Pure midbrain infarction: Clinical syndromes, MRI, and etiologic patterns

Neurology

Volumn 44, Issue 11, 1994, Pages 2032-2040

  Bogousslavsky, Julien ^a   Maeder, Philippe ^a   Regli, Franco ^a   Meuli, Reto ^a  

^a LAUSANNE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; ATAXIA; BASILAR ARTERY; BRAIN ANGIOGRAPHY; BRAIN INFARCTION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; EYE MOVEMENT DISORDER; FEMALE; GAZE PARALYSIS; HEMIPARESIS; HUMAN; MALE; MESENCEPHALON; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OPHTHALMOPLEGIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STROKE;

AGED; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MESENCEPHALON; MIDDLE AGED; OCULOMOTOR NERVE;

EID: 0028081666     PISSN: 00283878     EISSN: 1526632X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1212/wnl.44.11.2032     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Pullicino PM. Diagrams of perforating artery territories in axial, coronal and sagittal planes. I. In: Pullicino PM, Caplan LK, Hommel M, eds. Cerebral small artery disease. Advances in neurology, vol 62. New York: Raven Press, 1993:41–72.
2. Achard C, Lévi L. Paralysie totale et isolée du moteur oculaire commun par foyer de ramollissement pédonculaire. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1901;646–648.
3. Claude H, Loyez Mlle. Ramollissement du noyau rouge. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1912;23:49–51.
4. Souques S, Crouzon C, Bertrand I. Révision du syndrome de Benedikt. A propos de l’autopsie d’un cas de ce syndrome. Forme trémo-choréo-athétoïde et hypertonique du syndrome du noyau rouge. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1930;2:377–417.
5. Harrington RB, Hollenhorst RW, Sayre GP. Unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Report of a case including pathology. Arch Neurol 1966;15:29–34.
6. Jenkyn LR, Margolis G, Reeves AG. Reflex vertical gaze and the medial longitudinal fasciculus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1978;41:1084–1091.
7. Collard M, Saint-Val C, Mohr M, Kiesman M. Paralysie isolée du nerf oculaire commun par infarctus de ses fibres fasciculaires. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1990;146:128–132.
8. Pierrot-Deseilligny C, Schaison M, Bousser MG, Brunet P. Syndrome nucléaire du nerf moteur oculaire commun. A propos de 2 observations cliniques. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1981;137:217–222.
9. Bogousslavsky J, Regli F. Nuclear and prenuclear syndrome of the oculomotor nerve. Neuro-Ophthalmology 1983;4:211–216.
10. Bogousslavsky J, Regli F, Ghika J, Hungerbühler JP. Intemu-clear ophthalmoplegia, prenuclear paresis of contralateral superior rectus, and bilateral ptosis. J Neurol 1983;230:197–203.
11. Nadeau SE, Trobe JD. Pupil sparing in oculomotor palsy: a brief review. Ann Neurol 1983;13:143–148.
12. Coppeto JR. Superior oblique paresis and contralateral Horner’s syndrome. Ann Ophthalmol 1983;15:681–683.
13. Biller J, Shapiro R, Evans LS, Haag JR, Fine M. Oculomotor nuclear complex infarction. Clinical and radiological correlation. Arch Neurol 1984;41:985–987.
14. Rousseaux M, Petit H, Combelles G Guieu JD. Infarctus pédonculaire médian d’évolution régressive. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1984;140:59–62.
15. Iwatsubo T, Iwata M, Inone K, Mannen T. Imagerie par résonance magnétique dans un cas d’infarctus mésencéphalique paramédian. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1987;143:605–607.
16. Hopf HC, Gutmann L. Diabetic 3rd nerve palsy: evidence for a mesencephalic lesion. Neurology 1990;40:1041–1045.
17. Castro O, Johnson LN, Marmourian AC. Isolated inferior oblique paresis from brain-stem infarction: perspective on oculomotor fascicular organization in the ventral midbrain tegmentum. Arch Neurol 1990;47:235–237.
18. Breen LA, Hopf HC, Farris BK, Gutmann L. Pupil-sparing oculomotor nerve palsy due to midbrain infarction. Arch Neurol 1991;48:105–106.
19. Liu GT, Carrazana EJ, Charness ME. Unilateral oculomotor palsy and bilateral ptosis from paramedian midbrain infarction. Arch Neurol 1991;48:983–986.
20. Milandre L, Peretti P, Gouirand R, Khalil R. Paralysie du nerf moteur oculaire commun et hémisyndrome cérébelleux contralatéral (syndrome de Claude). Deux cas par infarctus mésencéphalique. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1992;148:225–229.
21. Kim JS. Trigeminal sensory symptoms due to midbrain lesions. Eur Neurol 1993;33:218–220.
22. Okuda B, Tachibana H, Sugita M, Maeda Y. Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and tremor from a midbrain infarction. Stroke 1993;24:481–482.
23. Façon E, Stériade M, Wertheim N. Hypersomnie prolongée engendrée par des lésions bilatérales du système activateur médial. Le syndrome thrombotique de la bifurcation du tronc basilaire. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1958;98:117–133.
24. Caplan LR. “Top of the basilar” syndrome. Neurology 1980;30:72–79.
