메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 71, Issue 1, 1993, Pages 81-95

Why do maternally inherited microorganisms kill males?

Author keywords

Cytoplasmic microorganisms; Horizontal transmission; Inbreeding avoidance; Male killing; Maternal inheritance; Resource redistribution

Indexed keywords

INBREEDING AVOIDANCE; INSECT; MALE KILLING; MICROORGANISM;

EID: 0027799543     PISSN: 0018067X     EISSN: 13652540     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1993.110     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (159)

References (100)
  • 1
    • 51249173701 scopus 로고
    • Why Do Ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Cannibalize
    • Agarwala, B. K. 1991. Why Do Ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Cannibalize? J. Biosci., 16, 103-109.
    • (1991) J. Biosci. , vol.16 , pp. 103-109
    • Agarwala, B.K.1
  • 2
    • 0013685552 scopus 로고
    • Notes On The Biology Of Oncopeltus Fasciatus (Dallas)
    • Andre, F. 1934. Notes On The Biology Of Oncopeltus Fasciatus (Dallas). Iowa State Coll. J. Sei., 9, 73-87.
    • (1934) Iowa State Coll. J. , vol.9 , pp. 73-87
    • Andre, F.1
  • 4
    • 0015384877 scopus 로고
    • Enzyme Variability In The Drosophila Willistoni Group. V. Genic Variations In Natural Population Of Drosophila Equinoxalis. Genet. Res
    • Ayala, F. J., Powell, J. R. and Tracey, M. L. 1972b. Enzyme Variability In The Drosophila Willistoni Group. V. Genic Variations In Natural Population Of Drosophila Equinoxalis. Genet. Res., Camb., 20, 19-42.
    • (1972) Camb. , vol.20 , pp. 19-42
    • Ayala, F.J.1    Powell, J.R.2    Tracey, M.L.3
  • 5
    • 0016213858 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and Reproductive Differentiation Of The Sub Species, Drosophila Equinoxalis Carribiensis
    • Ayala, F. J., Tracey, M. L., Barr, L. G. and Ehrenfeld, J. G. 1974. Genetic and Reproductive Differentiation Of The Sub Species, Drosophila Equinoxalis Carribiensis. Evolution, 28, 24-41.
    • (1974) Evolution , vol.28 , pp. 24-41
    • Ayala, F.J.1    Tracey, M.L.2    Barr, L.G.3    Ehrenfeld, J.G.4
  • 6
    • 0001381987 scopus 로고
    • An Ecological Study Of Coccinellidae (Col.) Associated With Aphis Fabae Scop, On Vicia Fabia
    • Banks, C. J. 1955. An Ecological Study Of Coccinellidae (Col.) Associated With Aphis Fabae Scop, On Vicia Fabia. Bull. Ent.Res., 46, 561-587.
    • (1955) Bull. Ent.Res. , vol.46 , pp. 561-587
    • Banks, C.J.1
  • 7
    • 84979312347 scopus 로고
    • Observations On The Behaviour and Mortality In Coccinellidae Before Dispersal From The Egg Shells. Proc. R. Ent. Soc
    • Banks, C. J: 1956. Observations On The Behaviour and Mortality In Coccinellidae Before Dispersal From The Egg Shells. Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Land.(A), 31, 56-60.
    • (1956) Land.(A) , vol.31 , pp. 56-60
    • Banks, C.J.1
  • 8
    • 0142251860 scopus 로고
    • The Abundance Of Drosophila Willistoni In Relation To Food In Natural Populations
    • Birch, L. C. and Battaglia, B. 1957. The Abundance Of Drosophila Willistoni In Relation To Food In Natural Populations. Ecology, 38, 165-166.
    • (1957) Ecology , vol.38 , pp. 165-166
    • Birch, L.C.1    Battaglia, B.2
  • 10
    • 0000774516 scopus 로고
    • Der Einfluß Des Subsozialverhaltens Der Spezialisierten Samensauger Oncopeltus Fasciatus Dali, Und Dysdercus Fasciatus Sign, Auf Ihre Ernährung
    • Bongers, J. and Eggermann, W. 1971. Der Einfluß Des Subsozialverhaltens Der Spezialisierten Samensauger Oncopeltus Fasciatus Dali, Und Dysdercus Fasciatus Sign, Auf Ihre Ernährung. Oecologia, 6, 293-302.
    • (1971) Oecologia , vol.6 , pp. 293-302
    • Bongers, J.1    Eggermann, W.2
  • 11
    • 84971160359 scopus 로고
    • All-Female Broods In Field and Laboratory Populations Of The Egyptian Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera Littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctui- Dae)
    • Brimacombe, L. C. 1980. All-Female Broods In Field and Laboratory Populations Of The Egyptian Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera Littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctui- Dae). Bull. Ent. Res., 70, 475-481.
    • (1980) Bull. Ent. Res. , vol.70 , pp. 475-481
    • Brimacombe, L.C.1
  • 12
    • 0042893829 scopus 로고
    • Population Density and Dispersal Rates In Brazilian Drosophila Willistoni
    • Burla, H., Da Cunha, A. B., Calcavanti, A. G. L., Dobzhansky, T., Pavan, C. 1950. Population Density and Dispersal Rates In Brazilian Drosophila Willistoni. Ecology, 31, 393-404.
    • (1950) Ecology , vol.31 , pp. 393-404
    • Burla, H.1    Da Cunha, A.B.2    Calcavanti, A.G.L.3    Dobzhansky, T.4    Pavan, C.5
  • 13
    • 0024183920 scopus 로고
    • Life Table Studies Of The Walnut Leaf Beetle, Gastrolina Depressa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), With Special Attention To Aggregation. Res. Popul
    • Chang, K. S. and Morimoto, N. 1988. Life Table Studies Of The Walnut Leaf Beetle, Gastrolina Depressa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), With Special Attention To Aggregation. Res. Popul. Ecol., 30, 297-313.
