.H.3
  • 22
    • 0025726216 scopus 로고
    • A rapid and simple method for measuring thymocyte apoptosis by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry
    • NICOLETTI, I., MIGLIORATI, G., PAGLIACCI, M.C. & GRIGNANI, F. & RICCARDI, C. (1991). A rapid and simple method for measuring thymocyte apoptosis by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. J. Immunol. Methods, 139, 271–279.
    • (1991) J. Immunol. Methods , vol.139 , pp. 271-279
    • Nicoletti, I.1    Migliorati, G.2    Pagliacci, M.C.3    Grignani, F.4    Riccardi, C.5
  • 23
    • 0025021142 scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase-c involvement in thymocyte apoptosis induced by hydrocortisone
    • OJEDA, F., GUARDA, M.I., MALDONADO, C. & FOLCH, H. (1990). Protein kinase-C involvement in thymocyte apoptosis induced by hydrocortisone. Cell Immunol., 125, 535–539.
    • (1990) Cell Immunol , vol.125 , pp. 535-539
    • Ojeda, F.1    Guarda, M.I.2    Maldonado, C.3    Folch, H.4
  • 24
    • 0002800018 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of dna. General methods
    • Ormerod, M.G. (ed.), IRL Press at Oxford University Press: Oxford
    • ORMEROD, M.G. (1990). Analysis of DNA. General methods. In Flow Cytometry. A Practical Approach, Ormerod, M.G. (ed.) pp. 69-87. IRL Press at Oxford University Press: Oxford.
    • (1990) Flow Cytometry. a Practical Approach , pp. 69-87
    • Ormerod, M.G.1
  • 25
    • 0026730469 scopus 로고
    • Cell cycle analysis of asynchronous cell populations by flow cytometry using bromodeoxy-uridine label and hoechst-propidium iodide stain
    • ORMEROD, M.G. & KUBBIES, M. (1992). Cell cycle analysis of asynchronous cell populations by flow cytometry using bromodeoxy-uridine label and Hoechst-propidium iodide stain. Cytometry, 13, 678–685.
    • (1992) Cytometry , vol.13 , pp. 678-685
    • Ormerod, M.G.1    Kubbies, M.2
  • 26
    • 0026655823 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in interleukin-3-dependent haemopoetic cells. Quantification by two flow cytometric methods
    • ORMEROD, M.G., COLLINS, M.K.L., RODRIGUEZTARDUCHY, G. & ROBERTSON, D. (1992). Apoptosis in interleukin-3-dependent haemopoetic cells. Quantification by two flow cytometric methods. J. Immunol. Methods, 153, 57–65.
    • (1992) J. Immunol. Methods , vol.153 , pp. 57-65
    • Ormerod, M.G.1    Collins, M.K.L.2    Rodrigueztarduchy, G.3    Robertson, D.4
  • 27
    • 0027209579 scopus 로고
    • Increased membrane permeability of apoptotic thymocytes: A flow cytometric study
    • ORMEROD, M.G., SUN, X.-M., SNOWDEN, R.T., DAVIES, R., FEARNHEAD, H. & COHEN, G.M. (1993). Increased membrane permeability of apoptotic thymocytes: a flow cytometric study. Cytometry, 14, 595–602.
    • (1993) Cytometry , vol.14 , pp. 595-602
    • Ormerod, M.G.1    Sun, X.-M.2    Snowden, R.T.3    Davies, R.4    Fearnhead, H.5    Cohen, G.M.6
  • 28
    • 84966177549 scopus 로고
    • Cell kinetic analysis using continuous brdu labelling and bivariate hoechst 33258/ethidium bromide flow cytometry
    • Ormerod, M.G. (ed.), IRL Press at Oxford University Press: Oxford
    • POOT, M. (1990). Cell kinetic analysis using continuous BrdU labelling and bivariate Hoechst 33258/ethidium bromide flow cytometry. In Flow Cytometry. A Practical Approach, Ormerod, M.G. (ed.) pp. 105-112. IRL Press at Oxford University Press: Oxford.
