메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 5, 1993, Pages 913-924

A Brief History of the Pneumococcus in Biomedical Research: A Panoply of Scientific Discovery

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PENICILLIN G; PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE;

EID: 0027372678     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: 15376591     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/clinids/17.5.913     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (96)

References (159)
  • 1
    • 0002578219 scopus 로고
    • Note sur la maladie nouvelle provoquee par la salive d’un enfant mort de la rage
    • Pasteur L. Note sur la maladie nouvelle provoquee par la salive d’un enfant mort de la rage. Bulletin de l’Academie de Medicine (Paris) [series 2] 1881;10:94-103.
    • (1881) Bulletin De L’academie De Medicine (Paris) [Series 2] , vol.10 , pp. 94-103
    • Pasteur, L.1
  • 2
    • 0001739892 scopus 로고
    • Roux. Sur une maladie nouvelle, provoquee par la salive d’un enfant mort de la rage
    • Pasteur L, ChAmberland MM, Roux. Sur une maladie nouvelle, provoquee par la salive d’un enfant mort de la rage. Compt Rend Acad d sci 1881;92:159-65.
    • (1881) Compt Rend Acad D Sci , vol.92 , pp. 159-165
    • Pasteur, L.1    Chamberland, M.M.2
  • 3
    • 0007747647 scopus 로고
    • A fatal form of septicaemia in the rabbit, produced by the subcutaneous injection of human saliva
    • Sternberg GM. A fatal form of septicaemia in the rabbit, produced by the subcutaneous injection of human saliva. Annual Reports of the National Board of Health 1881a;3:87-108.
    • (1881) Annual Reports of the National Board of Health , vol.3 , pp. 87-108
    • Sternberg, G.M.1
  • 4
    • 0001243771 scopus 로고
    • A fatal form of septicaemia in the rabbit, produced by the subcutaneous injection of human saliva
    • Sternberg GM. A fatal form of septicaemia in the rabbit, produced by the subcutaneous injection of human saliva. National Board of Health Bulletin 1881b;2:781-3.
    • (1881) National Board of Health Bulletin , vol.2 , pp. 781-783
    • Sternberg, G.M.1
  • 7
    • 84962997341 scopus 로고
    • The pneumonia-coccus of Friedlander (Micrococcus Pasteuri. Sternberg)
    • Sternberg GM. The pneumonia-coccus of Friedlander (Micrococcus Pasteuri. Sternberg). Am J Med Sci 1885;90:106-23.
    • (1885) Am J Med Sci , vol.90 , pp. 106-123
    • Sternberg, G.M.1
  • 8
    • 84879087591 scopus 로고
    • Weitere Beitrage zur Lehre von den Mikrococcen der genuinen fibrinosen Pneumonie
    • Fraenkel A. Weitere Beitrage zur Lehre von den Mikrococcen der genuinen fibrinosen Pneumonie. Zeitschrift ftir Klinische Medicin 1886b;11:437-58.
    • (1886) Zeitschrift Ftir Klinische Medicin , vol.11 , pp. 437-458
    • Fraenkel, A.1
  • 9
    • 0007590672 scopus 로고
    • The families and genera of the bacteria: Final report of the committee of the Society of American Bacteriologists on characterization and classification of bacterial types
    • Winslow CEA, Broadhurst J, Buchanan RE, Krumwiede C, Rogers LA, Smith GH. The families and genera of the bacteria: final report of the committee of the Society of American Bacteriologists on characterization and classification of bacterial types. J Bacteriol 1920;5:191-229.
    • (1920) J Bacteriol , vol.5 , pp. 191-229
    • Winslow, C.1    Broadhurst, J.2    Buchanan, R.E.3    Krumwiede, C.4    Rogers, L.A.5    Smith, G.H.6
  • 10
    • 0006533128 scopus 로고
    • Aetiologie und pathologische Anatomie der akuten lungenentzundungen
    • Weichselbaum A. Aetiologie und pathologische Anatomie der akuten lungenentzundungen. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 1886a;36:1301-5.
    • (1886) Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift , vol.36 , pp. 1301-1305
    • Weichselbaum, A.1
  • 11
    • 0006533128 scopus 로고
    • Aetiologie und pathologische Anatomie der akuten lungenentzundungen
    • Weichselbaum A. Aetiologie und pathologische Anatomie der akuten lungenentzundungen. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 1886b;36:1339-44.
    • (1886) Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift , vol.36 , pp. 1339-1344
    • Weichselbaum, A.1
  • 12
    • 0006533128 scopus 로고
    • Aetiologie und pathologische Anatomie der akuten lungenentzundungen
    • Weichselbaum A. Aetiologie und pathologische Anatomie der akuten lungenentzundungen. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 1886c;36:1367-71.
