Genetic Variation of HIV Type 1 in Four World Health Organization-Sponsored Vaccine Evaluation Sites: Generation of Functional Envelope (Glycoprotein 160) Clones Representative of Sequence Subtypes A, B, C, and E

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

Volumn 10, Issue 11, 1994, Pages 1359-1368

  Gao, Feng ^a   Yue, Ling ^a   Craig, Stevenson ^a   Thornton, Charlotte L ^a   Robertson, David L ^b   Mccutchan, Francine E ^c   Bradac, James A ^d   Sharp, Paul M ^b   Hahn, Beatrice H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^c WALTER REED ARMY INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH   (United States)

^d Vector Biology Section   (United States)

^e WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GLYCOPROTEIN GP 120; GLYCOPROTEIN GP 160;

ARTICLE; GENE AMPLIFICATION; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; MOLECULAR CLONING; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VIRAL GENETICS; VIRUS ENVELOPE;

AIDS VACCINES; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; BASE SEQUENCE; BRAZIL; CLONING, MOLECULAR; DNA PRIMERS; DNA, VIRAL; GENE PRODUCTS, ENV; HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120; HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP160; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMAN; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PHYLOGENY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PROTEIN PRECURSORS; RWANDA; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY, AMINO ACID; SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S.; THAILAND; UGANDA; VARIATION (GENETICS); WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 0028077123     PISSN: 08892229     EISSN: 19318405     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/aid.1994.10.1359     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Hahn BH: Viral genes and their products. In: Textbook on AIDS Medicine. Broder S, Merigan T, and Bolognesi D (Eds.). Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1994, pp. 21–43.
2. Letvin NL: Vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus—progress and prospects. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1400–1405.
3. Fast P and Walker MC: Human trials of experimental vaccines. AIDS 1993; 7(Supplement 1):S147–S159.
4. Maddon PJ, Dalgleish AG, McDougal JS, Clapham PR, Weiss RA, and Axel R: The T4 gene encodes the AIDS virus receptor and is expressed in the immune system and brain. Cell 1986; 47: 333–348.
5. McDougal JS, Kennedy MS, Sligh JM, Cort SP, Mawle A, and Nicholson JK: Binding of HTLV-III/LAV to T4+ T cells by a complex of the 11 OK viral protein and the T4 molecule. Science 1986; 231: 382–385.
6. Moore JP, Jameson BA, Weiss RA, and Sattentau QJ: The HIV cell fusion reaction. In: Viral Fusion Mechanisms. Bentz J (Ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1993, pp. 233–289.
7. Hunter E and Swanstrom R: Retrovirus envelope glycoproteins. In: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Vogt P and Swanstrom R (Eds.). Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990, pp. 187–253.
8. Modrow S, Hahn BH, Shaw GM, Gallo RC, Wong-Staal F, and Wolf H: Computer-assisted analysis of envelope protein sequences of seven human immunodeficiency virus isolates: Prediction of antigenic epitopes in conserved and variable domains. J Virol 1987; 61: 570–578.
9. Leigh Brown AJ: Sequence variability in human immunodeficiency viruses: Pattern and process in viral evolution. AIDS 1991; 5(Supplement 2):S35–S42.
10. Wain-Hobson S: The fastest genome evolution ever described: HTV variation in situ. Curr Opin Gen 1993; 3: 878–883.
11. Kusumi K, Conway B, Cunningham S, Berson A, Evans C, Iversen AKN, Colvin D, Gallo MV, Coutre S, Shpaer EG, Faulkner DV, deRonde A, Volkman S, Williams C, Hirsch MS, and Mullins JI: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope gene structure and diversity in vivo and after cocultivation in vitro. J Virol 1992; 66: 875–885.
12. Myers G, Korber BTM, Smith RF, Berzofsky JA, and Pavlakis GN: Human Retroviruses and AIDS 1993. Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico, 1993.
13. Sharp PM, Robertson DL, Gao F, and Hahn BH: Origins and diversity of human immunodeficiency viruses. AIDS 1994; 4(Supplement 1):S27–S42.
14. Louwagie J, McCutchan F, Peeters M, Brennan TP, Sanders-Buell E, Eddy GA, van der Groen G, Fransen K, Gershy-Damet G-M, Deleys R, and Burke DS: Phylogenetic analysis of gag genes from 70 international HIV-1 isolates provides evidence for multiple genotypes. AIDS 1993; 7: 769–780.
