Displacement Damage Effects in Mixed Particle Environments for Shielded Spacecraft CCDs

IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science

Volumn 40, Issue 6, 1993, Pages 1628-1637

  Dale, Cheryl ^a   Marshall, Paul ^a,b   Cummings, Brent ^c   Shamey, Louis ^c   Holland, Andrew ^d  

^a NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^b SFA INC   (United States)

^c BALL AEROSPACE AND TECHNOLOGIES CORP   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALUMINUM; CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES; CODES (SYMBOLS); ELEMENTARY PARTICLES; ENERGY DISSIPATION; IONIZATION; NEUTRONS; PROTONS; RADIATION DAMAGE; RADIATION SHIELDING; SPACECRAFT; TANTALUM;

ANALYTIC PARTICLE TRANSPORT CODE; CHARGE TRANSFER EFFICIENCY; DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE EFFECT; NONIONIZING ENERGY LOSS; SHIELDED SPACECRAFT CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES; SHOCKLEY READ HALL THEORY;

RADIATION EFFECTS;

EID: 0027812590     PISSN: 00189499     EISSN: 15581578     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/23.273497     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. J. Janesick, G. Soli, T. Elliott, and S. Collins, “The Effects of Proton Damage on Charge-Coupled Devices,” Proc. SPIE, Vol. 1447, pp. 87–108, 1991.
2. J. Janesick, T. Elliott, and F. Pool, “Radiation Damage in Scientific Charge-Coupled Devices,” IEEE Trans. on Nucl. Sci., Vol. NS-36, No.1, pp. 572–578, Feb. 1989.
3. A. Holland, A. Holmes-Siedle, B. Johlander, and L. Adams, “Techniques for Minimizing Space Proton Damage in Scientific Charge Coupled Devices,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., Vol. NS-38, No. 6, pp. 1663–1670.
4. A. Holland, “The Effect of Bulk Traps in Proton Irradiated EEV CCDs,” NIM A326, pp. 335–343, 1993.
5. G.P. Summers, E.A. Burke, C.J. Dale, E.A. Wolicki, P.W. Marshall, and M.A. Gehlhausen, “Correlation of Particle-Induced Displacement Damage in Silicon,” IEEE Trans. on Nucl. Sci., Vol. NS-34, No.6, pp. 1134–1139, Dec. 1987.
6. C.J. Dale, P.W. Marshall, E.A. Burke, G.P. Summers, and G.E. Bender, “The Generation Lifetime Damage Factor and its Variance in Silicon,” IEEE Trans. on Nucl. Sci., Vol. NS-36, No.6, pp. 1872–1881, Dec. 1989.
7. G.P. Summers, E.A. Burke, M.A. Xapsos, C.J. Dale, P.W. Marshall, and E.L. Petersen, “Displacement Damage in GaAs Structures,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., Vol. NS-35, No. 6, pp. 1221–1226, Dec. 1988.
8. C.J. Dale, P.W. Marshall, G.P. Summers, and E.A. Wolicki, “Displacement damage equivalent to dose in silicon devices,” Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 54, No. 5, pp. 451–453, Jan. 1989.
9. A.D. Holland, D.H. Lumb and C. Castelli, “Further developments of CCD X-ray detectors for astronomy,” Proc. SPIE 1159, p. 113, 1989.
10. A. Holland, A. Abbey and K. McCarthy, “Proton damage effects in EEV charge couple devices,” Proc. SPIE, Vol. 1344, p. 378, 1990.
11. Private communication with George Soli of JPL.
12. Private communication with Jim Janesick of JPL.
13. Private communication with Tom Elliott of JPL.
14. E.A. Burke, “Energy Dependence of Proton-Induced Displacement Damage in Silicon,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., Vol. NS-33, No. 6, pp. 1276–1281, Dec. 1986.
15. C.J. Dale and P.W. Marshall, “Displacement Damage in Si Imagers for Space Applications,” Proc. SPIE, Vol. 1447, pp. 70–86, 1991.
