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4
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22244447930
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The evolution of a market: the emergence of regulation in the telephone industry of Wisconsin, 1893–1917
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University of Wisconsin
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(1987)
PhD dissertation
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Gabel1
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14
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84911679893
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78 Congressional Record, 73rd Congress, 2nd Session, 10313 (1934), cited in, Oxford University Press, New York, Rayburn said: ‘… the bill as a whole does not change existing law, not only with reference to radio but with reference to telegraph, telephone, and cable, except in the transfer of jurisdiction [from the ICC to the new FCC] and such minor amendments as to make that transfer effective’
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(1989)
The Irony of Regulation Reform
, pp. 122
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Horwitz1
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15
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0039043379
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Ablex, Norwood, NJ, The station-to-station method was not fully implemented until the adoption of the first uniform Separations Manual by the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners and the FCC in 1947.
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(1988)
Behind the Telephone Debates
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Weinhaus1
Oettinger2
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16
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0039043379
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for a description and analysis of the Ozark plan, Ablex, Norwood, NJ, The Ozark plan, concluded in 1970 and implemented in 1971, shifted a growing portion of the local loop's cost recovery to the interstate jurisdiction.
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(1988)
Behind the Telephone Debates
, pp. 83-103
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Weinhaus1
Oettinger2
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17
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0003666264
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Oxford University Press, New York, fn 136, notes that state regulators' support for the Ozark plan was partly a response to pressure from public interest groups to keep residential rate
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(1989)
The Irony of Regulation Reform
, pp. 235
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Horwitz1
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18
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84911672325
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FCC, Washington, DC, The FCC's Statistics of Communications Common Carriers for the year ended 31 December 1965 reported that 85% of all US households had telephone service; the Statistics for 1970 reported that 92% of all households had telephones. Because the method used to measure household penetration at that time is thought to have overstated the actual amount, I have deducted 7% from each estimate, which yields a household penetration percentage of 85% for 1970 and 78% for 1965.
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(1965)
Statistics of Communications Common Carriers
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Federal Communications Commission1
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20
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0039810749
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The switchboard problem scale signaling and organization in manual telephone switching 1878–1898
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(1989)
Technology and Culture
, vol.30
, Issue.3
, pp. 534-560
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Mueller1
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23
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0008411003
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See, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, Vail's biographer supports these claims, observing that Vail worked as a telegrapher for Union Pacific in the 1860s. During negotiations with Western Union over the right to develop the telephone, Vail insisted on Bell's right to own and operate long-distance lines. Vail's own testimony in the 1918 antitrust case also strongly reasserts AT&T's intention to ‘control the business’ by controlling long-distance connections just as Western Union had done.
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(1981)
The Telecommunications Industry
, pp. 102
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Brock1
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26
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0039325121
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An otherwise thoughtful and well-researched treatment of the competitive era by, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, contains no discussion of the refusal to interconnect and its consequences for the competitive struggle
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(1989)
The Bell System and Regional Business
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Lipartito1
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29
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22244447930
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The evolution of a market: the emergence of regulation in the telephone industry of Wisconsin, 1893–1917
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(1987)
PhD dissertation
, pp. 354
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Gabel1
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36
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84911670195
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Theodore N. Vail Chapter, Telephone Pioneers of America, Illinois Bell Telephone Co, A Bell subscriber in Quincy, IL, in 1894 could call Peoria (132 miles away), Springfield (102 miles away) and Chicago, but there were no Bell exchanges or toll lines connecting Quincy to the rest of its own county, nor were there any lines to the farmers and merchants in neighbouring Brown, Hancock and Pike counties.
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(1948)
The story of the telephone in Quincy, Illinois
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42
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84911685340
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Thomas Doolittle's advocacy of the demand for interdependence of local exchange and long-distance service influenced American Bell President Fish, who wrote in 1902: ‘it is at least worth considering whether or not cheap exchanges in the small towns do not add enough to the toll business to make them a proper investment, even if there is no profit in the small exchanges’.