15. Gürtler L, Eberle J, von Brunn A, Knapp S, Hauser HP, Zekeng L, Tsague JM, Selegny E, and Kaptue L: A new subtype of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (MVP5180) from Cameroon. J Virol 1994; 68: 1581–1585.
16. Vanden Haesevelde M, DeCourt J-L, De Leys RJ, Vanderborght B, van der Groen G, Van Heuverswijn G, and Saman E: Genomic cloning and complete sequence analysis of a highly divergent African human immunodeficiency virus isolate. J Virol 1994; 68: 1586–1596.
17. Salminen M, Nykanen A, Brummer-Korenkontio H, Kantanen ML, Litsola K, and Leinikki P: Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 based on phylogenetic analysis of in vivo gag p7/p9 direct sequences. Virology 1993; 195: 185–194.
18. Kowalski ML, Potz J, Basiripour L, Dorfman T, Goh WC, Terwilliger E, Dayton A, Rosen C, Haseltine W, and Sodroski J: Functional regions of the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Science 1987; 237: 1351–1355.
19. Thali M, Furman C, Ho DD, Robinson J, Tiley S, Pinter A, and Sodroski J: Discontinuous conserved neutralization epitopes overlapping the CD4-binding region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gpl20 envelope glycoprotein. J Virol 1992; 66: 5635–5641.
20. Thali M, Moore JP, Furman C, Charles M, Ho DD, Robinson J, and Sodroski J: Characterization of conserved human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gpl20 neutralization epitopes exposed upon gpl20-CD4 binding. J Virol 1993; 67: 3978–3988.
21. Thali M, Olshevsky U, Furman C, Gabuzda D, Posner M, and Sodroski J: Characterization of a discontinuous human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gpl20 epitope recognized by a broadly reactive neutralizing human monoclonal antibody. J Virol 1991;65: 6188–6193.
22. Moore JP, Sattentau QJ, Wyatt R, and Sodroski J: Probing the structure of the human immunodeficiency virus surface glycoprotein gpl20 with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. J Virol 1994; 68: 469–484.
23. Wyatt R, Thali M, Tilley S, Pinter A, Posner M, Ho DD, Robinson J, and Sodroski J: Relationship of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gpl20 third variable loop to a component of the CD4 binding site in the fourth conserved region. J Virol 1992; 66: 6997–7004.
24. Moore JP, Thali M, Jameson BA, Vignaux F, Lewis GK, Poon S-W, Charles M, Fung MS, Sun B, Durda PJ, Akerblom L, Wahren B, Ho DD, Sattentau QJ, and Sodroski J: Immunochemical analysis of the gpl20 surface glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: Probing the structure of the C4 and V4 domains and the interaction of the C4 domain with the V3 loop. J Virol 1993; 67: 4785–4796.
25. WHO Network for HIV Isolation and Characterization: HIV type 1 variation in World Health Organization-sponsored vaccine evaluation sites: Genetic screening, sequence analysis, and preliminary biological characterization of selected viral strains. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1994; 10: 1327–1343.
26. de Wolf F, Hogervorst E, Goudsmit J, Fenyö E-M, Riibsamen-Waigmann H, Holmes H, Galvao-Castro B, Karita E, Wasi C, Sempala SDK, Baan E, Zorgdrager F, Lukashov V, Osmanov S, Kuiken C, Cornelissen M, and the WHO Network for HIV Isolation and Characterization: Syncytium-inducing and non-syncytium-inducing capacity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes other than B: phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1994; 10: 1387–1400.
27. Maniatis T, Fritsch EF, and Sambrook J: Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, 1982, pp. 269–295.
28. Fuerst TR, Niles EG, Studier FW, and Moss B: Eukaryotic transient-expression system based on recombinant vaccinia virus that synthesizes bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA 1986; 83: 8122–8126.
29. Faulkner DM and Jurka J: Multiple aligned sequence editor (MASE). Trends Biochem Sci 1988; 13: 321–322.
30. Higgins DG and Sharp PM: Fast and sensitive multiple sequence alignments on a microcomputer. Comp Appl Biosci 1989; 5: 151–153.
31. Kimura M: A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparitive studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 1980; 16: 111–120.
32. Saitou N and Nei M: The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 1987; 4: 406–425.