    • (1988) Ecol. , vol.30 , pp. 297-313
    • Chang, K.S.1    Morimoto, N.2
  • 14
    • 85008306792 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal Sex Ratio Condition In The Walnut Leaf Beetle, Gastrolina Depressa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
    • Chang, K. S., Shiraishi, T, Nakasuji, F. and Morimoto, N. 1991. Abnormal Sex Ratio Condition In The Walnut Leaf Beetle, Gastrolina Depressa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Appl. Ent. Zool., 26, 299-306.
    • (1991) Appl. Ent. Zool. , vol.26 , pp. 299-306
    • Chang, K.S.1    Shiraishi, T.2    Nakasuji, F.3    Morimoto, N.4
  • 15
    • 0020869734 scopus 로고
    • All Female Broods In Hypolimnas Bolina (L.). A Resurvey Of West Fiji After 60 Years. Biol
    • Clarke, C., Johnston, G. and Johnston, B. 1983. All Female Broods In Hypolimnas Bolina (L.). A Resurvey Of West Fiji After 60 Years. Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 19, 221-235.
    • (1983) J. Linn. Soc. , vol.19 , pp. 221-235
    • Clarke, C.1    Johnston, G.2    Johnston, B.3
  • 16
    • 0016782240 scopus 로고
    • All Female Broods In The Butterfly Hypolimnas Bolina (L.)
    • Clarke, C., Sheppard, P. M. and Scali, V. 1975. All Female Broods In The Butterfly Hypolimnas Bolina (L.) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B., 189, 29-37.
    • (1975) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. , vol.189 , pp. 29-37
    • Clarke, C.1    Sheppard, P.M.2    Scali, V.3
  • 17
    • 0014924663 scopus 로고
    • On The Potential For Genetic Variability In Haplodiploidy
    • Crozier, R. H. 1970. On The Potential For Genetic Variability In Haplodiploidy. Genetica, 41, 551-556.
    • (1970) Genetica , vol.41 , pp. 551-556
    • Crozier, R.H.1
  • 18
    • 84970582794 scopus 로고
    • The Bionomics, Distribution and Host Range Of The Light Brown Apple Moth, Epiphyas Post- Vittana (Walk.) (Tortricidae)
    • Danthanarayana, W. 1975. The Bionomics, Distribution and Host Range Of The Light Brown Apple Moth, Epiphyas Post- Vittana (Walk.) (Tortricidae). Aust. J. Zool., 23, 419-437.
    • (1975) Aust. J. Zool. , vol.23 , pp. 419-437
    • Danthanarayana, W.1
  • 19
    • 0002241033 scopus 로고
    • Population Ecology Of The Light Brown Apple Moth, Epiphyas Postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
    • Danthanarayana, W. 1983. Population Ecology Of The Light Brown Apple Moth, Epiphyas Postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J. Anim. Ecol., 52, 1-33.
    • (1983) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.52 , pp. 1-33
    • Danthanarayana, W.1
  • 20
    • 84966153139 scopus 로고
    • Genetic-Ecologic Correlations In The Enzyme Variability Of Drosophila Willistoni
    • De Borba, C. M. B. and Napp, M. 1986. Genetic-Ecologic Correlations In The Enzyme Variability Of Drosophila Willistoni. Rev. Bras, De Gen., 9, 593-614.
    • (1986) Rev. Bras, De Gen. , vol.9 , pp. 593-614
    • De Borba, C.M.B.1    Napp, M.2
  • 21
    • 0006607078 scopus 로고
    • Life History and Population Consequences Of Density, Photo-Period, and Temperature In A Migrant Insect, The Milkweed Bug, Oncopeltus
    • Dingle, H. 1968. Life History and Population Consequences Of Density, Photo-Period, and Temperature In A Migrant Insect, The Milkweed Bug, Oncopeltus. Am. Nat., 102, 149-163.
    • (1968) Am. Nat. , vol.102 , pp. 149-163
    • Dingle, H.1
  • 22
    • 0011187270 scopus 로고
    • Factors Limiting The Effectiveness Of The Coccinellid Beetle, Adalia Bipunctata (L.), As A Predator Of The Sycamore Aphid Drepanosiphum Platanoides (Sehr.)
    • Dixon, A. F. G. 1970. Factors Limiting The Effectiveness Of The Coccinellid Beetle, Adalia Bipunctata (L.), As A Predator Of The Sycamore Aphid Drepanosiphum Platanoides (Sehr.) J. Anim. Ecol., 39, 739-751.
    • (1970) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.39 , pp. 739-751
    • Dixon, A.F.G.1
  • 23
    • 84936688212 scopus 로고
    • A Unisexual Strain Of The Salt Marsh Caterpillar, Estigmene Acrea
    • Earle, N. W. and Macfarlane, J. 1968. A Unisexual Strain Of The Salt Marsh Caterpillar, Estigmene Acrea. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 61, 949-953.
    • (1968) Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. , vol.61 , pp. 949-953
    • Earle, N.W.1    Macfarlane, J.2
  • 24
    • 0000274411 scopus 로고
    • The Interaction Phenotype In The Drosophila Willistoni- Spiroplasma Symbiosis
    • Ebbert, M. 1991. The Interaction Phenotype In The Drosophila Willistoni- Spiroplasma Symbiosis. Evolution, 45, 971-988.
    • (1991) Evolution , vol.45 , pp. 971-988
    • Ebbert, M.1
  • 25
    • 84984138190 scopus 로고
    • The Light Brown Apple Moth, Epiphyaspostvittana (Walker). 4. Studies On Population Dynamics and Injuriousness To Apples In Australian Capital Territory. Austr
    • Geier, P. W. and Briese, D. T. 1980. The Light Brown Apple Moth, Epiphyaspostvittana (Walker). 4. Studies On Population Dynamics and Injuriousness To Apples In Australian Capital Territory. Austr. J. Ecol., 5, 63-93.
