The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): III. Tests of data quality, scaling assumptions, and reliability across diverse patient groups

Medical Care

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 1994, Pages 40-66

  McHorney, Colleen A ^a   Ware, John E ^a   Rachel Lu, J F ^b   Sherbourne, Cathy Donald ^c  

^a TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c RAND CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

Data quality; MOS SF 36 Health Survey; Reliability; Scaling assumptions

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; FEMALE; HEALTH; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MALE; QUESTIONNAIRE; REPRODUCIBILITY; SOCIOECONOMICS; STANDARD; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNITED STATES;

AGED; BOSTON; CHICAGO; DATA COLLECTION; EVALUATION STUDIES; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS INDICATORS; HUMAN; LOS ANGELES; MALE; MIDDLE AGE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); QUESTIONNAIRES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S.; URBAN HEALTH;

EID: 0028120266     PISSN: 00257079     EISSN: 15371948     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005650-199401000-00004     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Cassileth BR, Lusk EJ, Strouse TB, et al. Psychosocial status in chronic illness; a comparative analysis of six diagnostic groups. N Engl J Med 1984; 311:506.
2. Bergner L, Hallstrom AP, Bergner M, et al. Health status of survivors of cardiac arrest and of myocardial infarction controls. Am J Public Health 1985;75:1321.
3. Follick MJ, Smith TW, Ahern DK: The Sickness Impact Profile; a global measure of disability in chronic low back pain. Pain 1985; 21:67.
4. Jenkison C, Fitzpatrick R, Argyle M: The Nottingham Health Profile: an analysis of its sensitivity in differentiating illness groups. Soc Sci Med 1988; 12:1411.
5. Chambers LW: The McMaster Health Index Questionnaire; An update. In; Walker SR, Rosser RM, eds. Quality of Life: Assessment and Application. Lan-caster: MTP Press Limited, 1988:113.
6. Stewart AL, Greenfield S, Hays RD, et al. Functional status and well-being of patients with chronic conditions: results from the Medical Outcomes Study. JAMA 1989;262:907.
7. Wells KB, Stewart A, Hays RD, et al. The functioning and well-being of depressed patients: results from the Medical Outcomes Study. JAMA 1989; 262:914.
8. Katon WJ, Buchwald DS, Simon, GE, et al. Psychiatric illness in patients with chronic fatigue and those with rheumatoid arthritis. J Gen Intern Med 1991; 6:277.
9. McHorney CA, Ware JE, Rogers W, et al. The validity and relative precision of MOS short- and long- form health status scales and Dartmouth COOP charts: results from the Medical Outcomes Study. Med Care 1992;30: MS253.
10. McHorney CA, Ware JE, Raczek AE: The MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs. Med Care 1993; 31:247.
11. Deyo RA, Inui TS, Leininger J, et al. Physical and psychosocial function in rheumatoid arthritis: clinical use of a self-administered health status instrument. Arch Intern Med 1982; 142:879.
12. Wu AW, Rubin HR, Mathews WC, et al. A health status questionnaire using 30 items from the Medical Outcomes Study: preliminary validation in persons with early HIV infection. Med Care 1991;29:786.
13. Alonso J, Anto JM, Gonzalez M, et al. Measurement of general health status of non-oxygen dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Med Care 1992;30: MS125.
14. Kravitz RL, Greenfield S, Rogers W, et al. Differences in the mix of patients among medical specialties and systems of care: results from the Medical Outcomes Study. JAMA 1992;267:1617.
15. Wachtel T, Piette J, Mor V, et al. Quality of life in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection: measurement by the Medical Outcomes Study instrument. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116:129.
16. Wells, KB, Burnam MA, Rogers W, et al. The course of depression in adult outpatients: results from the Medical Outcomes Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:788.
17. Evans RW, Manninen DL, Garrison LP, et al. The quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease. N Engl J Med 1985;312:553.
18. Hart LG, Evans RW: The functional status of ESRD patients as measured by the Sickness Impact Profile. J Chronic Dis 1987;40:117S.
19. Lansky D, Butler JB, Waller FT: Using health status measures in the hospital setting: from acute care to outcomes management. Med Care 1992;30: MS57.
20. Nerenz DR, Repasky DP, Whitehouse FW, et al. Ongoing assessment of health status in patients with diabetes mellitus. Med Care 1992;30: MS112.
21. Rockey PH, Griep RJ: Behavioral dysfunction on hyperthyroidism: improvement with treatment. Arch Intern Med 1980; 140:1194.
22. Bergner M, Bobbitt RA, Carter WB, et al. The Sickness Impact Profile: development and final revision of a health status measure. Med Care 1981; 19:787.