    • (1990) Flow Cytometry. a Practical Approach , pp. 105-112
    • Poot, M.1
  • 29
    • 0023841617 scopus 로고
    • Brdu-hoechst flow cytometry. A unique tool for quantitative cell cycle analysis
    • RABINOVITCH, P.S., KUBBIES, M., CHEN, Y.C., SCHINDLER, D. & HOEHN, H. (1988). BrdU-Hoechst flow cytometry. A unique tool for quantitative cell cycle analysis. Exp. Cell Res., 174, 309–318.
    • (1988) Exp. Cell Res , vol.174 , pp. 309-318
    • Rabinovitch, P.S.1    Kubbies, M.2    Chen, Y.C.3    Schindler, D.4    Hoehn, H.5
  • 30
    • 0005672354 scopus 로고
    • The repair of dna modified by cytotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic chemicals
    • ROBERTS, J.J. (1978). The repair of DNA modified by cytotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic chemicals. Adv. Rad. Biol., 7, 211–432.
    • (1978) Adv. Rad. Biol , vol.7 , pp. 211-432
    • Roberts, J.J.1
  • 31
    • 0345299788 scopus 로고
    • Repair of cis-platinum diamminedichloride-induced dna damage and cell sensitivity
    • Prestayko, A.W., Crooke, S.T. & Careter, S.K, Academic Press: New York
    • ROBERTS, J.J. & FRAVAL, H.N. (1980). Repair of cis-platinum diamminedichloride-induced DNA damage and cell sensitivity. In Cisplatin: Current Status and New Developments, Prestayko, A.W., Crooke, S.T. & Careter, S.K. (eds) pp. 57-77. Academic Press: New York.
    • (1980) Cisplatin: Current Status and New Developments , pp. 57-77
    • Roberts, J.J.1    Fraval, H.N.2
  • 32
    • 0023640562 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative estimation of cisplatin-induced dna interstrand crosslinks and their repair in mammalian cells
    • ROBERTS, J.J. & FRIEDLOS, F. (1987). Quantitative estimation of cisplatin-induced DNA interstrand crosslinks and their repair in mammalian cells. Pharmacol. Ther., 34, 215–246.
    • (1987) Pharmacol. Ther , vol.34 , pp. 215-246
    • Roberts, J.J.1    Friedlos, F.2
  • 33
    • 0018588867 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of action of anti-tumour platinum compounds
    • ROBERTS, J.J. & THOMSON, A.J. (1979). The mechanism of action of anti-tumour platinum compounds. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol., 22, 71–133.
    • (1979) Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol , vol.22 , pp. 71-133
    • Roberts, J.J.1    Thomson, A.J.2
  • 34
    • 0025163927 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of apoptosis in interleukin-3-dependent hemopoietic cells by interleukin-3 and calcium ionophores
    • RODRIGUEZ-TARDUCHY, G., COLLINS, M. & LOPEZ-RIVAS, A. (1990). Regulation of apoptosis in interleukin-3-dependent hemopoietic cells by interleukin-3 and calcium ionophores. EM BO J., 9, 2997–3002.
    • (1990) EM BO J , vol.9 , pp. 2997-3002
    • Rodriguez-Tarduchy, G.1    Collins, M.2    Lopez-Rivas, A.3
  • 36
    • 0024234729 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of cis-diamminedichloroplatium(Ii)-induced cytotoxicity: Role of g2 arrest and dna double strand breaks
    • SORENSON, C.M. & EASTMAN, A. (1988a). Mechanism of cis-diamminedichloroplatium(II)-induced cytotoxicity: role of G2 arrest and DNA double strand breaks. Cancer Res., 48, 6703–6707.
    • (1988) Cancer Res , vol.48 , pp. 6703-6707
    • Sorenson, C.M.1    Eastman, A.2
  • 37
    • 0024234729 scopus 로고
    • Influence of cisdiam-minedichloroplatinum(Ii) on dna synthesis and cell cycle progression in excision repair proficient and deficient chinese hamster ovary cells
    • SORENSON, C.M. & EASTMAN, A. (1988b). Influence of cisdiam-minedichloroplatinum(II) on DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression in excision repair proficient and deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cancer Res., 48, 6703–6707.
    • (1988) Cancer Res , vol.48 , pp. 6703-6707
    • Sorenson, C.M.1    Eastman, A.2
  • 38
    • 0025273308 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of events associated with cell cycle arrest at g2 phase and cell death induced by cisplatin
    • SORENSON, C.M., BARRY, M.A. & EASTMAN, A. (1990). Analysis of events associated with cell cycle arrest at G2 phase and cell death induced by cisplatin. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 82, 749–755.
