Energy absorption characteristics of football helmets under low and high rates of loading

Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 1993, Pages 15-24

  Myers, Thomas J ^a   Yoganandan, Narayan ^a   Sances, Anthony ^b   Pintar, Frank A ^c   Reinartz, John ^a   Battocletti, Joseph H ^c  

^a MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

^b MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c CLEMENT J ZABLOCKI VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Compression testing; Energy absorption; Football helmets; Head injury; Impact testing

Indexed keywords

ACCELERATION; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; ENERGY TRANSFER; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; FOOTBALL; HEAD INJURY; HELMET; HUMAN; INJURY; MATERIALS TESTING; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; MECHANICAL STRESS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; STANDARD; WEIGHT BEARING;

ACCELERATION; BIOMECHANICS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENERGY TRANSFER; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; FOOTBALL; HEAD PROTECTIVE DEVICES; HUMAN; MATERIALS TESTING; NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; STRESS, MECHANICAL; SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, NON-P.H.S.; WEIGHT-BEARING;

EID: 0027566660     PISSN: 09592989     EISSN: 18783619     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/BME-1993-3102     Document Type: Article

References (15)

1. Buckley, W. E. Concussions in college football, a multivariate analysis. Am. J. Sports Med. 16:51-56; 1988
2. Schneider, R. C.; Peterson, T. R.; Anderson, R. E. Football. In Schneider R. C.; Kennedy, J. C.; Pla M. L.; et al., eds. Sports injuries, mechanisms, prevention, and treatment. Baltimore, MD: Williams Wilkins; 1985:1-63.
3. Mueller, F. O.; Schindler, R. D. Annual survey of football injury research 1931-1989, Orlando, FL: AmericanFootball Coaches Association; 1991.
4. Torg, J. S.; Quedenfeld, T. C.; Moyer, R. A. et al. Severe and catastrophic neck injuries resulting from tac football. J. Am. Coll. Health Assoc. 25:224-226; 1977.
5. Torg, J. S.; Vegso, J. J.; Sennett, B. The national football head and neck injury registry: 14-year report cervical quadriplegia (1971-1984). Clin. Sports Med. 6:61-72; 1987.
6. Mueller, F. O.; Blyth, C. S. Fatalities from head and cervical spine injuries occurring in tackle football: Years’ experience. Clin. Sports Med. 6:185-196; 1987.
7. Schneider, R. C. Serious and fatal neurosurgical football injuries. Clin. Neurosurg. 12:226-236; 1966.
8. Torg, J. S.; Vegso, I. J.; Sennett, B. et al. The national head and neck injury registry: 14-year report cervical quadriplegia (1971-1984). JAMA 254:3439-3443; 1985.
9. Gadd, C. W. Tolerable severity index in whole-head, nonmechanical impact. Proceedings of the Fiftee Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE, No. 10001; 1971.
10. Versace, J. A review of the severity index. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE 1971.
11. Hodgson, V. R. National operating committee on standards for athletic equipment football helmet certificat program. Med. Sci. Sports 7:225-232; 1975.
12. Snively, G. G.; Kovacic, C.; Chichester, C. O. Design of football helmets. Res. Quart. 32:221-228; 1961
13. Kovacic, C. R. Impact-absorbing qualities of football helmets. Res. Quart. 36:420-426; 1965.
14. Kingsbury, H. B.; Herrick, W. C.; Mohan, D. High and low rate force-deformation characteristics of mot cycle helmets, No. 790324, SAE, Pennsylvania; 1979.
15. Kingsbury, H. B.; Rohr, P. R. Structural characteristics of motorcycle helmets, No. 810372, SAE, Penns vania; 1981.