A Longitudinal Twin Study of Personality and Major Depression in Women

Archives of General Psychiatry

Volumn 50, Issue 11, 1993, Pages 853-862

  Kendler, Kenneth S ^a   Neale, Michael C ^a   Kessler, Ronald C ^b   Heath, Andrew C ^c   Eaves, Lindon J ^a  

^a VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^c WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DEPRESSION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; EXTRAVERSION; FEMALE; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GENETIC RISK; HEREDITY; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; NEUROSIS; PERSONALITY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; TWINS;

ADULT; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; DISEASES IN TWINS; EXTRAVERSION (PSYCHOLOGY); FEMALE; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MODELS, GENETIC; PERSONALITY; REGISTRIES; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS; SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S.; TWINS, DIZYGOTIC; TWINS, MONOZYGOTIC; VIRGINIA;

EID: 0027376522     PISSN: 0003990X     EISSN: 15383636     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820230023002     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Jackson SW. Melancholia and Depression: From Hippocratic Times to Modern Times. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press; 1986.
2. Von Zerssen D. Premorbid personality and affective psychoses. In: Burrows GD, ed. Handbook of Studies on Depression. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Excerpta Medica; 1977: 79–103.
3. Kraepelin E. Manic-Depressive Illness and Paranoia. Edinburgh, Scotland: E & S Livingstone; 1921.
4. Kretschmer E; Sproft WJH, trans. Physique and Character. London, England: Kegan Paul Trench Trubner & Co Ltd; 1936.
5. Schneider K; MW Hamilton, trans. Psychopathic Personalities. London, England: Cassell & Co Ltd; 1958.
6. Chodoff P. The depressive personality: a critical review. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1972;27: 666–673.
7. Eysenck HJ, Eysenck SBG. Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. London, England; Hodder & Stoughton; 1975.
8. Hirschfeld RMA, Klerman GL, Clayton PJ, Keller MB, McDonald-Scott P, Larkin BH. Assessing personality: effects of the depressive state on trait measurement. Am J Psychiatry. 1983;140: 695–699.
9. John OP. The ‘big five’ factor taxonomy: dimensions of personality in the natural language and in questionnaires. In: Pervin L, ed. Handbook of Personality Theory and Research. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 1990: 66–100.
10. Eaves LJ, Eysenck HJ, Martin NG, Jardine R, Heath AC, Feingold L, Young PA, Kendler KS. Genes, Culture and Personality: An Empirical Approach. London, England: Oxford University Press; 1989.
11. McGuire RJ, Mowbray RM, Vallance RC. The Maudsley Personality Inventory used with psychiatric inpatients. Br J Psychol. 1963;54: 157–166.
12. Wetzel RD, Cloninger CR, Hong B, Reich T. Personality as a subclinical expression of the affective disorders. Compr Psychiatry. 1980;21: 197–205.
13. Hirschfeld RMA, Klerman GL. Personality attributes and affective disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 1979;136: 67–70.
14. Kendell RE, DiScipio WJ. Eysenck Personality Inventory scores of patients with depressive illnesses. Br J Psychiatry. 1968;114: 767–770.
15. Bech P, Jorgensen B, Jeppesen K, Poulson DL, Vanggaard T. Personality in depression: concordance between clinical assessment and questionnaires. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1986;74: 263–268.
16. Kerr TA, Schapira K, Roth M, Garside RF. The relationship between the Maudsley Personality Inventory and the course of affective disorders. Br J Psychiatry. 1970;116: 11–19.
17. Coppen A, Metcalfe M. Effects of a depressive illness on MPI scores. Br J Psychiatry. 1965;111: 236–239.
18. Bartholomew AA, Marley E. The temporal reliability of the Maudsley Personality Inventory. J Ment Sci. 1959;105: 238–240.
19. Mezey AG, Cohen SI, Knight EJ. Personality assessment under varying physiological and psychological conditions. J Psychosom Res. 1963;7: 237–240.
20. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Lawton JM. The relationships between neuroticism and depressive symptoms. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1989;24: 275–281.
21. Matussek P, Feil WB. Personality attributes of depressive patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1983;40: 783–790.
22. Hirschfeld RMA, Klerman GL, Keller MB, Andreasen NC, Clayton PJ. Personality of recovered patients with bipolar affective disorder. J Affect Disord. 1986;11: 81–89.
23. Reich J, Noyes R Jr, Hirschfeld R, Coryell W, O'Gorman T. State and personality in depressed and panic patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1987;144: 181–187.
24. Metcalfe M. The personality of depressive patients, 1. assessment of change, 2. assessment of the premorbid personality. In: Coppen A, Walk A, eds. Recent Developments in Affective Disorders: A Symposium. Ashford, England: Headley Brothers Ltd; 1968: 97–104.
25. Davidson J, Miller R, Strickland R. Neuroticism and personality disorder in depression. J Affect Disord. 1985;8: 177–182.
26. Bech P, Shapiro RW, Sihm F, Nielsen BM, Sorensen B, Rafaelsen OJ. Personality in unipolar and bipolar manic-melancholic patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1980;62: 245–257.
27. Weissman MM, Prusoff BA, Klerman GL. Personality and the prediction of longterm outcome of depression. Am J Psychiatry. 1978;135: 797–800.
28. Zeiss AM, Lewinsohn PM. Enduring deficits after remissions of depression: a test of the scar hypothesis. Behav Res Ther. 1988;26: 151–158.