23. O’Brien BJ, Buxton MJ, Ferguson BA: Measuring the effectiveness of heart transplant programmers: quality of life data and their relationship to survival analysis. J Chronic Dis 1987;40:137S.
24. O’Brien BJ, Banner NR, Gibson S, et al. The Nottingham Health Profile as a measure of quality of life following heart and lung transplantation. J Epidemiol Community Health 1988;42:232.
25. Liang MH, Fossel AH, Larson MG. Comparisons of five health status instruments for orthopedic evaluation. Med Care 1990; 28:632.
26. Katz JN, Larson MG, Phillips CB, et al. Comparative measurement sensitivity of short and longer health status instruments. Med Care 1992;30:917.
27. McSweeny AJ, Grant I, Heaton RK, et al. Life quality of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med 1982; 142:473.
28. Bergner L, Bergner M, Hallstrom AP, et al. Health status of survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest six months later. Am J Public Health 1984; 74:508.
29. Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy Trial Group. Continuous or nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive lung disease. Ann Intern Med 1980;93:391.
30. Bombardier C, Ware J, Russell IJ, et al. Auranofin therapy and quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results of a multicenter trial. Am J Med 1986; 81:565.
31. Croog SH, Levine S, Testa MA, et al. The effects of antihypertensive therapy on the quality of life. N Engl J Med 1986;314:1657.
32. Fletcher A, McLoone P, Bulpitt C, et al. Quality of life on angina therapy: a randomized controlled trial of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate against placebo. Lancet 1988:4.
33. Thompson MS, Read, JL, Hutchings HC, et al. The cost effectiveness of auranofin: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Rheum 1988; 15:35.
34. Kaplan, RM, Anderson JP, Wu AW, et al. The Quality of Well-Being Scale: applications in AIDS, cystic fibrosis, and arthritis. Med Care 1989;27:S27.
35. Canadian Erythropoietin Study Group. Association between recombinant human erythropoietin and quality of life and exercise capacity of patients receiving hemodialysis. BMJ 1990;300:573.
36. Lancaster TR, Singer DE, Sheehan MA, et al. The impact of long-term warfarin therapy on quality of life. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151:1944.
37. Brook RH, Ware JE, Rogers WH, et al. Does free care improve adults’ health? results from a randomized controlled trial. N Engl J Med 1983;309:1426.
38. Lurie N, Ward NB, Shapiro MF, et al. Termination from Medi-Cal: does it affect health? N Engl J Med 1984;311:480.
39. Ware JE, Brook RH, Rogers WH, et al. Comparison of health outcomes at a health maintenance organization with those of fee-for-service care. Lancet 1986; 1017.
40. Stewart AL, Hays RD, Ware JE: The MOS Short- Form General Health Survey: reliability and validity in a patient population. Med Care 1988;26:724.
41. Andrews FM: Construct validity and error component of survey measures: a structural modeling approach. Public Opinion Quarterly 1984;48:409.
42. Andrews FM, Herzog AR: The quality of survey data as related to age of respondent. J Am Stat Assoc 1986; 81:403.
43. Colsher PL, Wallace RB: Data quality and age: health and psychobehavioral correlates of item non-re-sponse and inconsistent responses. J Gerontol 1989;44:P45.
44. Brazier JE, Harper R, Jones NMB, et al. Validating the SF-36 survey questionnaire: new outcome measure for primary care. BMJ 1992;305:160.
45. Sherbourne CD, Meredith L: Quality of self-report data: a comparison of older and younger chronically ill patients. J Gerontol 1992;47:S204.
46. Bindman AB, Keane D, Lurie N: Measuring health changes among severely ill patients: the floor phenomenon. Med Care 1990; 28:1142.
47. American Psychological Association. Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1985.
48. Cronbach LJ: Essentials of Psychological Testing. NY: Harper & Row Publishers, 1970.
49. Cleary TA, Linn RL, Walster GW: Effect of reliability and validity on power of statistical tests. In: Bor-gatta EF, Borhnstedt GW, eds. Sociological Methodology. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass 1970:130.
50. Pollard WE, Bobbit RA, Bergner M: Examination of variable errors of measurement in a survey-based social indicator. Social Indicators Research 1978;5:279.
51. Maxwell SE: Dependent variable reliability and determination of sample size. Appl Psychol Meas 1980;4:253.
52. Sutcliffe JP: On the relationship of reliability to statistical power. Psychol Bull 1980;88:509.
53. Ware JE: Comments on the use of health status assessment in clinical settings. Med Care 1992; 30:MS205.
54. Overall JE: Contradictions can never a paradox resolve. Appl Psych Meas 1989; 13:426.
55. Hunt SM, McEwen J: The development of a subjective health indicator. Social Health Illness 1980; 2:231.
56. Parkerson GR, Gehlbach SH, Wagner EH, et al. The Duke-UNC Health Profile: an adult health status instrument for primary care. Med Care 1981; 19:806.
57. Nelson E, Wasson J, Kirk J, et al. Assessment of function in routine clinical practice: description of the COOP chart method and preliminary findings. J Chronic Dis 1987;40:55S.
