The spectrum of Non-Candida fungal infections following bone marrow transplantation

Medicine (United States)

Volumn 72, Issue 2, 1993, Pages 78-89

  Morrison, Vicki A ^a   Haake, Robert J ^a   Weisdorf, Daniel J ^a  

^a University of Minnesota   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPHOTERICIN B; COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR;

ADULT; AGED; ALTERNARIA; ARTICLE; ASPERGILLUS; BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; DEBRIDEMENT; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; FUNGEMIA; FUSARIUM; GRANULOCYTE TRANSFUSION; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM; HUMAN; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; INFECTION CONTROL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MUCOR; MYCOSIS; NONHUMAN; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; SKIN INFECTION; SOFT TISSUE INFECTION; TRICHOSPORON;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BIOPSY; BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; CAUSE OF DEATH; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; GRAFT VS HOST DISEASE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFANT; MALE; MIDDLE AGE; MYCOSES; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S.; SURVIVAL RATE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0027532280     PISSN: 00257974     EISSN: 15365964     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005792-199303000-00002     Document Type: Article

References (140)

1. Abramowsky CR, Quinn D, Bradford WD, Conant NF. Systemic infection by Fusarium in a burned child. The emergence of a saprophytic strain. J Pediatr 84: 561-64, 1974.
2. Ahtonen P, Lehtonen OP, Kero P, Tunnela E, Havu V. Malassezia furfur colonization of neonates in an intensive care unit. Mycoses 33: 543-47, 1990.
3. Aisner J, Schimpff SC, Wiernik PH. Treatment of invasive aspergillosis: Relation of early diagnosis and treatment to response. Ann Intern Med 86: 539-43, 1977.
4. Anaissie E, Bodey GP, Kantarjian H, Ro J, Vartivarian SE, Hopfer R, Hoy J, Rolston K. New spectrum of fungal infections in patients with cancer. Rev Infect Dis 11: 369-78, 1989.
5. Anaissie E, Kantarjian H, Ro J, Hopfer R, Rolston K, Fainstein V, Bodey G. The emerging role of Fusarium infections in patients with cancer. Medicine 62: 77-83, 1988.
6. Anaisie EJ, Bodey GP, Rinaldi MG. Emerging fungal pathogens. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 8: 323-30, 1989.
7. Armstrong D. Problems in management of opportunistic fungal diseases. Rev Infect Dis 11: S1591-S1599, 1989.
8. Aschner JL, Punsalang Jr.A, Maniscalco WM, Menegus MA. Percutaneous central venous catheter colonization with Malassezia furfur. incidence and clinical significance. Pediatrics 80: 535-39, 1987.
9. Azimi PH, Levernier K, Lefrak LM, Petru AM, Barrett T, Schenck H, Sandhu AS, Duritz G, Valesco M. Malassezia furfur: A cause of occlusion of percutaneous central venous catheters in infants in the intensive care nursury. Pediatr Infect Dis J 7: 100-3, 1988.
10. Baker JG, Salkin IF, Forgacs P, Haines JH, Kemna ME. First report of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis of the foot caused by Phoma minutella. J Clin Microbiol 25: 2395-97, 1987.
11. Barbas Filho JV, Amato MB, Deheinzelin D, Saldiva PH, de Carvalho CR. Respiratory failure caused by adiaspiromycosis. Chest 97: 1171-75, 1990.
12. Bartynski JM, McCaffrey TV, Frigas E. Allergic fungal sinusitis secondary to dematiaceous fungi-Curvularia lunata and Alternaria. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 103: 32-39, 1990.
13. Benamin RP, Callaway JL, Conant NF, Durham NC. Facial granuloma associated with Fusarium infection. Arch Dermatol 101: 598-600, 1970.
14. Bhansali S, Karanes C, Palutke W, Crane L, Kiel R, Ratanatharathorn V. Successful treatment of disseminated Trichosporon beigelii (cutaneum) infection with associated splenic involvement. Cancer 58: 1630-32, 1986.