    • (1980) J. Ecol. , vol.5 , pp. 63-93
    • Geier, P.W.1    Briese, D.T.2
  • 26
    • 84984106800 scopus 로고
    • The Light Brown Apple Moth Epiphyas Postvittana (Walker). 2. Uneven Sex Ratios and A Condition Contributing To Them In The Field
    • Geier, P. W., Briese, D. T. and Lewis, T. 1978. The Light Brown Apple Moth Epiphyas Postvittana (Walker). 2. Uneven Sex Ratios and A Condition Contributing To Them In The Field. Austr. J. Ecol., 3, 467-488.
    • (1978) Austr. J. Ecol. , vol.3 , pp. 467-488
    • Geier, P.W.1    Briese, D.T.2    Lewis, T.3
  • 27
    • 0025998188 scopus 로고
    • Arscnophus Nasoniae Gen.-Nov., Sp.-Nov., The Causative Agent Of The Son Killer Trait In The Parasitic Wasp Nasonia Vitripennis
    • Gherna, R. L., Werren, J. H., Weisburg, W., Cote, R., Woese, C. R., Mandelco, L. and Brenner, D. J. 1991. Arscnophus Nasoniae Gen.-Nov., Sp.-Nov., The Causative Agent Of The Son Killer Trait In The Parasitic Wasp Nasonia Vitripennis. Int. J. Syst. Bad., 41, 563-565.
    • (1991) Int. J. Syst. Bad. , vol.41 , pp. 563-565
    • Gherna, R.L.1    Werren, J.H.2    Weisburg, W.3    Cote, R.4    Woese, C.R.5    Mandelco, L.6    Brenner, D.J.7
  • 28
    • 0024255350 scopus 로고
    • Demographic Characteristics Of The Stored Products Moth Cadra Cautella
    • Gordon, D. M. and Stewart, R. K. 1988. Demographic Characteristics Of The Stored Products Moth Cadra Cautella. J. Anim. Ecol., 57, 627-644.
    • (1988) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.57 , pp. 627-644
    • Gordon, D.M.1    Stewart, R.K.2
  • 29
    • 0002740401 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics and Agents Of Abnormal Sex Ratios (Sr) In Two Aphidophagous Coccinel- Lid Species
    • Hodek, I. (Ed.), Academia, Prague
    • Gotoh, T. and Niijima, K. 1986. Characteristics and Agents Of Abnormal Sex Ratios (Sr) In Two Aphidophagous Coccinel- Lid Species. In: Hodek, I. (Ed.), Ecology Of The Aphido- Phaga, Academia, Prague, Pp. 545-550.
    • (1986) Ecology of the Aphido- Phaga , pp. 545-550
    • Gotoh, T.1    Niijima, K.2
  • 30
    • 0000904708 scopus 로고
    • Outbreeding Via Frequency-Dependent Mate Selection In The Parasitoid Wasp, Nasonia (Mormoniella) Vitripennis Walker
    • Grant, B., Burton, S., Contoreggi, C. and Rothstein, M. 1980. Outbreeding Via Frequency-Dependent Mate Selection In The Parasitoid Wasp, Nasonia (Mormoniella) Vitripennis Walker. Evolution, 34, 983-992.
    • (1980) Evolution , vol.34 , pp. 983-992
    • Grant, B.1    Burton, S.2    Contoreggi, C.3    Rothstein, M.4
  • 31
    • 0000116179 scopus 로고
    • Age Related Flight and Reproductive Performance Of The Light Brown Apple Moth, Epiphyas Postvittana. EntomolExp
    • Gu, H. and Danthanarayana, W. 1990. Age Related Flight and Reproductive Performance Of The Light Brown Apple Moth, Epiphyas Postvittana. Entomol. Exp. Appl., 54, 109-115.
    • (1990) Appl. , vol.54 , pp. 109-115
    • Gu, H.1    Danthanarayana, W.2
  • 33
    • 0039910808 scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding Depression In An Arrhenokotous Mite, Tetranychus Urticae. Ent
    • Helle, W. 1965. Inbreeding Depression In An Arrhenokotous Mite, Tetranychus Urticae. Ent. Exp. Appl., 8, 299-304.
    • (1965) Exp. Appl. , vol.8 , pp. 299-304
    • Helle, W.1
  • 34
    • 0027060757 scopus 로고
    • Attack Strategies Of Ladybird Beetles (Coccinellidae): Factors Shaping Their Numerical Response
    • Hemptine, J-L., Dixon, A. F. G. and Coffin, J. 1992. Attack Strategies Of Ladybird Beetles (Coccinellidae): Factors Shaping Their Numerical Response. Oecologia, 90, 238-245.
    • (1992) Oecologia , vol.90 , pp. 238-245
    • Hemptine, J.-L.1    Dixon, A.F.G.2    Coffin, J.3
  • 36
    • 84966165230 scopus 로고
    • Life History Of The Salt Marsh Caterpillar (Estigmene Acrea Dru.) At Victoria, Tex
    • Hinds, W. E. 1904. Life History Of The Salt Marsh Caterpillar (Estigmene Acrea Dru.) At Victoria, Tex. U.S. Dept. Agric. Div. Entomol. Bull., 44, 80-84.
    • (1904) U.S. Dept. Agric. Div. Entomol. Bull. , vol.44 , pp. 80-84
    • Hinds, W.E.1
  • 37
    • 0000916680 scopus 로고
    • Maternally Inherited ‘Sonless’ Abnormal Sex Ratio Condition In The Ladybeetle HarmoniaAxyridis
    • Hu, K. 1979. Maternally Inherited ‘Sonless’ Abnormal Sex Ratio Condition In The Ladybeetle Harmonia Axyridis. Acta Genet. Sin., 6, 296-304.
    • (1979) Acta Genet. Sin. , vol.6 , pp. 296-304
    • Hu, K.1
  • 38
    • 0027045735 scopus 로고
    • Cytoplasmic Male Killing Elements In Adalia Bipunctata (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
    • Hurst, G. D. D., Majerus, M. E. N. and Walker, L. E. 1992. Cytoplasmic Male Killing Elements In Adalia Bipunctata (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Heredity, 69, 84-91.
