The renin-angiotensin system in the heart and vascular wall: New therapeutic aspects

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 1994, Pages S6-S13

  Falkenhahn, Mechthild ^a   Gohlke, Peter ^a   Paul, Martin ^a   Stoll, Monika ^a   Unger, Thomas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

ACE inhibitors; Cardiovascular disease; Heart; Renin angiotensin system; Vascular wall

Indexed keywords

ANGIOTENSIN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR;

CAPILLARY PROLIFERATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CORONARY ARTERY BLOOD FLOW; DNA POLYMORPHISM; ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; HEART EJECTION FRACTION; HEART INFARCTION; HEART MUSCLE CONTRACTILITY; HEART MUSCLE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEART VENTRICLE WALL; HYPERTENSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; RISK FACTOR; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM;

ANGIOTENSIN II; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; ANIMAL; CARDIOMEGALY; CORONARY DISEASE; ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; HEART FAILURE, CONGESTIVE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; MYOCARDIUM; PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM;

EID: 0027946612     PISSN: 01602446     EISSN: 15334023     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005344-199406242-00003     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. Campbell D. Tissue renin-angiotensin system: Sites of angiotensin formation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1987;10(suppl 7):S1-8.
2. Dzau V. Circulating versus local renin-angiotensin system in cardiovascular homeostasis. Circulation 1988;77(suppl I):4-12.
3. Unger Th, Badoer E, Ganten D, Lang R, Rettig R. Brain angiotensin: Pathways and pharmacology. Circulation 1988; 77(suppl I): 140-54.
4. Hayduk K, Boucher R, Genest J. Renin activity and content in various tissues in dogs under different pathophysiological states. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1970;134:252-5.
5. Dzau VJ, Re RN. Evidence for the existence of renin in the heart. Circulation 1987;73(suppl I): 134-6.
6. Dzau VJ, Brody T, Ellison KE, Pratt RE, Ingelfinger JR. Tissue-specific regulation of renin expression in the mouse. Hypertension 1987;9(suppl 3):36-41.
7. Susuki F, Heilman W, Paul M, Ludwig G, Lindpainter K, Ganten D. Renin gene expression in rat tissue: A new quantitative assay method for renin mRNA using synthetic cRNA. Clin Exp Hypertens 1988;A10:345-59.
8. Šamani NJ, Morgan K, Brammar WJ, Swales JD. Detection of renin messenger RNA in rat tissue: Increased sensitivity using an RNAse protection technique. J Hypertens 1987;5 S19-S21.
9. Kunapuli SP, Kumar A. Molecular cloning of human angiotensin cDNA and evidence for the presence of its mRNA in the rat heart. Circ Res 1987;60:786-90.
10. Paul M, Wagner D, Metzger R, et al. Quantification of mRNA in various mouse tissues by a novel solution hybridization assay. J Hypertens 1988;6:247-52.
11. Dzau VJ, Ellison KE, Brody T, Ingelfmger J, Pratt R. A comparative study of the distribution of renin and angioten-sinogen messenger ribonucleic acids in rat and mouse tissues. Endocrinology 1987;120:2334-8.
12. Eggena P, Krall F, Eggena M, Clegg K, Fittingoff M, Barrett J. Production of angiotensinogen by cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Clin Exp Hypertens [Λ] 1990;12:1175-89.
13. Cassis L, Lynch K, Peach M. Localization of angiotensinogen messenger RNA in rat aorta. Circ Res 1988;62:1259-62.
14. Naftilan A, Zuo WM, Inglefinger J, Ryan Th, Pratt R, Dzau V. Localization and differential regulation of angiotensinogen mRNA expression in the vessel wall. J Clin Invest 1991;87:1300-1311.
15. Loudon M, Bing H, Thurston H, Swales J. Arterial wall uptake of renal renin and blood pressure control. Hypertension 1983;5:629-32.
16. Rogerson F, Chai S, Schlawe I, Murray W. Marley Ph. Mendelsohn F. Presence of angiotensin converting enzyme in the adventitia of large blood vessels. J Hypertens 1992;10:615-20.
17. Okunishi H, Miyazaki M, Okamura T1 Toda N. Different distribution of two types of angiotensin Il-generating enzymes in the aortic wall. Biochem Biophys Res Commurt 1987;149:1186-92.
18. Velletri P, Bean B. The effect of captopril on rat aortic angiotensin-converting enzyme. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1982;8:315-25.