15. Blazar BR, Hurd DD, Snover DC, Alexander JW, McGlave PB. Invasive Fusarium infections in bone marrow transplant recipients. Am J Med 77: 645-51, 1984.
16. Body BA, Sabio H, Oneson RH, Johnson CE, Kahn J, Hanna MD. Alternaria infection in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 6:418-20, 1987.
17. Bourguignon RL, Walsh AF, Flynn JC, Baro C, Spinos E. Fusarium species osteomyelitis. J Bone Joint Surg 58A: 722-23, 1976.
18. Brown AE. Overview of fungal infections in cancer patients. Semin Oncol 17: 2-5, 1990.
19. Brummund W, Kurup VP, Harris GJ, Duncavage JA, Arkins JA. Allergic sino-orbital mycosis. A clinical and immunologic study. JAMA 256: 3249-53, 1986.
20. Bufull JA, Lum LG, Caya JG, Chitambar CR, Ritch PS, Anderson T, Ash RC. Pityrosporum folliculitis after bone marrow transplantation. Clinical observations in five patients. Ann Intern Med 108: 560-63, 1988.
21. Burch PA, Karp JE, Merz WG, Kuhlman JE, Fishman EK. Favorable outcome of invasive aspergillosis in patients with acute leukemia. J Clin Onctol 5: 1985-93, 1987.
22. Cimolai N, Gill MJ, Church D. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia: Case report and review of the literature. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 8: 113-17, 1987.
23. Dankner WM, Spector SA, Fierer J, Davis CE. Malassezia fungemia in neonates and adults: Complication of hyperalimentation. Rev Infect Dis 9:743-53, 1987.
24. DeVault Jr.GA, Brown III ST, King JW, Fowler M, Oberle A. Tenckhoff catheter obstruction resulting from invasion by Curvularia lunata in the absence of peritonitis. Am J Kidney Dis 6: 124-27, 1985.
25. Dickensheets DL. Hansenula anomalia infection. Rev Infect Dis II: 507-8, 1989.
26. Donald FE, Sharp JF, Firth JL, Crowley JL, Ispahani P. Rhodotorula rubra ventriculitis. J Infect 16: 187-91, 1988.
27. Dooley DP, Beckius ML, McAllister CK, Jeffery BS. Prostatitis caused by Hansenula fabianii. J Infect Dis 161: 1040-41, 1990.
28. Dougherty SH, Simmons RL. Postoperative peritonitis caused by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Arch Surg 117: 248-49, 1982.
29. Eschete ML, West BC. Saccharomyces cerevisiae septicemia. Arch Intern Med 140: 1539, 1980.
30. Ferraro FA, Morgan MA. A case of disseminated Phialophora parasitica infection. Arch Pathol Lab Med 113: 1379-81, 1989.
31. Fincher RM, Fisher JF, Lovell RD, Newman CL, Espinel-Ingroff A, Shadomy HJ. Infection due to the fungus Acremonium (Cephalosporium). Medicine 70: 398-409, 1991.
32. Finkelstein R, Singer P, Lefler E. Catheter-related fungemia caused by Trichosporon beigelii in non-neutropenic patients. Am J Med 86: 133, 1989.
33. Fisher BD, Armstrong D, Yu B, Gold JWM. Invasive aspergillosis: progress in early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med 71: 571-77, 1981.
34. Ford GP, Ive FA, Midgley G. Pityrosporum folliculitis and ketoconazole. Br J Dermatol 107: 691-95, 1982.
35. Forster RK, Zachary IG, Cottingham AJ, Norton EWD. Further observations on the diagnosis, cause, and treatment of endophthalmitis. Am J Ophthalmol 81: 52-56, 1976.
36. Garau J, Diamond RD, Lagrotteria LV, Kabins SA. Alternaria osteomyelitis (letter). Ann Intern Med 86: 747-48, 1977.
37. Garcia CR, Johnston BL, Corvi G, Walker LJ, George WL. Intravenous catheter-assoicated Malassezia furfur fungemia. Am J Med 83: 790-92, 1987.