25. Gaymard B, Saudeau D, de Toffol B, Larmande P, Autret A. Two mesencephalic lacunar infarcts presenting as Claude’s syndrome and pure motor hemiparesis. Eur Neurol 1991;31:152–155.
26. Yasuda Y, Morita T, Okada T, Seko S, Akiguchi I, Kimura J. Cheiro-oral-pedal syndrome. Eurol Neurol 1992;32:106–108.
27. Bogousslavsky J, Van Melle G, Regli F, for the Lausanne Stroke Registry Group. The Lausanne Stroke Registry: analysis of 1,000 consecutive patients with first stroke. Stroke 1988;19:1083–1092.
28. Bogousslavsky J, Regli F, Maeder P, Meuli R, Nader J. The etiology of posterior circulation infarcts: a prospective study using magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography. Neurology 1993;43:1528–1533.
29. Benson DF, Tomlinson EB. Hemiplegic syndrome of the posterior cerebral artery. Stroke 1971;2:559–564.
30. Bogousslavsky J, Regli F, Uske A. Thalamic infarcts: clinical syndromes, etiology, and prognosis. Neurology 1988;38:837–848.
31. Hommel M, Besson G, Poliak P, Kahane P, Le Bas JF, Perret J. Hemiplegia in posterior cerebral artery occlusion. Neurology 1990;40:1496–1499.
32. Chambers BR, Brooder RJ, Donnan GA. Proximal posterior cerebral artery occlusion simulating middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurology 1991;41:385–390.
33. Hommel M, Moreaud O, Besson G, Perret J. Site of arterial occlusion in the hemiplegic posterior cerebral artery syndrome. Neurology 1991;41:604–605.
34. Tatemichi TK, Steinke W, Duncan C, et al. Paramedial tha-lamo-peduncular infarction: clinical syndromes and MRI. Ann Neurol 1992;32:162–171.
35. Guillain G, Bertrand Y, Péron P. Le syndrome de l’artère cérébelleuse supérieure. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1928;2:835–843.
36. Kase CS, White JL, Joslyn JN, Williams JP, Mohr JP. Cerebellar infarction in the superior cerebellar artery distribution. Neurology 1985;35:705–711.
37. Guy JR, Leo R. Ipsilateral Homer’s syndrome and contralateral IV nerve paresis: a lesion of the IV nerve nucleus? [abstract]. Neurology 1986;36(suppl 1):249.
38. Amarenco P, Hauw J-J. Cerebellar infarction in the territory of the superior cerebellar artery: a clinicopathologic study of 33 cases. Neurology 1990;40:1383–1390.
39. Struck LK, Biller J, Bruno A, et al. Superior cerebellar artery territory infarction. Cerebrovasc Dis 1991;1:71–75.
40. Yasuda Y, Akiguchi I, Kameyama M. Crossed innervation of the superior rectus. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1991;93:211–215.
41. Hommel M, Bogousslavsky J. The spectrum of vertical gaze palsy following unilateral brainstem stroke. Neurology 1991;41:1229–1234.
42. Loeb C, Meyer JS. Strokes due to vertebrobasilar diseases. Springfield, Illinois: CC Thomas, 1965.
43. Bogousslavsky J, Regli F. Atteinte intra-axiale du nerf moteur oculaire commun dans les infarctus mésencéphaliques. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1984;140:263–270.
44. Ksiazek SM, Repka MX, Maguire A, et al. Divisional oculomotor nerve paresis caused by intrinsic brainstem disease. Ann Neurol 1989;26:714–718.
45. Leys D, Nègre A, Rondepierre P, Soto Ares G, Godefroy O. Small infarct limited to the ventromedial part of the red nucleus: partial, transient and isolated unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy. Cerebrovasc Dis 1992;2:378–379.
46. Kumar P, Ahmed I. Pupil-sparing oculomotor palsy due to midbrain infarction [letter]. Arch Neurol 1992;49:348.
47. Kim JS, Kang JK, Lee SA, Lee MC. Isolated or predominant ocular motor nerve palsy as a manifestation of brainstem stroke. Stroke 1993;24:581–586.
48. Von Cramon D. Bilateral cerebellar dysfunctions in a unilateral mesodiencephalic lesion. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1981;44:361–363.
49. Geller TJ, Bellur SN. Peduncular hallucinosis: MRI confirmation of mesencephalic infarction during life. Ann Neurol 1987;21:602–604.
50. Meienberg O, Mumenthaler M, Karbowski K. Quadriparesis and nuclear oculomotor palsy with total bilateral ptosis mimicking coma. A mesencephalic “locked-in syndrome”? Arch Neurol 1979;36:708–710.
51. Uematsu D, Suematsu M, Ebihara SI, Fukuuchi Y, Gotch F. Midbrain locked-in state with oculomotor subnucleus lesions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1985;48:952–953.
52. Bogousslavsky J. Syndromes oculomoteurs résultant de lésions mésencéphaliques chez l’homme. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1989;145:546–559.
53. Marshall RS, Sacco RL, Kreuger R, Odel JG, Mohr JP. Dissociated vertical nystagmus and intemuclear ophthalmoplegia from a midbrain infarction. Arch Neurol 1991;48:1304–1305.
54. Ono S, Inoue K. Cheiro-oral syndrome following midbrain hemorrhage. J Neurol 1985;232:304–306.
55. Azouvi P, Tongeron A, Hussonois C, Schouman-Claeys E, Bussel B, Held JP. Pure sensory stroke due to a midbrain hemorrhage limited to the spinothalamic pathways. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989;52:1427–1428.