19. Gohlke P, Brunning P, Unger Th. Distribution and metabolism of angiotensin I and 11 in the blood vessel wall. Hypertension 1992;20:151-7.
20. Pinto J, Viglione P, Saavedra J. Autoradiographic localization and quantification of rat heart angiotensin-converting enzyme. Am J Hypertens 1991;4:321-6.
21. Yamada H, Fabris B, Allen A, Jackson B, Johnston C, Mendelsohn F. Localization of angiotensin converting enzyme in rat heart. Circ Res 1991;68:141-9.
22. Danilov S, Faerman A, Printseva O, Martynov A, Sakharov I, Trakht I. Immunohistochemical study of angiotensin-converting enzyme in human tissues using monoclonal antibodies. Histochemistry 1987;87:487-90.
23. Allen A, Yamada H, Mendelsohn F. In vitro autoradiographic localization of binding to angiotensin receptors in the rat heart. Int J Cardiol 1990;28:25-33.
24. Saito K, Gutkind J, Saavedra J. Angiotensin II binding sites in the conducting system of rat hearts. Am J Physiol 1987;253:H1618-22.
25. Rogers T. High affinity angiotensin II receptors in myocardial sarcolemmal membranes. J Biol Chem 1984;259:8106-14.
26. Rogers T, Gaa S, Allen I. Identification and characterization of functional angiotensin II receptors on cultured heart myocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1986;236:438-44.
27. Urata H, Healy B, Stewart R, Bumpus F. Angiotensin II receptors in normal and failing human hearts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989;69:54-66.
28. Baker K, Campanile C, Trachte G, Peach M. Identification and characterization of the rabbit angiotensin II myocardial receptor. Circ Res 1984;54:286-93.
29. Baker K, Singer H. Identification and characterization of guinea pig angiotensin II ventricular and atrial receptors: Coupling to inositol phosphate production. Circ Res 1988;62 896-904.
30. Dzau V. Cardiac renin-angiotensin system. Molecular and functional aspects. Am J Med 1988;84(suppl 3A):22-7.
31. Hirsch A, Talsness C, Schunkert H, Paul M, Dzau V. Tissue-specific activation of cardiac angiotensin converting enzyme in experimental heart failure. Circ Res 1991;69475-482.
32. Unger Th, Ganten D, Lang RE, Scholkens B. Is tissue converting enzyme inhibition a determinant of the antihypertensive efficacy of converting enzyme inhibitors? Studies with two different compounds, Hoe498 and MK421, in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1984;6 872-80.
33. Unger Th, Gohlke P, Paul M, Rettig R. Tissue renin-angiotensin system: Fact or fiction? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1991;18(suppl 2):S21-25.
34. Urata H, Healy B, Stewart R, Bumpus F, Husain A. Angiotensin II-forming pathways in normal and failing human hearts. Circ Res 1990;66:883-90.
35. Bruneval P, Hinglais N, Alhenc-Gelais F, et al. Angiotensin 1 converting enzyme in human intestine and kidney, Ultra-structural immunohistochemical localization. Histochemistry 1986;85:73-80.
36. Egleme C, Cressier F, Wood J. Local formation of angiotensin II in the rat aorta: Effect of endothelium. Br J Pharmacol 1990;100:237-40.
37. Pipili E, Manolopoulos V, Catravas J, Maragoudakis M. Angiotensin converting enzyme activity is present in the endothelium-denuded aorta. Br J Pharmacol 1989;98:333-5.
38. Morgan KG. Calcium and smooth muscle tone. Am J Med 1987;82(suppl 3B):9-15.
39. Neyses L, Vetter H. Action of atrial natriuretic peptide and angiotensin II on the myocardium: Studies in isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989;163:1435-3.
40. Allen I, Cohen N, Dhallan R, Gaa S, Lederer W, Rogers T. Angiotensin II increases spontaneous contractile frequency and stimulates calcium current in cultured neonatal rat heart myocytes: Insight into the underlying biochemical mechanisms. Circ Res 1988;62:524-34.
41. Dosemeci A, Dhallan R, Cohen N, Lederer W, Rogers T. Phorbol ester increases calcium current and stimulates the effects of angiotensin II on cultured neonatal rat heart myocytes. Circ Res 1988;62:347-57.
42. Freer R, Pappano A, Peach M, et al. Mechanism of the positive inotropic effect of angiotensin II on isolated cardiac muscle. CircRes 1976;39:178-83.
43. Kobayashi M, Furukawa Y, Chiba S. Positive chronotropic and inotropic effects of angiotensin II in dog heart. Eur J Pharmacol 1978;50:17-25.
44. Cohen N, Lederer W. Calcium current in isolated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. J Physiol (Lond) 1986;191:169-91.