38. Gidding H, Hawes L, Dwyer B. The isolation of Malassezia furfur from an episode of peritonitis (letter). Med J Aust 151: 603, 1989.
39. Goering P, Berlinger NT, Weisdorf DJ. Aggressive combined modality treatment of progressive sinonasal fungal infections in immunocompromised paitnets. Am J Med 85: 619-23, 1988.
40. Gorey EM, Kiehn TE, Armstrong D, Brown AE. Central intravenous catheter-related fungemia due to Rhodotorula species (RHSP). Proceedings of the Annual Meeting, American Society for Microbiology, New Orleans, LA, May 16, 1989, p F17.
41. Groisser D, Bottone EJ, Lebwohl M. Association of Pityrosporum obiculare (Malassezia furfur) with seborrheic dermatitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). J Am Acad Dermatol 20: 770-73, 1989.
42. Guss RB, Koenig S, De La Pena W, Marx M, Kaufman HE. Endophthalmitis after penetrating keratoplasty. Am J Ophthalmol 95: 651-58, 1983.
43. Hanna JM, Johnson WT, Wyre Jr.HW. Malassezia (Pityrosporium) foliculitis occurring with granuloma annulare and alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol 119: 869-71, 1983.
44. Haron E, Anaissie E, Dumphy F, McCredie K, Fainstein V. Hansenula anomala fungemia. Rev Infect Dis 10: 1182-86, 1988.
45. Hironaga M, Nakano K, Yokoyama I, Kitajima J. Phialophora repens, an emerging agent of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in humans. J Clin Microbiol 27: 394-99, 1989.
46. Horn R, Wong B, Kiehn TE, Armstrong D. Fungemia in a cancer hospital: Changing frequency, earlier onset, and results of therapy. Ref Infect Dis 7: 646-55, 1985.
47. Hoy J, Hsu KC, Rolston K, Hopfer RL, Luna M, Bodey GP. Trichosporon beigelii infection: A review. Rev Infect Dis 8: 959-67, 1986.
48. Hughes CE, Serstock D, Wilson BD, Payne W. Infection with Trichosporon pullulans. Ann Intern Med 108: 772-73, 1988.
49. Ikai K, Tomono H, Watanabe S. Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phialophora richardsiae. J Am Acad Dermatol 19: 478-81, 1988.
50. Kaell AT, Weitzman I. Acute monoarticular arthritis due to Phialophora parasitica. Am J Med 74: 519-22, 1983.
51. Kaufman SM. Curvularia endocarditis following cardiac surgery. Am J Clin Pathol 56: 466-70, 1971.
52. Kiehn TE, Armstrong D. Changes in the spectrum of organisms causing bacteremia and fungemia in immunocompromised patients due to venous access devices. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 9: 869-72, 1990.
53. Killingsworth SM, Wetmore SJ. Curvularia/Drechslera sinusitis. Laryngoscope 100: 932-37, 1990.
54. Klein AS, Tortora GT, Malowitz R, Greene WH. Hansenula anomala: A new fungal pathogen. Two case reports and a review of the literature. Arch Intern Med 148: 1210-13, 1988.
55. Klotz SA, Drutz DJ, Huppert M, Johnson JE. Pityrosporum folliculitis. Its potential for confusion with skin lesions of systemic candidiasis. Arch Intern Med 142: 2126-29, 1982.
56. Larocco M, Dorenbaum A, Robinson A, Pickering LK. Recovery of Malassezia pachydermatis from eight infants in a neonatal intensive care nurserv: Clinical and laboratory features. Pediatr Infect Dis J 7: 398-401, 1988.
57. Leblond V, Saint-Jean O, Datry A, Lecso G, Frances C, Bellefiqh S, Gentilini M, Binet JL. Systemic infections with Trichosporon beigelii (cutaneum). Report of three new cases. Cancer 58: 2399-2405, 1986.
58. Levy FE, Larson JT, George E, Maisel RH. Invasive Chrysosporium infection of the nose and paranasal sinuses in an immunocompromised host. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 104: 384-88, 1991.