29. Akiskal HS, Hirschfeld RMA, Yerevanian Bl. The relationship of personality to affective disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1983;40: 801–810.
30. Shapiro S, Skinner EA, Kessler LG, Von Korff M, German PS, Tischler GL, Leaf PJ, Benham L, Cottler L, Regier DA. Utilization of health and mental health services: three Epidemiologic Catchment Area sites. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984;41: 971–978.
31. Angst J, Clayton P. Premorbid personality of depressive, bipolar, and schizophrenic patients with special reference to suicidal issues. Compr Psychiatry. 1986;27: 511–532.
32. Nystrom S, Lindegard B. Predisposition for mental syndromes: a study comparing predisposition for depression, neurasthenia and anxiety state. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1975;51: 69–76.
33. Hirschfeld RMA, Klerman GL, Lavori PW, Keller MB, Griffith P, Coryell W. Pre morbid personality assessments of first onset of major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989;46: 345–350.
34. Boyce P, Parker G, Barnett B, Cooney M, Smith F. Personality as a vulnerability factor to depression. Br J Psychiatry. 1991;159: 106–114.
35. Heath AC, Neale MC, Kessler RC, Eaves LJ, Kendler KS. Evidence for genetic influences on personality from self-reports and from informant ratings. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1992;63: 85–96.
36. Tsuang MT, Faraone SV. The Genetics of Mood Disorders. Baltimore, Md: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 1990.
37. Krieg JC, Lauer CJ, Hermle L, von Bardeleben U, Pollmacher T, Holsboer F. Psychometric, polysomnographic, and neuroendocrine measures in subjects at high risk for psychiatric disorders: preliminary results. Neuropsychobiology. 1990;23: 57–67.
38. Maier W, Lichtermann D, Minges J, Heun R. Personality traits in subjects at risk for unipolar major depression: a family study perspective. J Affect Disord. 1992;24: 153–164.
39. Katz R, McGuffin P. Neuroticism in familial depression. Psychol Med. 1987;17: 155–161.
40. Hirschfeld RMA, Klerman GL, Clayton PJ, Keller MB. Personality and depression: empirical findings. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1983;40: 993–998.
41. Ouimette PC, Klein DN, Clark DC, Margolis ET. Personality traits in offspring of parents with unipolar affective disorder: an exploratory study. J Pers Disord. 1992;6: 91–98.
42. Kendler KS, Neale MC, Kessler RC, Heath AC, Eaves LJ. A population-based twin study of major depression in women: the impact of varying definitions of illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992;49: 257–266.
43. Spence JE, Corey LA, Nance WE, Marazita ML, Kendler KS, Schieken RM. Molecular analysis of twin zygosity using VNTR DNA probes. Am J Hum Genet. 1988;43:159. Abstract.
44. Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Gibbon M. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. New York, NY: New York State Psychiatric Institute; 1987.
45. Cohen J. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educ Psychol Meas. 1960;20: 37–46.
46. Bromet EJ, Dunn LO, Connell MM, Dew MA, Schulberg HC. Long-term reliability of diagnosing lifetime major depression in a community sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986;43: 435–440.
47. SAS Institute. SAS User's Guide: Statistics, Version 5. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; 1985.
48. Kendler KS, Neale MC, Kessler RC, Heath AC, Eaves LJ. A longitudinal twin study of 1-year prevalence of major depression in women. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993;50: 843–852.
49. Kish L, Frankel MR. Inferences from complex samples. JR Stat Soc Ser B. 1974;36: 1–37.
50. Pearson K. Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution, VIII: on the correlation of characters not quantitatively measurable. Proc R Soc. 1901;66: 241–244.
51. Falconer DS. The inheritance of liability to certain diseases, estimated from the incidence among relatives. Ann Hum Genet. 1965;29: 51–76.
52. Joreskog KG, Sorbom D. PRELIS: A Preprocessor for LISREL. Mooresville, Ind: Scientific Software; 1988.
53. Neale MC. Statistical Modeling With Mx. Richmond, Va: Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University; 1991.
54. Akaike H. Factor analysis and AIC. Psychometrika. 1987;52: 317–332.
55. Eysenck HJ. Manual of Maudsley Personality Inventory. San Diego, Calif: Educational & Industrial Testing Service; 1962.
56. Cattell RB, Eber HW, Talsuoka MM. Handbook for the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF). Champaign, III: Institute for Personality & Ability Testing; 1970.
57. Lewinsohn PM, Steinmetz JL, Larson DW, Franklin J. Depression-related cognitions: antecedent or consequence? J Abnorm Psychol. 1981;90: 213–219.
58. Duggan CF, Sham P, Lee AS, Murray RM. Does recurrent depression lead to a change in neuroticism? Psychol Med. 1991;21: 985–990.
59. Eysenck SBG, Eysenck HJ, Barrett P. A revised version of the psychoticism scale. Pers Individ Diff. 1985;6: 21–29.
60. Weissman MM, Bruce ML, Leaf PJ, Florio LP, Holzer C. Affective disorders. In: Robins LN, Regier DA, eds. Psychiatric Disorders in America: The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. New York, NY: The Free Press; 1991: 53–80.
61. Cannell C, Marquis K, Laurent A. A Summary of Studies of Interviewing Methodology. Rockville, Md: National Center for Health Statistics; 1977.
62. Madow WG. Net Differences in Interview Data on Chronic Conditions and Information Derived From Medical Records. Rockville, Md: National Center for Health Statistics; 1973.
63. Aneshensel CS, Estrada AL, Hansell MJ, Clark VA. Social psychological aspects of reporting behavior: lifetime depressive episode reports. J Health Soc Behav. 1987;28: 232–246.