45. Niliu B, Hess P, Lansman J, Trien R. A novel type of cardiac calcium channels in ventricular cells. Nature 1985;316 443-5.
46. Moormann J, Kirsch G, Lacerda A, Brown A. Angiotensin II modulates cardiac Na channels in neonatal rat. Circ Res 1989;65:1804-9.
47. Zimmermann B. Adrenergic facilitation by angiotensin: Does it serve a physiologic function? Clin Sci 1981;60:343-8.
48. Blumberg A, Ackerly J, Peach M. Differentiation on neurogenic and myocardial angiotensin II receptors in isolated rabbit atria. Circ Res 1976;36:719-27.
49. Xiang J, Linz W, Becker H, et al. Effects of converting enzyme inhibitors ramipril and enalapril on peptide action and sympathetic neurotransmission in the isolated heart. Eur JPharmacol 1985;113:215-23.
50. Paquet J, Baudouin-Legros M, Brunelle G, et al. Angiotensin II-induced proliferation of aortic myocytes in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 1990;8:565-72.
51. Naftilan A, Pratt R, Dzau V. Induction of platelet-derived growth factor A-chain and c-myc gene expression by angiotensin II in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest 1989;83:1419-24.
52. Kawahara Y, Sunako M, Tsuda T. Angiotensin II induces expression of the c-fos gene through protein kinase C activation and calcium ion mobilisation in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Bioehem Biophys Res Commun 1988;150:52-9.
53. Dzau V, Gibbons G, Pratt R. Molecular mechanisms of vascular renin-angiotensin system in myointimal hyperplasia. Hypertension 1991;18(suppl 2): 100-5.
54. Campbell-Boswell M, Robertson A. Effects of angiotensin II and vasopressin on human smooth muscle cells in vitro. Exp Mol Pathol 1981;35:265-76.
55. Berg B, Vekshtein V, Gordon H, et al. Angiotensin II-stimulated protein synthesis in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 1989;13:305-14.
56. Metsarinne K, Stoll M, Gohlke P, Paul M, Unger Th. Angiotensin II is antiproliferative for coronary endothelial cells in vitro. Pharm Pharmacol Lett 1992;2:150-2.
57. Unger Th, Gohlke P, Gruber M. Converting enzyme inhibitors. In: Ganten D, Mulsow P, ed. Handbook of experimental pharmacology. Vol. 93. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1990: 377-481.
58. Unger Th, Ganten D, Lang R, Schölkens B. Persistent tissue converting enzyme inhibition following chronic treatment with Hoe 498 and MK 421 in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1985;7:36-41.
59. Okamura T, Miyazaki M, Inagami T, Toda N. Vascular renin angiotensin system in two-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1986;8:560-5.
60. Gohlke P, Urbach H, Schölkens B, Unger Th. Inhibition of converting enzyme in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats after oral treatment with converting enzyme inhibitors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1989;249:609-16.
61. Gohlke P, Unger Th, Bünning P. Distribution of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril in the blood vessel wall. Pharm Pharmacol Lett 1992;2:66-9.
62. Morishita R, Higaki J, Miyazaki M, Ogihara T. Possible role of the vascular renin-angiotensin system in hypertension and vascular hypertrophy. Hypertension 1992;19(suppl 2):62-7.
63. Gohlke P, Lamberty V, Kuwer I, Bartenbach S, Schnell A, Unger Th. Vascular remodeling in hypertension. Am J Cardiol (in press).
64. Freeman G, Little W, Haywood J. Reduction of left ventricular mass in normal rats by captopril. Cardiovasc Res 1987;21:323-7.
65. Clozel J, Hefti F. Cilazapril prevents the development of cardiac hypertrophy and the decrease of coronary vascular reserve in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1988;11:568-72.
66. Dunn F, Oigman W, Ventura H, Messerli F, Kobrin I, Fröhlich E. Enalapril improves systemic and renal hemodynamics and allows regression of left ventricular mass in essential hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1984;53:105-8.
67. Unger Th, Mattfeldt T, Lamberty V, et al. Effect of early onset angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on myocardial capillaries. Hypertension 1992;20:478-82.
68. Nakashima Y, Fouad F, Tarazi R. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy from systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1984;53:1044-9.