59. Lobritz RW, Roberts TH, Marraro RY, Carlton PK, Thorp DJ. Granulomatous pulmonary disease secondary to Alternaria. JAMA 241: 596-97, 1979.
60. Long JG, Keyserling HL. Catheter-related infection in infants due to an unusual lipophilic veast-Malassezia furfur. Pediatrics 76: 896-900, 1985.
61. Loveless MO, Winn RE, Campbell M, Jones SR. Mixed invasive infection with Alternaria species and Curvularia species. Am J Clin pathol 76: 491-93, 1981.
62. Lowenthal RM, Atkinson K, Challis DR, Tucker RG, Biggs JC. Invasive Trichosporon cutaneum infection: Increasing problem in immunosuppressed patients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2: 321-27, 1987.
63. Lupinetti FM, Giller RH, Trigg ME. Operative treatment of Fusarium fungal infection of the lung. Ann Thorac Surg 49: 991-92, 1990.
64. MacMillan III RH, Cooper PH, Body BA, Mills AS. Allergic fungal sinusitis due to Curvularia lunata. Hum Pathol 18: 960-64, 1987.
65. Manning SC, Schaefer SD, Close LG, Vuitch F. Culture-positive allergic fungal sinusitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 117:174-78, 1991.
66. Martino P, Venditti M, Micozzi A, Morace G, Polonelli L, Mantovani MP, Petti MC, Burgio YL, Santini C, Sera P, Mandelli F. Blastochizomyces capitatus: An emerging cause of invasive fungal disease in leukemia patients. Rev Infect Dis 12: 570-82, 1990.
67. McCormack JG, McIntyre PB, Tilse MH, Ellis DH. Mycetoma associated with Acremonium falciforme infection. Med J Aust 147: 187-88, 1987.
68. McGinnis MR, Salkin IF, Schell WA, Pasarell L. Dematiaceous fungi. In: Balows A, Hausler Jr.WJ, Herrmann KL, Isenberg HD, Shadomy HJ (eds.). Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 5th ed. Washington D.C.: American Society for Microbiology, pp 644-58, 1991.
69. Merz WG, Karp JE, Hoagland M, Jett-Goheen M, Junkins JM, Hood AF. Diagnosis and successful treatment of fusariosis in the compromised host. J Infect Dis 158: 1046-55, 1988.
70. Meyers JD. Fungal infections in bone marrow transplant patients. Semin Oncol 17: 10-13, 1990.
71. Meyers JD. Infection in bone marrow transplant recipients. Am J Med 81 (Suppl 1A): 27-38, 1986.
72. Meyers JD. Infection in recipients of bone marrow transplants. In: Remington JS, Swartz MN, eds. Current Clinical Topics in Infectious Diseases. New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 262-92, 1985.
73. Meyers RD, Young LS, Armstrong D, Yu B. Aspergillosis complicating neoplastic disease. Am J Med 54: 6-15, 1973.
74. Mickelsen PA, Viano-Paulson MC, Stevens DA, Diaz PS. Clinical and microbiological features of infection with Malassezia pachydermatis in high-risk infants. J Infect Dis 157: 1163-68, 1988.
75. Middleton C, Lowenthal RM. Malassezia furfur fungemia as a treatable cause of obscure fever in a leukemia patient receiving parenteral nutrition. Aust N Z J Med 17: 603-4, 1987.
76. Milburn PB, Papayanopulos DM, Pomerantz BM. Mycetoma due to Acremonium falciforme. Int J Dermatol 27: 408-10, 1988.
77. Minor Jr.RL, Pfaller MA, Gingrich RD, Burns LJ. Disseminated Fusarium infections in patients following bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 4: 653-58, 1989.
78. Moreno S, Buzon L, Sanchez-Sousa A. Trichosporon capitatum fungemia and intravenous drug abuse. Rev Infect Dis 9: 1202-3, 1987.
79. Munoz P, Garcia Leoni ME, Berenguer J, Bernaldo de Quiros JC, Bouza E. Catheter-related fungemia by Hansenula anomala. Arch Intern Med 149: 709-13, 1989.