    • (1886) Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift , vol.36 , pp. 1367-1371
    • Weichselbaum, A.1
  • 13
    • 0005148550 scopus 로고
    • Ueber die Aetiologie der acuten Lungen- und Rippenfellentzundungen
    • Weichselbaum A. Ueber die Aetiologie der acuten Lungen- und Rippenfellentzundungen. Medizinische JahrbUcher [series 3] 1886d: 483-554.
    • (1886) Medizinische Jahrbucher [Series 3] , pp. 483-554
    • Weichselbaum, A.1
  • 14
    • 0006261159 scopus 로고
    • Family: Streptococcaceae. Fam. Nov
    • Buchanan RE, Gibbons NE, eds., 8th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins
    • Deibel RH, Seeley HW. Family: Streptococcaceae. Fam. nov. In: Buchanan RE, Gibbons NE, eds. Bergy’s manual of determinative bacteriology. 8th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1974: 490-517.
    • (1974) Bergy’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology , pp. 490-517
    • Deibel, R.H.1    Seeley, H.W.2
  • 17
    • 84892064496 scopus 로고
    • Die genuine Pneumonie
    • Fraenkel A. Die genuine Pneumonie. Verh Cong Inn Med 1884;3: 17-31.
    • (1884) Verh Cong Inn Med , vol.3 , pp. 17-31
    • Fraenkel, A.1
  • 19
    • 45449089977 scopus 로고
    • De la meningite due au pneumocoque (Avec ou sans pneumonie)
    • Netter
    • Netter. De la meningite due au pneumocoque (avec ou sans pneumonie). Archives Generales de Medecine [series 7] 1887;19:257-77, 434-55.
    • (1887) Archives Generales De Medecine [Series 7] , vol.19
  • 20
    • 0001201239 scopus 로고
    • Mikroorganismen im Secrete der Otitis media acuta
    • Zaufal E. Mikroorganismen im Secrete der Otitis media acuta. Prager Medicinische Wochenschrift 1887;12:225-7.
    • (1887) Prager Medicinische Wochenschrift , vol.12 , pp. 225-227
    • Zaufal, E.1
  • 21
    • 0019546724 scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcus: The first one hundred years
    • Austrian R. Pneumococcus: the first one hundred years. Rev Infect Dis 1981;3:183-9.
    • (1981) Rev Infect Dis , vol.3 , pp. 183-189
    • Austrian, R.1
  • 22
    • 0019536566 scopus 로고
    • Some observations on the pneumococcus and on the current status of pneumococcal disease and its prevention
    • Austrian R. Some observations on the pneumococcus and on the current status of pneumococcal disease and its prevention. Rev Infect Dis 1981;3(suppl):S1-17.
    • (1981) Rev Infect Dis , vol.3
    • Austrian, R.1
  • 23
    • 0000631895 scopus 로고
    • Ueber die isolierte Farbung der Schizomyceten in Schnittund Trockenpraparaten
    • Gram C. Ueber die isolierte Farbung der Schizomyceten in Schnittund Trockenpraparaten. Fortschr Med 1884;2:185-9.
    • (1884) Fortschr Med , vol.2 , pp. 185-189
    • Gram, C.1
  • 24
    • 0001238545 scopus 로고
    • Versuche uber Immunisirung und Heilung bei der Pneumokokkeninfection
    • Klemperer G, Klemperer F. Versuche uber Immunisirung und Heilung bei der Pneumokokkeninfection. Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift 1891a;28:869-75.
    • (1891) Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift , vol.28 , pp. 869-875
    • Klemperer, G.1    Klemperer, F.2
  • 25
    • 0001238545 scopus 로고
    • Versuche Ober Immunisirung und Heilung bei der Pneumokokkeninfection
    • Klemperer G, Klemperer F. Versuche Ober Immunisirung und Heilung bei der Pneumokokkeninfection. Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift 1891b;28:833-5.
    • (1891) Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift , vol.28 , pp. 833-835
    • Klemperer, G.1    Klemperer, F.2
  • 26
    • 68349109275 scopus 로고
    • Contribution a l’etude de l’immunite acquise contre le pneumocoque
    • Issaeff B. Contribution a l’etude de l’immunite acquise contre le pneumocoque. Annales de l’Institut Pasteur 1893;7:260-79.
    • (1893) Annales De L’institut Pasteur , vol.7 , pp. 260-279
    • Issaeff, B.1
  • 27
    • 84875568823 scopus 로고
    • Etudes sur l’immunite. 4 memoire. L’immunite des cobayes vaccines contre le vibrio Metchnikowii
    • Metchnikoff E. Etudes sur l’immunite. 4 memoire. L’immunite des cobayes vaccines contre le vibrio Metchnikowii. Annales de l’Institut Pasteur 1891;5:465-78.