69. Linz W, Schölkens B. A specific B2 bradykinin receptor antagonist HOE 140 abolishes the antihypertrophic effect of ramipril. Br J Pharmacol 1992;105:771-2.
70. Weber K, Brilla C. Pathological hypertrophy and cardiac interstitium. Fibrosis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Circulation 1991;83:1849-65.
71. Kato H, Suzuki H, Tajima S, et al. Angiotensin II stimulates collagen synthesis in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. J Hypertens 1991;9:7-22.
72. Zusman R. Renin and non-renin-mediated antihypertensive action of converting enzyme inhibition. Kidney Int 1984;25 969-83.
73. Palmer R, Ferrige A, Moncada S. Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Nature 1987;327:524-6.
74. Clozel J, Kuhn H, Hefti F. Effects of chronic ACE inhibition on cardiac hypertrophy and coronary vascular reserve in spontaneously hypertensive rats with developed hypertension. J Hypertens 1989;7:267-75.
75. Romankiewicz J, Brogden R, Heel R, Speight T, Avery G. Captopril: An update review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in congestive heart failure. Drugs 1983;25:6-40.
76. Pfeffer J, Pfeffer M. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and ventricular remodeling in heart failure. Am J Med 1988;84(suppl 3A):37-44.
77. Cohn J, Johnson G, Ziesche S. A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991;325 303-10.
78. The SOLVD investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991;325:293-302.
79. Linz W, Schölkens B, Han Y. Beneficial effects of the converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, in ischemic rat hearts. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1986;8(suppl 10):S91-9.
80. Li K, Chen X. Protective effects of captopril and enalapril on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion damage of rat. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1987;19:909-15.
81. Pfeffer M, Braunwald E, Moye L, et al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992;327:669-76.
82. The CONSENSUS II Study Group. Effects of the early administration of enalapril on mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992;327:678-84.
83. Pfeffer M, Lamas G, Vaughan D, Parisi A, Braunwald E. Effect of captopril on progressive ventricular dilatation after anterior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1988;319:80-6.
84. Sharpe N, Murphy J. Smith H, Hannan S. Treatment of patients with symptomless left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Lancet 1988;1:255-9.
85. Sharpe N, Smith H, Murphy J, Greaves, Hart H, Gamble Early prevention of left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction with angiotensin-converting inhibition. Lancet 1991;337:872-6.
86. Cambien F, Poirier O, Lecerf L, et al. Deletion polymorphism in the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme is a potent risk factor for myocardial infarction. Nature 1992;359:641-4.
87. Jeunemaitre X, Soubrier F, Kotelevtsev Y, et al. Molecular basis of human hypertension: Role of angiotensinogen. Cell 1992;71:169-80.
88. Chobanian A. The effects of ACE inhibitors and other antihypertensive drugs on cardiovascular risk factors and atherogenesis. Clin Cardiol 1990;13(suppl 7):43-8.
89. Powell J, Clozel J, Müller R, et al. Inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme prevent myointimal proliferation after vascular injury. Science 1989;245:186-8.
90. Farhy R, Ho K, Carretero O, Scicli G. Kinins mediate the antiproliferative effect of ramipril in rat carotid artery. Bio-chem Biophys Res Commun 1992;182:283-8.
91. Frayn K, Coppack S. Insulin resistance, adipose tissue and coronary heart disease. Clin Sci 1992;82:1-8.
92. Rocchini A. Insulin resistance and blood pressure regulation in obese and nonobese subjects: Special lecture. Hypertension 1991;17:837-42.
93. Pollare T, Lithell H, Selinus I, Berne C. Sensitivity to insulin during treatment with atenolol and metoprolol: A randomised double blind study of effects on carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism in hypertensive patients. BMJ 1989;298:1152-7.
94. Pollare T, Lithell H, Mörlin C, Prantare H, Hvarfner A, Ljunghall Metabolic effects of diltiazem and atenolol: Results from a randomized, double-blind study with parallel groups. J Hypertens 1989;7:551-9.
95. Ferrannini E, Buzzigoli G, Bonadonna R, et al. Insulin resistance in essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 1987;317 350-7.