58. Ware JE, Sherbourne CD: The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): 1. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 1992;30:473.
59. Patrick DL, Sittampalam Y, Somerville SM, et al. A cross-cultural comparison of health status values. Am J Public Health 1985; 75:1402.
60. Balaban DJ, Sagi P, Goldfarb NI, et al. Weights for scoring the Quality of well-being instrument among rheumatoid arthritics: a comparison to general population weights. Med Care 1986; 24:973.
61. Hunt SM, Wilkund I: Cross-cultural variation in the weighting of health statements: a comparison of English and Swedish valuations. Health Policy 1987;8:230.
62. Bucquet D, Condon S, Ritchie K: The French version of the Nottingham Health Profile: a comparison of item weights with those of the source version. Soc Sci Med 1990;30:829.
63. Ware JE: Scales for measuring general health perceptions. Health Serv Res 1976 (Winter):396.
64. Ware JE, Johnston SA, Davies-Avery A, et al. Conceptualization and measurement of health for adults in the Health Insurance Study: Vol III, Mental Health. Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corporation, 1979.
65. Pollard WE, Bobbitt RA, Bergner M, et al. The Sickness Impact Profile: reliability of a health status measure. Med Care 1976; 14:146.
66. Anderson JP, Kaplan RM, Berry CC, et al. Inter-day reliability of function assessment for a health status measure: the Quality of Well-Being Scale. Med Care 1989;27:1076.
67. Tarlov AR, Ware JE, Greenfield S, et al. The Medical Outcomes Study: an application of methods for monitoring the results of medical care. JAMA 1989;262:925.
68. Wells KB, Hays RD, Burnam MA, et al. Detection of depressive disorder for patients receiving prepaid or fee-for-service care: results from the Medical Outcomes Study. JAMA 1989;262:3298.
69. Stewart AL, Ware JE: Measuring Functioning and Well-Being: The Medical Outcomes Study Approach. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1992.
70. Burnam MA, Wells KB, Leake B, et al. Develop-ment of a brief screening instrument for detecting de-pressive disorders. Med Care 1988;26:775.
71. Likert, RA: A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Arch Psychol 1932; 140:5.
72. Ware JE, Snow KK, Kosinski M, et al. SF-36 Health Survey Manual and Interpretation Guide. Boston: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center Hospitals, 1993.
73. Howard KI, Forehand GC: A method for correcting item-total correlations for the effect of relevant item inclusion. Educ Psychol Meas 1962;22:731.
74. Hays RD, Hayashi T: Beyond internal consistency: rationale and user’s guide for Multitrait Analysis Program on the microcomputer. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers 1990;22:167.
75. Helmsteader GC.: Principles of Psychological Measurement. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1964.
76. Nunnally JC: Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978.
77. Ware JE: Methodological considerations in the selection of health status assessment procedures. In: Wenger NK, Mattson ME, Furberg CD, Elinson J, eds. Assessment of Quality of Life in Clinical Trials of Cardiovascular Therapies. New York: Lejacq, 1984:87.
78. Kirshner B, Guyatt G: A methodological frame-work for assessing health indices. J Chronic Dis 1985:38:27.
79. Bergner M, Rothman ML: Health status measures: an overview and guide for selection. Ann Rev Public Health 1987;8:191.
80. Gilson BS, Erickson D, Chavez C, et al. A Chicano version of the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP). Cult Med Psychiatry 1980;4:137.
81. Deyo RA: Pitfalls in measuring the health status of Mexican Americans: comparative validity of the English and Spanish Sickness Impact Profile. Am J Public Health 1984; 74:569.
82. Kurtin PS, Davies AR, Meyer KB, et al. Patient- based health status measures in outpatient dialysis: early experiences in developing an outcomes assessment program. Med Care 1992;30:MS136.
83. McHorney CA, Kosinski M, Ware JE: Comparisons of the costs and quality of norms for the SF-36 Survey collected by mail versus telephone interview: results from a national survey. Manuscript under review.
84. Siemiatycki J: A comparison of mail, telephone, and home interview strategies for household health surveys. Am J Public Health 1979;69:238.
85. O’Toole BI, Battistutta D, Long A, et al. A comparison of costs and data quality of three health survey methods: mail, telephone, and personal home interview. Am J Epidem 1986:124:317.
86. Cronbach LJ: Further evidence on response sets and test design. Educ Psychol Meas 1950; 10:3.
87. Ware JE. Effects of acquiescent response set on patient satisfaction ratings. Med Care 1978:16:327.
88. Winkler JD, Kanouse DE, Ware JE: Controlling for acquiescence response set in scale development. J Appl Psychol 1982:67:555.
89. Katz S, Akpom CA: A measure of primary socio- biological functions. Int J Health Serv 1976:6:493.