    • (1992) Heredity , vol.69 , pp. 84-91
    • Hurst, G.D.D.1    Majerus, M.E.N.2    Walker, L.E.3
  • 39
    • 38249003799 scopus 로고
    • The Importance Of Cytoplasmic Male Killing Elements In Natural Populations Of The Two Spot Ladybird, Adalia Bipunctata (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
    • Hurst, G. D. D., Majerus, M. E. N. and Walker, L. E. 1993. The Importance Of Cytoplasmic Male Killing Elements In Natural Populations Of The Two Spot Ladybird, Adalia Bipunctata (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Biol. J. Linn. Soc.
    • (1993) Biol. J. Linn. Soc
    • Hurst, G.D.D.1    Majerus, M.E.N.2    Walker, L.E.3
  • 41
    • 0026330340 scopus 로고
    • The Incidences and Evolution Of Cytoplasmic Male Killers
    • Hurst, L. D. 1991. The Incidences and Evolution Of Cytoplasmic Male Killers. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B., 244, 91-99.
    • (1991) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. , vol.244 , pp. 91-99
    • Hurst, L.D.1
  • 42
    • 0027460221 scopus 로고
    • The Incidences, Mechanisms and Evolution Of Cytoplasmic Sex Ratio Distorters In Animals
    • Hurst, L. D. 1993. The Incidences, Mechanisms and Evolution Of Cytoplasmic Sex Ratio Distorters In Animals. Biol. Reviews, 68, 121-193.
    • (1993) Biol. Reviews , vol.68 , pp. 121-193
    • Hurst, L.D.1
  • 43
    • 0014800997 scopus 로고
    • The Cytoplasmically-Inherited ‘Sex-Ratio’ Condition In Natural and Experimental Populations Of Drosophila Bifasciata
    • Ikeda, H. 1970. The Cytoplasmically-Inherited ‘Sex-Ratio’ Condition In Natural and Experimental Populations Of Drosophila Bifasciata. Genetics, 65, 311-333.
    • (1970) Genetics , vol.65 , pp. 311-333
    • Ikeda, H.1
  • 44
    • 85014213951 scopus 로고
    • Notes On Hymenopterous Parasites Bred From Eggs Of Dytiscidae In Fife
    • Jackson, D. J. 1956. Notes On Hymenopterous Parasites Bred From Eggs Of Dytiscidae In Fife. J. Soc. Br. Ent., 5, 144-149.
    • (1956) J. Soc. Br. Ent. , vol.5 , pp. 144-149
    • Jackson, D.J.1
  • 45
    • 84977253381 scopus 로고
    • Observations On The Biology Of Carnaphractus Cinctus Walker (Hymenoptera: Mymari- Dae), A Parasitoid Of The Eggs Of Dytiscidae
    • Jackson, D. J. 1958. Observations On The Biology Of Carnaphractus Cinctus Walker (Hymenoptera: Mymari- Dae), A Parasitoid Of The Eggs Of Dytiscidae. I. Methods Of Rearing and Numbers Bred On Different Host Eggs. Trans. R. Ent. Soc. Lond., 110, 533-554.
    • (1958) I. Methods of Rearing and Numbers Bred on Different Host Eggs. Trans. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. , vol.110 , pp. 533-554
    • Jackson, D.J.1
  • 46
    • 84971160010 scopus 로고
    • Observations On The Biology Of Carnaphractus Cinctus Walker (Hymenoptera: Mymari- Dae), A Parasitoid Of The Eggs Of Dytiscidae. Ii. Immature Stages and Seasonal History With A Review Of Mymarid Larvae
    • Jackson, D. J. 1961. Observations On The Biology Of Carnaphractus Cinctus Walker (Hymenoptera: Mymari- Dae), A Parasitoid Of The Eggs Of Dytiscidae. Ii. Immature Stages and Seasonal History With A Review Of Mymarid Larvae. Parasitology, 51, 269-294.
    • (1961) Parasitology , vol.51 , pp. 269-294
    • Jackson, D.J.1
  • 47
    • 84977248065 scopus 로고
    • Observations On The Biology Of Carnaphractus Cinctus Walker (Hymenoptera: Mymari- Dae), A Parasitoid Of The Eggs Of Dytiscidae
    • Jackson, D. J. 1966. Observations On The Biology Of Carnaphractus Cinctus Walker (Hymenoptera: Mymari- Dae), A Parasitoid Of The Eggs Of Dytiscidae. 3. The Adult Life and Sex Ratio. Trans. R. Ent. Soc. Lond., 118, 23-49.
    • (1966) Adult Life and Sex Ratio. Trans. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. , vol.118 , pp. 23-49
    • Jackson, D.J.1
  • 48
    • 0002601475 scopus 로고
    • Sibling Cannibalism In The First InstarLarvae Of Harmonia Axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae)
    • Kawai, A. 1978. Sibling Cannibalism In The First Instar Larvae Of Harmonia Axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Kontyû, 46, 14-19.
    • (1978) Kontyû , vol.46 , pp. 14-19
    • Kawai, A.1
  • 49
    • 0001594541 scopus 로고
    • Breeding Sites Of Drosophilid Flies In and Near Sapporo, Northern Japan, With Supplementary Notes On The Adult Feeding Habits
    • Kimura, M. T., Toda, M. J., Beppu, K. and Watabe, H. 1977. Breeding Sites Of Drosophilid Flies In and Near Sapporo, Northern Japan, With Supplementary Notes On The Adult Feeding Habits. Kontyû, 45, 571-582.
    • (1977) Kontyû , vol.45 , pp. 571-582
    • Kimura, M.T.1    Toda, M.J.2    Beppu, K.3    Watabe, H.4
  • 50
    • 84977720108 scopus 로고
    • The Detection Of Parasitised Hosts By Males Of Nasonia Vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Some Possible Implications
    • King, P. E., Askew, R. R. and Sanger, C. 1969. The Detection Of Parasitised Hosts By Males Of Nasonia Vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Some Possible Implications. Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. A, 44, 85-90.