33. Felsenstein J: Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 1985; 39: 783–791.
34. Higgins DG, Bleasby AJ, and Fuchs R: CLUSTAL V: Improved software for multiple sequence alignment. Comp Appl Biosci 1992; 8: 189–191.
35. Felsenstein J: PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package) Version 3.5c. Distributed by the author, Department of Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 1992.
36. Korber BTM, Osmanov S, Esparza J, Myers G, and the WHO Network for HIV Isolation and Characterization: The World Health Organization Global Programme on AIDS Proposal for Standardization of HIV Sequence Nomenclature. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1994; 10: 1355–1358.
37. Miller MA, Mietzner TA, Cloyd MW, Robey WG, and Montelaro RC: Identification of a calmodulin-binding and inhibitory peptide domain in the HIV-1 transmembrane glycoprotein. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1993; 9: 1057–1066.
38. Leonard CK, Spellman MW, Riddle L, Harris RJ, Thomas JN, and Gregory TJ: Assignment of intrachain disulfide bonds and characterization of potential glycosylation sites of the type 1 recombinant human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein (gpl20) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 10373–10382.
39. Oram JD, Downing RG, Roff M, Clegg JCS, Serwadda D, and Carswell JW: Nucleotide sequence of a Ugandan HIV-1 provirus reveals genetic diversity of other HIV-1 isolates. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1990; 6: 1073–1078.
40. Cheng-Mayer C, Homsy J, Evans LA, and Levy JA: Identification of human immunodeficiency virus subtypes with distinct patterns of sensitivity to serum neutralization. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA 1988; 85: 2815–2819.
41. Getchell JP, Hicks DR, Stinivasan A, Heath JL, York DA, Malonga M, Forthal DN, Mann JM, and McCormick JB: Human immunodeficiency virus isolated from a serum sample collected in 1976 in Central Africa. J Infect Dis 1987; 156: 833–837.
42. Louwagie J, Delwart EL, Mullins JI, McCutchan FE, Eddy G, and Burke DS: Genetic analysis of HIV-1 isolates from Brazil reveals presence of two distinct genetic subtypes. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1994; 10: 561–567.
43. McCutchan FE, Hegerich PA, Brennan TP, Phanuphak P, Singharaj P, Jugsudee A, Berman PW, Gray AM, Fowler AK, and Burke DS: Genetic variants of HIV-1 in Thailand. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1992; 8: 1887–1895.
44. Ou C-Y, Takebe Y, Weniger BG, Luo C-C, Kalish ML, Auwanit W, Yamazaki S, Gayle GD, Young NL, and Schochetman G: Independent introduction of two major HIV-1 genotypes into distinct high-risk populations in Thailand. Lancet 1993; 341: 1171–1174.
45. Grez M, Dietrich U, Balfe P, von Briesen H, Maniar JK, Mahambre G, Delwart EL, Mullins JI, and Rübsamen-Waigmann H: Genetic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) mixed infections in India reveals a recent spread of HIV-1 and HTV-2 from a single ancestor for each of these viruses. J Virol 1994; 68: 2161–2168.
46. Orloff GM, Kalish ML, Chiphangwi J, Potts KE, Ou C-Y, Schochetman G, Dallabetta G, Saah AI, and Miotti PG: V3 loops of HIV-1 specimens from pregnant women in Malawi uniformly lack a potential N-linked glycosylation site. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1993; 9: 705–706.
47. Murphy E, Korber BTM, Georges-Courbot, M-C, You B, Pinter A, Cook D, Kieny M-P, Georges A, Mathiot C, Barre-Sinoussi F, and Girard M: Diversity of V3 region sequence of human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 from the Central African Republic. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1993; 9: 997–1006.
48. Wolinsky SM, Wike CM, Korber BTM, Hutto C, Parks WP, Rosenblum LL, Kunstman KJ, Furtado MR, and Munoz JL: Selective transmissions of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 variants from mother to infants. Science 1992; 255: 1134–1137.
49. Lasky LA, Nakamura G, Smith DH, Fennie C, Shimasaki C, Patzer E, Berman P, Gregory T, and Capon DJ: Delineation of a region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp 120 critical for interaction with the CD4 receptor. Cell 1987; 47: 333–348.
50. Ho DD, McKeating JA, Li XL, Moudgil T, Daar ES, Sun NC, Robinson JE: Conformational epitope on gpl20 important in CD4 binding and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralization identified by a human monoclonal antibody. J Virol 1991; 65: 489–491.