    • (1990) J. Natl. Cancer Inst , vol.82 , pp. 749-755
    • Sorenson, C.M.1    Barry, M.A.2    Eastman, A.3
  • 39
    • 0026632264 scopus 로고
    • A flow cytometric method for the separation and quantitation of normal and apoptotic thymocytes
    • SUN, X.-M., SNOWDEN, R.T., SKILLETER, D.N., DINSDALE, D., ORMEROD, M.G. & COHEN, G.M. (1992). A flow cytometric method for the separation and quantitation of normal and apoptotic thymocytes. Anal. Biochem., 204, 351–356.
    • (1992) Anal. Biochem , vol.204 , pp. 351-356
    • Sun, X.-M.1    Snowden, R.T.2    Skilleter, D.N.3    Dinsdale, D.4    Ormerod, M.G.5    Cohen, G.M.6
  • 40
    • 0025786007 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of glucocorticoid-induced dna fragmentation in mouse thymocytes by flow cytometry
    • TELFORD, W.G., KING, L.E. & FRAKER, P.J. (1991). Evaluation of glucocorticoid-induced DNA fragmentation in mouse thymocytes by flow cytometry. Cell Prolif., 24, 447–449.
    • (1991) Cell Prolif , vol.24 , pp. 447-449
    • Telford, W.G.1    King, L.E.2    Fraker, P.J.3
  • 41
    • 0026540818 scopus 로고
    • Comparative evaluation of several dna binding dyes in the detection of apoptosis-associated chromatin degradation by flow cytometry
    • TELFORD, W.G., KING, L.E. & FRAKER, P.J. (1992). Comparative evaluation of several DNA binding dyes in the detection of apoptosis-associated chromatin degradation by flow cytometry. Cytometry, 13, 137–143.
    • (1992) Cytometry , vol.13 , pp. 137-143
    • Telford, W.G.1    King, L.E.2    Fraker, P.J.3
  • 42
    • 0027339397 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in c3h/10ti mouse embryonic cells: Evidence for internucleosomal dna modification in the absence of double-strand cleavage
    • TOMEI, L.D., SHAPIRO, J.P. & COPE, F.O. (1993). Apoptosis in C3H/10Ti mouse embryonic cells: evidence for internucleosomal DNA modification in the absence of double-strand cleavage. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 853–857.
    • (1993) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 853-857
    • Tomei, L.D.1    Shapiro, J.P.2    Cope, F.O.3
  • 43
    • 0025890303 scopus 로고
    • Topoisomerase ii-reactive chemotherapeutic drugs induce apoptosis in thymocytes
    • WALKER, P R., SMITH, C., YOUDALE, T., LEBLANC, J., WHITFIELD, J.F. & SIKORSKA, M. (1991). Topoisomerase II-reactive chemotherapeutic drugs induce apoptosis in thymocytes. Cancer Res., 51, 1078–1085.
    • (1991) Cancer Res , vol.51 , pp. 1078-1085
    • Walker, P.R.1    Smith, C.2    Youdale, T.3    Leblanc, J.4    Whitfield, J.F.5    Sikorska, M.6
  • 44
    • 0018830636 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endonuclease activation
    • WYLLIE, A.H. (1980). Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endonuclease activation. Nature, 284, 555–556.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.284 , pp. 555-556
    • Wyllie, A.H.1
  • 45
    • 0027479796 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis
    • WYLLIE, A.H. (1993). Apoptosis. Br. J. Cancer, 67, 205–208.
    • (1993) Br. J. Cancer , vol.67 , pp. 205-208
    • Wyllie, A.H.1
  • 46
    • 0019225636 scopus 로고
    • Cell death: The significance of apoptosis
    • WYLLIE, A.H., KERR, J.F.R. & CURRIE, A.R. (1980). Cell death: the significance of apoptosis. Int. Rev. Cytol., 68, 251–305.
    • (1980) Int. Rev. Cytol , vol.68 , pp. 251-305
    • Wyllie, A.H.1    Kerr, J.F.R.2    Currie, A.R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.