    • (1969) Proc.R. Ent. Soc. Lond. A , vol.44 , pp. 85-90
    • King, P.E.1    Askew, R.R.2    Sanger, C.3
  • 51
    • 0024909252 scopus 로고
    • Within-Harem Competition Between Ips Females, An Overlooked Component Of Density-Dependent Larval Mortality
    • Kirkendall, L. R. 1989. Within-Harem Competition Between Ips Females, An Overlooked Component Of Density-Dependent Larval Mortality. Holarct. Ecol., 12, 477-487.
    • (1989) Holarct. Ecol. , vol.12 , pp. 477-487
    • Kirkendall, L.R.1
  • 52
    • 0006256726 scopus 로고
    • Sex Ratio Condition: Unusual Mechanism In Bark Beetles
    • Lanier, G. N. and Oliver, J. H. 1966. Sex Ratio Condition: Unusual Mechanism In Bark Beetles. Science, 153, 208-209.
    • (1966) Science , vol.153 , pp. 208-209
    • Lanier, G.N.1    Oliver, J.H.2
  • 53
    • 0001704270 scopus 로고
    • Interspecific Mating and Cytological Studies Of Closely Related Species Of Ips Degeer and Orthotomidus Ferrari (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
    • Lanier, G. N. 1966. Interspecific Mating and Cytological Studies Of Closely Related Species Of Ips Degeer and Orthotomidus Ferrari (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Ent., 98, 175-188.
    • (1966) Can. Ent. , vol.98 , pp. 175-188
    • Lanier, G.N.1
  • 54
    • 0000142016 scopus 로고
    • Sex Determination In Crustacea. Biol
    • Legrand, J. J., Legrand-Hamelin, E. and Juchault, P. 1987. Sex Determination In Crustacea. Biol. Rev., 62, 439-470.
    • (1987) Rev. , vol.62 , pp. 439-470
    • Legrand, J.J.1    Legrand-Hamelin, E.2    Juchault, P.3
  • 55
    • 10244264380 scopus 로고
    • A Sex Ratio Condition In Oncopeltus Fasciatus
    • Leslie, T. F. 1984. A Sex Ratio Condition In Oncopeltus Fasciatus. J. Hered., 75, 260-264.
    • (1984) J. Hered. , vol.75 , pp. 260-264
    • Leslie, T.F.1
  • 56
    • 84966151871 scopus 로고
    • A Study Of The ‘Sex-Ratio’ Condition In Drosophila Bifasciata
    • Leventhal, E. A. 1965. A Study Of The ‘Sex-Ratio’ Condition In Drosophila Bifasciata. Am. Zool., 5, 649.
    • (1965) Am. Zool. , vol.5 , pp. 649
    • Leventhal, E.A.1
  • 57
    • 84979325449 scopus 로고
    • Male Sterility In Natural Populations Of Hermaphroditic Plants: The Equilibrium Between Females and Hermaphrodites To Be Expected With Different Types Of Inheritance
    • Lewis, D. 1941. Male Sterility In Natural Populations Of Hermaphroditic Plants: The Equilibrium Between Females and Hermaphrodites To Be Expected With Different Types Of Inheritance. New Phytol., 40, 56-63.
    • (1941) New Phytol. , vol.40 , pp. 56-63
    • Lewis, D.1
  • 58
    • 0000064095 scopus 로고
    • Some AspectsOf The Population Increase In Adalia Bipunctata 2. The Strains Without Males. Dokl. Akad
    • Lus, Y. Y. 1947a. Some Aspects Of The Population Increase In Adalia Bipunctata 2. The Strains Without Males. Dokl. Akad. Nauk Sssr, 57, 951-954.
    • (1947) Nauk Sssr , vol.57 , pp. 951-954
    • Lus, Y.Y.1
  • 59
    • 0008381599 scopus 로고
    • Some Rules Of Reproduction In Populations OfAdalia Bipunctata: Heterozygosity Of Lethal Alleles In Populations. Dokl. Akad
    • Lus, Y. Y. 1947b. Some Rules Of Reproduction In Populations Of Adalia Bipunctata: Heterozygosity Of Lethal Alleles In Populations. Dokl. Akad. Nauk Sssr, 57, 825-828.
    • (1947) Nauk Sssr , vol.57 , pp. 825-828
    • Lus, Y.Y.1
  • 60
    • 0000162853 scopus 로고
    • Natural Enemies Of The Light Brown Apple Moth, Epiphyas Postvittana
    • Maclellan, C. R. 1973. Natural Enemies Of The Light Brown Apple Moth, Epiphyas Postvittana, In The Australian Capital Territory. Can. Ent., 105, 681-700.
    • (1973) The Australian Capital Territory. Can. Ent. , vol.105 , pp. 681-700
    • Maclellan, C.R.1
  • 61
    • 0002733339 scopus 로고
    • Sex-Ratio: A Non-Mendelian Character In Drosophila Bifasciata
    • Magni, G. E. 1953. ‘Sex-Ratio’: A Non-Mendelian Character In Drosophila Bifasciata. Nature, 172, 81.
    • (1953) Nature , vol.172 , pp. 81
    • Magni, G.E.1
  • 62
    • 84968573285 scopus 로고
    • Thermic Cure Of Cytoplasmic ‘Sex-Ratio’ In Drosophila Bifasciata
    • Magni, G. E. 1954. Thermic Cure Of Cytoplasmic ‘Sex-Ratio’ In Drosophila Bifasciata. Catyologia (Suppl.), 6, 1213-1216.