80. Murtagh J, Smith JW, Mackowiak PA. Case report: Alternaria osteomyelitis: eight years of recurring disease requiring cyclic courses of amphotericin B for cure. Am J Med Sci 293: 399-402, 1987.
81. Neglia JP, Hurd DD, Ferrieri P, Snover DC. Invasive Scopulariopsis in the immunocompromised host. Am J Med 83: 1163-66, 1987.
82. Nemunaitis J, Meyers JD, Buckner CD, Shannon-Dorcy K, Mori M, Shulman H, Bianco JA, Higano CS, Groves E, Storb R, Hansen J, Appelbaum FR, Singer JW. Phase I trial of recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with invasive fungal infections. Blood 78: 907-13, 1991.
83. Ness MJ, Markin RS, Wood RP, Shaw Jr.BW, Woods GL. Disseminated Trichosporon beigelii infection after orthotopic liver transplantation. Am J Clin Pathol 92: 119-23, 1989.
84. Nishioka G, Schwartz JG, Rinaldi MG, Aufdemorte TB, Mackie E. Fungal maxillary sinusitis caused by Curvularia lunata. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 113: 665-66, 1987.
85. Nohinek B, Zee-Cheng CS, Barnes WG, Dali L, Gibbs HR. Infective endocarditis of a bicuspid aortic valve caused by Hansenula anomala. Am J Med 82: 165-68, 1987.
86. Parsonnet J. Trichosporon beigelii peritonitis. South Med J 82:1062-63, 1989.
87. Pedersen NB, Mardh PA, Hallberg T, Jonsson N. Cutaneous alternariosis. Br J Dermatol 94: 201-9, 1976.
88. Phillips P, Wood WS, Phillips G, Rinaldi MG. Invasive hyalohyphomycosis caused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis in a patient undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 12: 429-32, 1989.
89. Pierce NF, Millan JC, Bender BS, Curtis JL. Disseminated Curvularia infection. Additional therapeutic and clinical considerations with evidence of medical cure. Arch Pathol Lab Med 110: 959-61, 1986.
90. Pirsch JD, Maki DG. Infectious complications in adults with bone marrow transplantation and T-cell depletion of donor marrow. Ann Intern Med 104: 619-31, 1986.
91. Pitrak DL, Koneman EW, Estupinan RC, Jackson J. Phialphora richardsiae infection in humans. Rev Infect Dis 10:1195-1203, 1988.
92. Pizzo PA, Walsh TJ. Fungal infections in the pediatric cancer patient. Semin Oncol 17: 6-9, 1990.
93. Powell DA, Aungst J, Snedden S, Hansen N, Brady M. Broviac catheter-related Malassezia furfur sepsis in five infants receiving intravenous fat emulsions. Pediatrics 105: 987-90, 1984.
94. Ragge NK, Hart JC, Eastv DL, Tyers AG. A case of fungal keratitis caused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis: Treatment with antifungal agents and penetrating keratoplastv. Br J Ophthalmol 74: 561-62, 1990.
95. Redline RW, Dahms BB. Malassezia pulmonary vasculitis in an infant on long-term intralipid therapy. N Engl J Med 305: 1395-98, 1981.
96. Reinhart HH, Urbanski DM, Harrington SD, Sobel JD. Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Trichosporon beigelii. Am J Med 84: 355-58, 1988.
97. Reyes FA, Buchman MT. Phialophora richardsiae infection mimicking a soft tissue mass of a finger. J Hand Surg [Br] 11: 274, 1986.
98. Richardson SE, Bannatyne RM, Summerbell RC, Milliken J, Gold R, Weitzman SS. Disseminated fusarial infection in the immunocompromised host. Rev Infect Dis 10: 1171-81, 1988.
99. Richet HM, McNeil MM, Edwards MC, Jarvis WR. Cluster of Malassezia furfur pulmonary infections in infants in a neonatal intensive-care unit. J Clin Microbiol 27: 1197-1200, 1989.
100. Rinaldi MG, Phillips P, Schwartz JG, Winn RE, Holt GR, Shagets FW, Elrod J, Nishioka G, Aufdemorte TB. Human Curvularia infections. Report of five cases and review of the literature. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 6: 27-39, 1987.
