Erector spinae lever arm length variations with changes in spinal curvature

Spine

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 1994, Pages 199-204

[No Author Info available]

Author keywords

Erector pina a. erector spin a a apon uross; Jever mm length; Kyphosis; Lifting technique; Lordosis; Lumbar spine

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BACK MUSCLE; EXTENSOR MUSCLE; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; KYPHOSIS; LORDOSIS; MALE; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); MUSCLE LENGTH; NORMAL HUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; WEIGHT LIFTING;

ADULT; ARM; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MIDDLE AGE; MUSCLES; POSTURE; SPINE; SUPINE POSITION; SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; WEIGHT LIFTING;

EID: 0028125927     PISSN: 03622436     EISSN: 15281159     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199401001-00015     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Andersson GBJ, Murphy RW, Ortengren R, Nachemson AL. The influence of backrest inclination and lumbar support on lumbar lordosis. Spine 1979;4:52-58.
2. Chaffin DB, Redfern MS, Erig M, Goldstein SA. Lumbar muscle size and locations from CT scans of 96 women of age 40 to 63 years. Clin Biomech 1990;5:9-16.
3. Cholewicki J, McGill SM. Lumbar posterior ligament involvement during extremely heavy lifts estimated from fluoroscopic measurements. J Biomech 1992;25:17-28.
4. Dumas GA, Poulin MS, Roy B, Gagnon M, Jovanovic M.Orientation and moment arms of some trunk muscles. Spine 1991;16:293-303.
5. Ekholm J, Arborelius UP, Nemeth G. The load on the lumbo-sacral joint and trunk muscle activity during lifting. Ergonomics 1982;25:145-161.
6. Farfan HF, Huberdeau RM, Dubow HI. Lumbar inter- vertebral disk degeneration. J Bone Joint Surg 1972;54A:492- 510.
7. Gracovetsky S, Farfan HF, Lamy C. A mathematical model of the lumbar spine using an optimized system to control muscles and ligaments. Orthop Clin North Am 1977;8(1): 135-153.
8. Kumar S. Moment arms of spinal musculature determined from CT-scans. Clin Biomech 1988;3:137-144.
9. Macintosh JE, Bogduk N. The attachments of the lumbar erector spinae. Spine 1991;16:783-792.
10. Macintosh JE, Bogduk N. The biomechanics of the lumbar multifidus. Clin Biomech 1986;1:205-213.
11. McDonagh MJN, Davies CTM. Adaptive response of mammalian skeletal muscle to exercise with high loads. Eur J Appl Physiol 1984;52:139-155.
12. McGill SM. Estimation of force and extensor moment contributions of the disc and ligaments at L4-L5. Spine 1988; 13:1395-1402.
13. McGill SM, Norman RW. Effects of an anatomically detailed erector spinae model on L4/L5 disc compression and shear. J Biomech 1987;20:591-600.
14. McGill SM, Norman RW. Partitioning of the L4-L5 dynamic moment into disc, ligamentous and muscular components during lifting. Spine 1986;11:666-677.
15. McGill SM, Patt N, Norman RW. Measurement of the trunk musculature of active males using CT scan radiography: implications for force and moment generating capacity about the L4/L5 joint. J Biomech 1988;21:329-341.
16. Németh G, Ohlsén H. Moment arm lengths of trunk muscles to the lumbosacral joint obtained in vivo with computed tomography. Spine 1986;11:158-160.
17. Pearcy M, Portek I, Shepherd F, Shepherd J. Three- dimensional x-ray analysis of normal movement in the lumbar spine. Spine 1984;9:294-297.
18. Potvin JR, McGill SM, Norman RW. Trunk muscle and lumbar ligament contributions to dynamic lifts with varying degrees of trunk flexion. Spine 1991;16:1099-1107.
19. Reid JG, Costigan PA, Comrie W. Prediction of trunk muscle areas and moment arms by use of anthropometric measures. Spine 1987;12:273-275.
20. Swärd L, Eriksson B, Peterson L. Anthropometric characteristics, passive hip flexion, and spinal mobility in relation to back pain in athletes. Spine 1990;15:376-382.
21. Thorstensson A, Oddsson L. Muscle force per unit cross- sectional area of the trunk extensor muscles in men and women. Acta Physiol Scand 1982;508:41A.