    • (1954) Catyologia(Suppl.) , vol.6 , pp. 1213-1216
    • Magni, G.E.1
  • 63
    • 10344228280 scopus 로고
    • Ii Carattere Sex Ratio In Popolazioni Naturali Ed Artificiali Di Drosophila Bifasciata
    • Magni, G. E. 1959. Ii Carattere Sex Ratio In Popolazioni Naturali Ed Artificiali Di Drosophila Bifasciata. 1st Lombardo (Rend. Sei.), 93, 103-116.
    • (1959) 1St Lombardo (Rend. Sei.) , vol.93 , pp. 103-116
    • Magni, G.E.1
  • 64
    • 0042648856 scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding and Mutational Load In Natural Populations Of Drosophila Willistoni
    • Malogolowkin-Cohen, Ch., Levene, H., Dobzhansky, N. P. and Simmons, A. S. 1964. Inbreeding and Mutational Load In Natural Populations Of Drosophila Willistoni. Genetics, 50, 1299-1311.
    • (1964) Genetics , vol.50 , pp. 1299-1311
    • Malogolowkin-Cohen, C.H.1    Levene, H.2    Dobzhansky, N.P.3    Simmons, A.S.4
  • 65
    • 33745442254 scopus 로고
    • Life Histories Of Rhopalocera From The Australian Region
    • Mathew, G. F. 1888. Life Histories Of Rhopalocera From The Australian Region. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1888, 137-138.
    • (1888) Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. , vol.1888 , pp. 137-138
    • Mathew, G.F.1
  • 66
    • 84998213733 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal Sex Ratio Found In The Lady Beetle Harmonia Axyridis Pallas (Coleop- Tera: Coccinellidae)
    • Matsuka, M., Hashi, H. and Okada, I. 1975. Abnormal Sex Ratio Found In The Lady Beetle Harmonia Axyridis Pallas (Coleop- Tera: Coccinellidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool., 10, 84-89.
    • (1975) Appl. Entomol. Zool. , vol.10 , pp. 84-89
    • Matsuka, M.1    Hashi, H.2    Okada, I.3
  • 67
    • 0022207497 scopus 로고
    • Life History and Biology Of Ips Latidens (Leconte) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)Can
    • Miller, D. R. and Borden, J. H. 1985. Life History and Biology Of Ips Latidens (Leconte) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Ent., 117, 859-871.
    • (1985) Ent. , vol.117 , pp. 859-871
    • Miller, D.R.1    Borden, J.H.2
  • 68
    • 0001243148 scopus 로고
    • Ipsenol: An Aggregation Pheromone For Ips Latidens (Leconte) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
    • Miller, D. R., Borden, J. H., King, G. G. S. and Slessor, K. N. 1991. Ipsenol: An Aggregation Pheromone For Ips Latidens (Leconte) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). J. Chem. Ecol., 17, 1517-1527.
    • (1991) J.Chem. Ecol. , vol.17 , pp. 1517-1527
    • Miller, D.R.1    Borden, J.H.2    King, G.G.S.3    Slessor, K.N.4
  • 69
    • 28444464904 scopus 로고
    • Effects Of First Instar Cannibalism On The First Instar Larvae Of Four Species Of Aphidophagous Coccinellidae
    • Hodek, 1. (Ed.)
    • Ng, S. M. 1986. Effects Of First Instar Cannibalism On The First Instar Larvae Of Four Species Of Aphidophagous Coccinellidae. In: Hodek, 1. (Ed.), Ecology Of The Aphidophaga, Academia, Prague, Pp. 69-75.
    • (1986) Ecology of the Aphidophaga, Academia, Prague , pp. 69-75
    • Ng, S.M.1
  • 70
    • 0001905083 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal Sex Ratio In Menochilius Sexmaculatus (Fabricius)
    • Niuima, K. and Nakajima, K. 1981. Abnormal Sex Ratio In Menochilius Sexmaculatus (Fabricius). Bull. Fac. Agric. Tamagawa Univ., 21, 59-67.
    • (1981) Bull. Fac. Agric. Tamagawa Univ. , vol.21 , pp. 59-67
    • Niuima, K.1    Nakajima, K.2
  • 71
    • 0343943464 scopus 로고
    • Experimental Transfer Of Abnormal Sex Ratio In Two Ladybird Species
    • Niuima, K. 1983. Experimental Transfer Of Abnormal Sex Ratio In Two Ladybird Species. Bull. Fac. Agric. Tamagawa Univ., 23, 11-17.
    • (1983) Bull. Fac. Agric. Tamagawa Univ. , vol.23 , pp. 11-17
    • Niuima, K.1
  • 72
    • 0024919587 scopus 로고
    • Sibling and Non-Sibling Cannibalism By Larvae Of A Lady Beetle Harmonia Axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) In The Field
    • Osawa, N. 1989. Sibling and Non-Sibling Cannibalism By Larvae Of A Lady Beetle Harmonia Axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) In The Field. Res. Popul. Ecol., 31, 153-160.
    • (1989) Res. Popul. Ecol. , vol.31 , pp. 153-160
    • Osawa, N.1
  • 73
    • 0027020325 scopus 로고
    • Sibling Cannibalism In The Ladybird Beetle HarmoniaAxyridis: Fitness Consequences For Mother and Offspring
    • Osawa, N. 1992. Sibling Cannibalism In The Ladybird Beetle Harmonia Axyridis: Fitness Consequences For Mother and Offspring. Res. Popul. Ecol., 34, 45-55.
    • (1992) Res. Popul. Ecol. , vol.34 , pp. 45-55
    • Osawa, N.1
  • 75
    • 84966151314 scopus 로고
    • Adaptations Which Discourage Inbreeding In Lepidoptera and Other Insects
    • Poulton, E. B. 1928. Adaptations Which Discourage Inbreeding In Lepidoptera and Other Insects. Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond., 3, 18-20.