101. Rippon JW. Phaeohyphomycosis. In: Rippon JW, ed. Medical Mycology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp 297-324, 1988.
102. Rogers AL, Kennedy MJ. Opportunistic hyaline hyphomycetes. In: Balows A, Hausler Jr.WJ, Herrmann KL, Isenberg HD, Shadomy HJ, eds. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 5th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Society for Microbiology, pp 659-73, 1991.
103. Rohwedder JJ, Simmons JL, Colfer H, Gatmaitan B. Disseminated Curvularia lunata infection in a football player. Arch Intern Med 139: 940-41, 1979.
104. Rovira M, Marin P, Martin-Ortega E, Monsterrat E, Rozman C. Alternaria infection in a patient receiving chemotherapy for lymphoma. Acta Haematol 84: 98-100, 1990.
105. Rubinstein E, Noriega ER, Simberkoff MS, Holzman R, Rahal JJ Jr. Fungal endocarditis: Analysis of 24 cases and review of the literature. Medicine 54: 331-44, 1975.
106. Schlueter DP, Fink JN, Hensley GT. Wood-pulp workers' disease: A hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by Alternaria. Ann Intern Med 77: 907-14, 1972.
107. Schnadig VJ, Long EG, Washington JM, McNeely MC, Troum BA. Phialphora uem/cosa-induced subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis. Fine needle aspiration findings. Acta Cytol 30: 425-29, 1986.
108. Schneller FR, Gulati SC, Cunningham IB, O'Reilly RJ, Schmitt HJ, Clarkson BD. Fusarium infections in patients with hematologic malignancies. Leuk Res 14: 961-66, 1990.
109. Shamberger RC, Weinstein HJ, Grier HE, Levey RH. The surgical management of fungal pulmonary infections in children with acute myelogenous leukemia. J Pediatr Surg 20: 840-44, 1985.
110. Sheikh HA, Mahgoub S, Badi K. Postoperative endophthalmitis due to Trichosporon cutaneum. Br J Ophthalmol 58: 591-93, 1974.
111. Shek YH, Tucker MC, Viciana AL, Manz HJ, Connor DH. Malassezia furfur-disseminated infection in premature infants. Am J Clin Pathol 92: 595-603, 1989.
112. Sneeringer RM, Haas DW. Cutaneous Alternaria infection in a patient on chronic corticosteroids. J Tenn Med Assoc 83: 15-17, 1990.
113. Stein PD, Folkens AT, Hruska KA. Saccharomyces fungemia. Chest 58: 173-75, 1970.
114. Steinberg GK, Britt RH, Enzmann DR, Finlay JL, Arvin AM. Fusarium brain abscess. J Neurosurg 58: 598-601, 1983.
115. Sundaram BM, Badrinath S, Subramanian S. Studies on mycotic keratitis. Mycoses 32: 568-72, 1989.
116. Surmont I, Vergauwen B, Marcelis L, Verbist L, Verhoef G, Boogaerts M. First report of chronic meningitis caused by Trichosporon beigelii. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 9: 226-29, 1990.
117. Szombathy SP, Chez MG, Laxer RM. Acute septic arthritis due to Acremonium. J Rheumatol 15: 714-15, 1988.
118. Tam M, Freeman S. Phaeohyphomycosis due to Phialophora richardsiae. Australas J Dermatol 30: 37-40, 1989.
119. Tollemar J, Ringden O, Aschan J, Sundberg B. Which bone marrow transplant recipients are at risk of acquiring life-threatening fungal infections? Tarnsplant Proc 22: 208-9, 1990.
120. Tollemar J, Ringden O, Bostrom L, Nilsson B, Sundberg B. Variables predicting deep fungal infections in bone marrow transplant recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant 4: 635-41, 1989.
121. Toshniwal R, Goodman S, Ally SA, Ray V, Bodino C, Kallick CA. Endocarditis due to Chrysosporium species: A disease of medical progress? J Infect Dis 153: 638-39, 1986.