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(1896)
Doolittle Letter Book
, vol.12
, pp. 331
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44
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84911685871
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The evolution of a market: the emergence of regulation in the telephone industry of Wisconsin, 1893–1917
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(1987)
PhD dissertation
, pp. 88-97
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David1
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47
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84911679457
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The United States Telephone Company of Ohio, the Kinloch system of St. Louis, the Kansas City Home Telephone Company and at least 15 other independent long-distance networks offered competitive toll service of up to 300 miles in length. See Pickernell to Hall, 12 May 1909, Box 1376, AT&T-Bell Labs Archives; 1908 Annual Report of the US Telephone Company, Box 36, AT&T-Bell Labs Archives.
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51
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84911679456
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(1909)
Telephony
, vol.17
, Issue.13
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55
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84911674861
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Joseph Davis to President Fish, 23 October 1901. AT&T-Bell Labs Archives.
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58
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84911674860
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Pickernell to Hall, AT&T, 12 May 1909. Box 1376, AT&T-Bell Labs Archives.
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63
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84911674862
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‘[The Bell System] believes that some sort of a connection with the telephone system should be within the reach of all’:, Just what ‘sort of a connection’ and the meaning of ‘within the reach of’ are left unspecified.
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(1910)
Annual Report
, pp. 43
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AT&T1
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71
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0041119960
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For evidence of business support for telephone service unification see, Gervaise Press, Rochester, NY
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(1910)
Municipal Franchises
, pp. 240-241
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Wilcox1
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73
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84911674857
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Subsection (3) of the Kingsbury Commitment text limited Bell-independent interconnection to an exchange ‘which is more than fifty miles distant from the exchange in which the call originates’.
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(1913)
Kingsbury Commitment
, pp. 2
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-
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74
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84911674856
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For accounts of unsuccessful attempts by independents to connect to Bell under the terms of the Kingsbury Commitment see B.G. Hubbell, Federal Telephone Co, to N.C. Kingsbury, 8 October 1914; and W.H. Bassett, Kinloch Telephone Co, to N.C. Kingsbury, 3 July 1917, Box 16, AT&T-Bell Labs Archives.
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75
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84911674855
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67th Congress, 1st Session
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There is nothing more exasperating, nothing that annoys the ordinary business man or the ordinary person more than to have two competing local telephone systems, so that he must have in his house and in his office two telephones, on neither one of which he can get all the people he wants to be in communication with.
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(1921)
Congressional Record
, pp. 1966
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-
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78
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84911674853
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H.O. Seymour, Chicago Telephone Company, ‘A telephone property must be considered as a whole in determining the reasonableness of any rate’: memo; cover letter dated 26 January 1912. Telephone Pioneers Museum, San Francisco, CA.
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79
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84911670192
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Eugene V. Rostow, ‘The case for congressional action to safeguard the telephone network as a universal and optimized system’, paper based on the memorandum prepared for AT&T for use in the November 1975 hearings before the Subcommittee on Communications of the US House of Representatives Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce.
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-
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80
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0004147398
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For an account of its fate, see, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, The Consumer Communications Act of 1976 quickly acquired the ‘Bell bill’ label because of AT&T's sponsorship and all-out lobbying effort on its 1976 quickly acquired the ‘Bell bill’ label because of AT&T's sponsorship and all-out lobbying effort on its behalf.
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(1987)
The Fall of the Bell System
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Temin1
Galambos2
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81
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84911670191
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Universal service in European telecommunications
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22–24 June 1988, Windsor, UK, IOS, Amsterdam, European Telecommunications Policy Research, In the case of European PTTs the retroactive nature of universal service claims is even clearer. European monopolies adopted the same averaging and cross-subsidy practices as the US telephone companies without attaining anything near the penetration levels of the USA, but nevertheless made ‘universality’ one of their defences against the onslaught of new competition in the 1980s.
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(1989)
Proceedings of the Communications Policy Research Conference
-
-
Nicholas1
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83
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84911683973
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wrote, ‘it will not be long before no moderately well appointed residence will be considered completely equipped if it is not connected to the telephone system’. For similar expressions of confidence in the inevitability of the spread of the telephone, see
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(1897)
Electrical Review
, vol.31
, Issue.15
, pp. 180
-
-
-
84
-
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84911670190
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The farmer and the telephone
-
(1897)
Electrical Review
, vol.31
, Issue.11
, pp. 126
-
-
-
85
-
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84911679452
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Making [social] calls by telephone
-
No 13
-
(1897)
Electrical Review
, vol.30
, pp. 146
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