    • (1928) Proc.R. Ent. Soc. Lond. , vol.3 , pp. 18-20
    • Poulton, E.B.1
  • 76
    • 0006670189 scopus 로고
    • Natural Food Requirements Of The Large Milkweed Bug, Oncopeltus Fasciatus (Hemiptera: Lygae- Diae), and Their Relation To Gregariousness and Host Plant Morphology
    • Ralph, C. P. 1976. Natural Food Requirements Of The Large Milkweed Bug, Oncopeltus Fasciatus (Hemiptera: Lygae- Diae), and Their Relation To Gregariousness and Host Plant Morphology. Oecologia, 26, 157-173.
    • (1976) Oecologia , vol.26 , pp. 157-173
    • Ralph, C.P.1
  • 77
    • 0000114204 scopus 로고
    • Effect Of Host Plant Density On Populations Of A Specialized, Seed Sucking Bug, Oncopeltus Fasciatus
    • Ralph, C. P. 1977. Effect Of Host Plant Density On Populations Of A Specialized, Seed Sucking Bug, Oncopeltus Fasciatus. Ecology, 58, 799-809.
    • (1977) Ecology , vol.58 , pp. 799-809
    • Ralph, C.P.1
  • 78
    • 10244260056 scopus 로고
    • Studies On Natural Populations Of Oncopeltus Fasciatus (Dallas), The Large Milkweed Bug
    • Sauer, D. and Feir, D. 1973. Studies On Natural Populations Of Oncopeltus Fasciatus (Dallas), The Large Milkweed Bug. Am. Midi. Nat., 90, 13-37.
    • (1973) Am. Midi. Nat. , vol.90 , pp. 13-37
    • Sauer, D.1    Feir, D.2
  • 79
    • 0002951255 scopus 로고
    • Wildtypeand Mutant Stocks Of Mormoniella
    • Saul, G., Whiting, P. W., Saul, S. W. and Heidner, C. A. 1965. Wildtype and Mutant Stocks Of Mormoniella. Genetics, 52, 1317-1327.
    • (1965) Genetics , vol.52 , pp. 1317-1327
    • Saul, G.1    Whiting, P.W.2    Saul, S.W.3    Heidner, C.A.4
  • 80
    • 84930443794 scopus 로고
    • Families Of Hypolimnas Bolina L. Bred From Known Female Parents From Different Fijian Islands
    • Simmonds, H. W. 1923a. Families Of Hypolimnas Bolina L. Bred From Known Female Parents From Different Fijian Islands. Trans. R. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1923, 651-662.
    • (1923) Trans. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. , vol.1923 , pp. 651-662
    • Simmonds, H.W.1
  • 81
    • 0008754871 scopus 로고
    • All Female Families Of Hypolimnas Bolina L., Bred In Fiji By H. W. Simmonds
    • Simmonds, H. W. 1923b. All Female Families Of Hypolimnas Bolina L., Bred In Fiji By H. W. Simmonds. Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1923, 9-12.
    • (1923) Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. , pp. 9-12
    • Simmonds, H.W.1
  • 83
    • 0013662261 scopus 로고
    • Mr H. W. Simmonds’ Conclusion That All-Female-Producing Females Form A Persistent Strain In Suva
    • Simmonds, H. W. 1928. Mr H. W. Simmonds’ Conclusion That All-Female-Producing Females Form A Persistent Strain In Suva. Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond., 3, 43-44.
    • (1928) Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. , vol.3 , pp. 43-44
    • Simmonds, H.W.1
  • 84
    • 84930452619 scopus 로고
    • Further Notes On Hypolimnas Bolina L
    • Simmonds, H. W. 1930. Further Notes On Hypolimnas Bolina L. In Fiji. Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond., 5, 75-77.
    • (1930) Fiji. Proc.R. Ent. Soc. Lond. , vol.5 , pp. 75-77
    • Simmonds, H.W.1
  • 85
    • 0000125320 scopus 로고
    • Maternally Inherited Sex Ratio In The Para- Sitoid Wasp Nasonia Vitripennis
    • Skinner, S. W. 1982. Maternally Inherited Sex Ratio In The Para- Sitoid Wasp Nasonia Vitripennis. Science, 215, 1133-1134.
    • (1982) Science , vol.215 , pp. 1133-1134
    • Skinner, S.W.1
  • 86
    • 0022050140 scopus 로고
    • Son-Killer: A Third Extrachromosomal Factor Affecting Sex Ratios In The Parasitoid Wasp Nasonia Vitripennis
    • Skinner, S. W. 1985. Son-Killer: A Third Extrachromosomal Factor Affecting Sex Ratios In The Parasitoid Wasp Nasonia Vitripennis. Genetics, 109, 745-754.
    • (1985) Genetics , vol.109 , pp. 745-754
    • Skinner, S.W.1
  • 87
    • 0000561240 scopus 로고
    • Morphological Variation In Natural and Experimental Populations Of Drosophila Pseudoobscura and Drosophila Persimilis
    • Sokoloff, A. 1966. Morphological Variation In Natural and Experimental Populations Of Drosophila Pseudoobscura and Drosophila Persimilis. Evolution, 20, 49-71.
    • (1966) Evolution , vol.20 , pp. 49-71
    • Sokoloff, A.1
  • 88
    • 0025373612 scopus 로고
    • Antibiotics Cause Parthenogentic Trichogramma Hymenoptera/Trichogrammatidae To Revert To Sex
    • Stouthamer, R., Luck, R. F. and Hamilton, W. D. 1990. Antibiotics Cause Parthenogentic Trichogramma Hymenoptera/Trichogrammatidae To Revert To Sex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. U.S.A., 87, 2424-2427.
    • (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei.U.S.A. , vol.87 , pp. 2424-2427
    • Stouthamer, R.1    Luck, R.F.2    Hamilton, W.D.3
  • 89
    • 84936653781 scopus 로고
    • Studies On Sex Pheromones In The Pyralidae. Iii. The Inheritance Of The Abnormal Sex Ratio Condition In A Strain Of The Almond Moth Cadra Cautella Walker (Pyctinae)
    • Takahasi, F and Kuwahara, Y. 1970. Studies On Sex Pheromones In The Pyralidae. Iii. The Inheritance Of The Abnormal Sex Ratio Condition In A Strain Of The Almond Moth Cadra Cautella Walker (Pyctinae). Botyu-Kagaku, 35, 11-21.