122. Ujhelyi MR, Raasch RH, van der Horst CM, Mattern WD. Treatment of peritonitis due to Curuularia and Trichosporon with amphotericin B. Rev Infect Dis 12: 621-27, 1990.
123. Valenstein P, Schell WA. Primary intranasal Fusarium infection. Potential for confusion with rhinocerebral zygomycosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 110: 751-54, 1986.
124. Velez H, Diaz F. Onychomycosis due to saprophytic fungi. Report of 25 cases. Mycopathologia 91: 87-92, 1985.
125. Venditti M, Micozzi A, Gentile G, Polonelli L, Morace G, Bianco P, Avvisati G, Papa G, Martino P. Invasive Fusarium solani infections in patients with acute leukemia. Rev Infect Dis 10: 653-60, 1988.
126. Verfaillie C, Weisdorf D, Haake R, Hostetter M, Ramsay NKC, McGlave P. Candida infections in bone marrow transplant recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant 8: 177-84, 1991.
127. Walsh TJ, Melcher GP, Rinaldi MG, Lecciones J, McGough DA, Kelly P, Lee J, Callender D, Rubin M, Pizzo PA. Trichosporon beigelii, an emerging pathogen resistant to amphotericin B. J Clin Microbiol 28: 1616-22, 1990.
128. Walsh TJ, Newman KR, Moody M, Wharton RC, Wade JC. Trichosporonosis in patients with neoplastic disease. Medicine 65: 268-79, 1986.
129. Weiss SJ, Schoch PE, Cunha BA. Malassezia furfur fungemia associated with central venous catheter lipid emulsion infusion. Heart Lung 20: 87-90, 1991.
130. Wheat LJ, Bartlett M, Ciccarelli M, Smith JW. Opportunistic Scopulariopsis pneumonia in an immunocompromised host. South Med J 77: 1608-9, 1984.
131. Wheeler MS, McGinnis MR, Schell WA, Walker DH. Fusarium infection in burned patients. Am J Clin pathol 75: 304-11, 1981.
132. Wiest PM, Wiese K, Jacobs MR, Morrissey AB, Abelson TI, Witt W, Lederman MM. Alternaria infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Case report and review of invasive Alternaria infections. Rev Infect Dis 9: 799-803, 1987.
133. Wiley JM, Smith N, Leventhal BG, Graham ML, Strauss LC, Hurwitz CA, Modlin J, Mellits D, Baumgardner R, Corden BJ, Civin CI. Invasive fungal disease in pediatric acute leukemia patients with fever and neutropenia during induction chemotherapy: A multivariate analysis of risk factors. J Clin Oncol 8: 280-86, 1990.
134. Wilhelmus KR, Robinson NM, Font RA, Hamill MB, Jones DB. Fungal keratitis in contact lens wearers. Am J Ophthalmol 106: 708-14, 1988.
135. Winston DJ, Balsley GE, Rhodes J, Linne SR. Disseminated Trichosporon capitatum infection in an immunosuppressed host. Arch Intern Med 137: 1192-95, 1977.
136. Wong PK, Ching WTW, Kwon-Chung KJ, Meyer RD. Disseminated Phialophora parasitica infection in humans: Case report and review. Rev Infect Dis 11: 770-75, 1989.
137. Wong V, Ross L, Opas L, Lieberman E. Rhodotorula rubra peritonitis in a child undergoing intermittent cycling peritoneal dialysis. J Infect Dis 157: 393-94, 1988.
138. Young JB, Ahmed-Jushuf IH, Brownjohn AM, Parsons FM, Foulkes SJ, Evans EG. Opportunistic peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Clin Nephrol 22: 268-69, 1984.
139. Young NA, Kwon-Chung KJ, Kubota TT, Jennings AE, Fisher RI. Disseminated infection by Fusarium moniliforme during treatment for malignant lymphoma. J Clin Microbiol 7: 589-94, 1978.
140. Young RC, Bennett JE. Invasive aspergillosis: Absence of detectable antibody response. Am Rev Respir Dis 104: 710-16, 1971.