    • (1891) Annales De L’institut Pasteur , vol.5 , pp. 465-478
    • Metchnikoff, E.1
  • 28
    • 34347143698 scopus 로고
    • Ueber die Agglutination der Pneumokokken und uber die Theorien der Agglutination
    • Neufeld F. Ueber die Agglutination der Pneumokokken und uber die Theorien der Agglutination. Zeitschrift fur Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten (Leipzig) 1902;40:54-72.
    • (1902) Zeitschrift Fur Hygiene Und Infektionskrankheiten (Leipzig) , vol.40 , pp. 54-72
    • Neufeld, F.1
  • 29
    • 3142663360 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory diagnosis of Pneumococcus infections
    • Lund E. Laboratory diagnosis of Pneumococcus infections. Bull World Health Organ 1960;23:5-13.
    • (1960) Bull World Health Organ , vol.23 , pp. 5-13
    • Lund, E.1
  • 30
    • 84912259476 scopus 로고
    • Ueber die Antikorper des streptokokken- und pneumokokken-Immunserums
    • Neufeld F, Rimpau W. Ueber die Antikorper des streptokokken- und pneumokokken-Immunserums. Deutsche Medicinische Wochenschrift 1904;30:1458-60.
    • (1904) Deutsche Medicinische Wochenschrift , vol.30 , pp. 1458-1460
    • Neufeld, F.1    Rimpau, W.2
  • 31
    • 85012708269 scopus 로고
    • Decomposition of the capsular polysaccharide of pneumococcus type III by a bacterial enzyme
    • Dubos R, Avery OT. Decomposition of the capsular polysaccharide of pneumococcus type III by a bacterial enzyme. J Exp Med 1931;54:51-71.
    • (1931) J Exp Med , vol.54 , pp. 51-71
    • Dubos, R.1    Avery, O.T.2
  • 32
    • 85025384985 scopus 로고
    • The protective action of a specific enzyme against type III pneumococcus infections in mice
    • Avery OT, Dubos R. The protective action of a specific enzyme against type III pneumococcus infections in mice. J Exp Med 1931;54:73-89.
    • (1931) J Exp Med , vol.54 , pp. 73-89
    • Avery, O.T.1    Dubos, R.2
  • 33
    • 85025417729 scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcus pneumonia in monkeys: II. Treatment with an enzyme which decomposes the specific capsular polysaccharide of pneumococcus type III
    • Francis T Jr, Terrell EE, Dubos R, Avery OT. Experimental type III pneumococcus pneumonia in monkeys: II. Treatment with an enzyme which decomposes the specific capsular polysaccharide of pneumococcus type III. J Exp Med 1934;59:641-68.
    • (1934) J Exp Med , vol.59 , pp. 641-668
    • Francis, T.1    Terrell, E.E.2    Dubos, R.3    Avery, O.T.4    Experimental Type, I.5
  • 34
    • 0000052321 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the opsonic and tropic action of normal and immune sera based on experiments with the pneumococcus
    • Ward HK, Enders J F. An analysis of the opsonic and tropic action of normal and immune sera based on experiments with the pneumococcus. J Exp Med 1933;57:527-47.
    • (1933) J Exp Med , vol.57 , pp. 527-547
    • Ward, H.K.1    Enders, J.F.2
  • 35
    • 0014532978 scopus 로고
    • The enhancement of bacterial phagocytosis by serum: The role of complement components and two cofactors
    • Johnston RB, Klemperer MR, Alper CA, Rosen FS. The enhancement of bacterial phagocytosis by serum: the role of complement components and two cofactors. J Exp Med 1969;129:1275-90.
    • (1969) J Exp Med , vol.129 , pp. 1275-1290
    • Johnston, R.B.1    Klemperer, M.R.2    Alper, C.A.3    Rosen, F.S.4
  • 36
    • 0021698424 scopus 로고
    • Complement and the host’s defense against the pneumococcus
    • Winkelstein JA. Complement and the host’s defense against the pneumococcus. CRC Crit Rev Microbiol 1984;11:187-208.
    • (1984) CRC Crit Rev Microbiol , vol.11 , pp. 187-208
    • Winkelstein, J.A.1
  • 37
    • 0026633235 scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal disease during HIV infection: Epidemiologic, clinical, and immunologic perspectives
    • Janoff EN, Breiman RF, Daley CL, Hopewell PC. Pneumococcal disease during HIV infection: epidemiologic, clinical, and immunologic perspectives. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:314-24.
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.117 , pp. 314-324
    • Janoff, E.N.1    Breiman, R.F.2    Daley, C.L.3    Hopewell, P.C.4
  • 39
    • 0006297432 scopus 로고
    • A biologic classification of pneumococci by means of immunity reactions
    • Dochez AR, Gillespie U. A biologic classification of pneumococci by means of immunity reactions. JAMA 1913;61:727-32.