    • (1970) Botyu-Kagaku , vol.35 , pp. 11-21
    • Takahasi, F.1    Kuwahara, Y.2
  • 90
    • 0005901495 scopus 로고
    • Population Structure Of Drosophila: Genetics and Ecology
    • Ashburner, M., Carson, H. L. and Thompson, J. N, Academic Press, Pp
    • Taylor, C. E. and Powell, J. R. 1983. Population Structure Of Drosophila: Genetics and Ecology. In: Ashburner, M., Carson, H. L. and Thompson, J. N. (Eds), The Genetics and Biology O/Drosophila, Vol. 3, Academic Press, Pp. 29-59.
    • (1983) The Genetics and Biology O/Drosophila , vol.3 , pp. 29-59
    • Taylor, C.E.1    Powell, J.R.2
  • 91
    • 0018229076 scopus 로고
    • The Genetics Of Sex Ratio Distortion By Cytoplasmic Infection Under Maternal and Contagious Transmission: An Epidemiological Study
    • Uyenoyama, M. K. and Feldman, M. W. 1978. The Genetics Of Sex Ratio Distortion By Cytoplasmic Infection Under Maternal and Contagious Transmission: An Epidemiological Study. Theor. Popul. Biol., 14, 471-497.
    • (1978) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 471-497
    • Uyenoyama, M.K.1    Feldman, M.W.2
  • 92
    • 0000480750 scopus 로고
    • The Polymorphism, Mimicry and Host Plant Relationships Of Hypolimnas Butterflies
    • Vane-Wright, R. I., Ackery, P. R. and Smiles, R. L 1977. The Polymorphism, Mimicry and Host Plant Relationships Of Hypolimnas Butterflies. Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 9, 285-297.
    • (1977) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.9 , pp. 285-297
    • Vane-Wright, R.I.1    Ackery, P.R.2    Smiles, R.L.3
  • 93
    • 0000109603 scopus 로고
    • A Consideration Of The Power Of The X2 Test To Detect Inbreeding Effects In Natural Populations
    • Ward, R. H. and Sing, C. F. 1970. A Consideration Of The Power Of The X2 Test To Detect Inbreeding Effects In Natural Populations. Am. Nat., 104, 355-365.
    • (1970) Am. Nat. , vol.104 , pp. 355-365
    • Ward, R.H.1    Sing, C.F.2
  • 94
    • 0000993681 scopus 로고
    • The Coevolution Of Autosomal and Cytoplasmic Sex Ratio Factors
    • Werren, J. H. 1987. The Coevolution Of Autosomal and Cytoplasmic Sex Ratio Factors. J. Theor. Biol., 124, 317-334.
    • (1987) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.124 , pp. 317-334
    • Werren, J.H.1
  • 95
    • 0022518516 scopus 로고
    • Male Killing Bacteria In A Parasitic Wasp
    • Werren, J. H., Skinner, S. W. and Huger, A. M. 1986. Male Killing Bacteria In A Parasitic Wasp. Science, 231, 990-992.
    • (1986) Science , vol.231 , pp. 990-992
    • Werren, J.H.1    Skinner, S.W.2    Huger, A.M.3
  • 96
    • 0002007016 scopus 로고
    • Sex Ratio Organisms (Spiroplasmas) Of Drosophila
    • R. F. Whitcomb and J. G. Tully, Academie Press, New York
    • Williamson, D. L. and Poulson, D. F. 1979. Sex Ratio Organisms (Spiroplasmas) Of Drosophila. In: R. F. Whitcomb and J. G. Tully (Eds), The Mycoplasmas, Vol. 3, Academie Press, New York, Pp. 175-208.
    • (1979) The Mycoplasmas , vol.3 , pp. 175-208
    • Williamson, D.L.1    Poulson, D.F.2
  • 97
    • 0001633669 scopus 로고
    • The Effectiveness Of The Coccinellid Beetle, Adalia Bipunctata (L.) As A Predator Of The Lime Aphid, Eucallipteriis Tiliae L
    • Wratten, S. D. 1973. The Effectiveness Of The Coccinellid Beetle, Adalia Bipunctata (L.) As A Predator Of The Lime Aphid, Eucallipteriis Tiliae L. J. Anim. Ecol., 42, 785-802.
    • (1973) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.42 , pp. 785-802
    • Wratten, S.D.1
  • 98
    • 84984424212 scopus 로고
    • Searching By Adalia Bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Escape Behaviour Of Its Aphid and Ciccadellid Prey On Lime (Tilia X Vulgaris Hayne). Ecol
    • Wratten, S. D. 1976. Searching By Adalia Bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Escape Behaviour Of Its Aphid and Ciccadellid Prey On Lime (Tilia X Vulgaris Hayne). Ecol. Entomol, 1, 139-142.
    • (1976) Entomol , vol.1 , pp. 139-142
    • Wratten, S.D.1
  • 99
    • 0039250474 scopus 로고
    • Biological and Control Studies On Estigmene Acrea (Drury), A Pest Of Corn In The Yaqui Valley, Sonora
    • Young, W. R. and A Sifuentes, J. A. 1959. Biological and Control Studies On Estigmene Acrea (Drury), A Pest Of Corn In The Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico. J. Econ. Ent., 52, 1109-1111.
    • (1959) Mexico. J. Econ. Ent. , vol.52 , pp. 1109-1111
    • Young, W.R.1    Asifuentes, J.A.2
  • 100
    • 0345035241 scopus 로고
    • Effects Of Population Density On Prodenia Litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
    • Zaher, M. A. and Moussa, M. A. 1961. Effects Of Population Density On Prodenia Litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 54, 145-149.
    • (1961) Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. , vol.54 , pp. 145-149
    • Zaher, M.A.1    Moussa, M.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.