16. J.W. Wilson, L.W. Townsend, J.E. Nealy, S.Y. Chun, B.S. Hong, W.W. Buck, S.L. Lamkin, B.D. Ganapol, F. Khan, and F.A. Cucinotta, “BRYNTRN: A Baryon Transport Model,” NASA Technical Paper 2887, March 1989.
17. R. Wallace, P.G. Steward, and C. Sondhaus, “Primary- and Secondary-Proton Dose Rates in Spheres and Slabs of Tissue,” NASA SP-71, Second Symposium on Protection Against Radiations in Space, pp. 301–329, 1965.
18. Although the proton environment of the SAA is anisotropic, this effect is averaged out during a mission since most spacecraft do not have a fixed orientation.
19. J.L. Shinn, J.W. Wilson, M. Weyland, and F.A. Cucinotta, “Improvements in Computational Accuracy of BRYNTRN (A Baryon Transport Code),” NASA Technical Paper 3093, May 1991.
20. Private communication with Francis Cucinotta.
21. C.J. Dale, P.W. Marshall, B. Cummings, L. Shamey, and A. Delamere, “Spacecraft displacement damage dose calculations for shielded CCDs,” SPIE Vol. 1656, pp.476-487, 1992.
22. Some space experiments are contaminated by the gamma rays emitted as activated nuclei decay. This activation problem would be worse for Ta than Al because of the increased number of nuclear reactions per unit mass.
23. N.S. Saks, “Investigation of bulk electron traps created by fast neutron irradiation in a buried channel CCD,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., Vol. NS-24, No. 6, pp. 2153–2157, Dec 1977.
24. J.R. Srour, R.A. Hartmann and S. Othmer, “Transient and permanent effects of neutron bombardment on a commericially available n-buried channel CCD,” IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., Vol. NS-27, No. 6, pp. 1402–1410, Dec. 1980.
25. A.M. Mohsen and M.F. Tompsett, “The Effects of Bulk Traps on the Performance of Bulk Channel Charge-Coupled Devices,” IEEE Trans. El. Dev., Vol. ED-21, No. 11, pp. 701–712, Nov. 1974.
26. M. Kimata, M. Denda, N. Yutani, N. Tsubouchi and S. Uematsu, “Low-Temperature Characteristics of Buried-Channel Charge-Coupled Devices,” Jap, J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 975–980, June 1983.
27. E.K. Banghart, J.P. Lavine, E.A. Trabka, E.T. Nelson, and B.C. Burkey, “A Model for Charge Transfer in Buried-Channel Charge-Coupled Devices at Low Temperature,” IEEE Trans. El. Dev., Vol. 38, No. 5, pp. 1162–1173, May 1991.
28. M.S. Robbins, T. Roy and S.J. Watts, “ Degradation of the Charge Transfer Efficiency of a Buried Channel Charge Coupled Device Due to Radiation Damage by a Beta Source,” Proc. RADECS 91, Vol. 15, 327–332, 1991.
29. A.D. Holland, “Annealing of proton-induced displacement damage in CCDs for space use,” Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. 121, pp. 33–40, 1991.
30. S.D. Brotherton and P. Bradley, “Defect Production and Lifetime Control in Electron and γ-Irradiated Silicon,” J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 53, pp. 5720–5732, 1982.
31. G.L. Miller, D.V. Lang, and L.C. Kimerling, “Capacitance Transient Spectroscopy,” Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. 1977, pp. 377–448, 448, 1977.
32. J.W. Walker and C.T. Sah, “Properties of 1.0-MeV-Electron-Irradiated Defect Centers in Silicon,” Phys. Rev. B, Vol.7, No.10, pp. 4587–4605, 1973.
33. Private communication with Mark Bautz of MIT/Lincoln Laboratory.
34. Private communication with Tony Armstrong of SAIC.
35. T.W. Armstrong and B.L. Colborn, “A Thick-Target Radiation Transport Computer Code for Low-Mass Heavy Ion Beams,” NIM, Vol. 169, p. 161 (1980).
36. T.W. Armstrong and K.C. Chandler, “HETC, A High Energy Transport Code,” Nucl. Sci. Eng., Vol. 49, p. 110 (1972).