    • (1913) JAMA , vol.61 , pp. 727-732
    • Dochez, A.R.1    Gillespie, U.2
  • 42
    • 0006297740 scopus 로고
    • An immunological study of Pneumococcus mucosus
    • Hanes FM. An immunological study of Pneumococcus mucosus. J Exp Med 1914;19:38-51.
    • (1914) J Exp Med , vol.19 , pp. 38-51
    • Hanes, F.M.1
  • 43
    • 0014840646 scopus 로고
    • Some biological properties of pneumococcus type 37 and the chemistry of its capsular polysaccharide
    • Knecht JC, Schiffman G, Austrian R. Some biological properties of pneumococcus type 37 and the chemistry of its capsular polysaccharide. J Exp Med 1970;132:475-87.
    • (1970) J Exp Med , vol.132 , pp. 475-487
    • Knecht, J.C.1    Schiffman, G.2    Austrian, R.3
  • 44
    • 0025123720 scopus 로고
    • Immunogenicity and immunochemistry of Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides
    • van Dam JEG, Fleer A, Snippe H. Immunogenicity and immunochemistry of Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1990;58:1-47.
    • (1990) Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek , vol.58 , pp. 1-47
    • Van Dam, J.1    Fleer, A.2    Snippe, H.3
  • 45
    • 84964161112 scopus 로고
    • Soluble substance of pneumococcus origin in the blood and urine during lobar pneumonia
    • Dochez AR, Avery OT. Soluble substance of pneumococcus origin in the blood and urine during lobar pneumonia. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1917;14:126-7.
    • (1917) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.14 , pp. 126-127
    • Dochez, A.R.1    Avery, O.T.2
  • 46
    • 0002216052 scopus 로고
    • The soluble specific substance of pneumococcus
    • Heidelberger M, Avery OT. The soluble specific substance of pneumococcus. J Exp Med 1923;38:73-9.
    • (1923) J Exp Med , vol.38 , pp. 73-79
    • Heidelberger, M.1    Avery, O.T.2
  • 47
    • 33947342933 scopus 로고
    • Immunologically specific polysaccharides
    • Heidelberger M. Immunologically specific polysaccharides. Chemical Reviews 1927;3:403-23.
    • (1927) Chemical Reviews , vol.3 , pp. 403-423
    • Heidelberger, M.1
  • 49
    • 50749083240 scopus 로고
    • Observations on prophylactic inoculation against pneumococcus infections, and on the results which have been achieved by it
    • Wright AE, Morgan WP, Colebrook L, Dodgson RW. Observations on prophylactic inoculation against pneumococcus infections, and on the results which have been achieved by it. Lancet 1914;1:1-10, 87-95.
    • (1914) Lancet , vol.1
    • Wright, A.E.1    Morgan, W.P.2    Colebrook, L.3    Dodgson, R.W.4
  • 52
    • 2442461394 scopus 로고
    • Biologic significance of the soluble specific substances of pneumococci
    • Felton LD, Baily GH. Biologic significance of the soluble specific substances of pneumococci. J Infect Dis 1926;38:131-44.
    • (1926) J Infect Dis , vol.38 , pp. 131-144
    • Felton, L.D.1    Baily, G.H.2
  • 53
    • 0006386421 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous reactions in pneumonia: The development of antibodies following the intradermal injection of typespecific polysaccharide
    • Francis T, Tillett WS. Cutaneous reactions in pneumonia: the development of antibodies following the intradermal injection of typespecific polysaccharide. J Exp Med 1930;52:573-85.
    • (1930) J Exp Med , vol.52 , pp. 573-585
    • Francis, T.1    Tillett, W.S.2
  • 54
    • 0013312388 scopus 로고
    • Specific antibody response of human subjects to intracutaneous injection of pneumococcal products
    • Finland M. Sutliff WD. Specific antibody response of human subjects to intracutaneous injection of pneumococcal products. J Exp Med 1932;55:853-65.
    • (1932) J Exp Med , vol.55 , pp. 853-865
    • Finland, M.1    Sutliff, W.D.2
  • 55
    • 0009552455 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous reactions and antibody response to intracutaneous injections of pneumococcus polysaccharides
    • Finland M, Dowling HF. Cutaneous reactions and antibody response to intracutaneous injections of pneumococcus polysaccharides. J Immunol 1935;29:285-99.
    • (1935) J Immunol , vol.29 , pp. 285-299
    • Finland, M.1    Dowling, H.F.2
  • 56
    • 0002146509 scopus 로고
    • RuegseggerJM. Immunization of human subjects with the specific carbohydrates of type III and the related type VIII pneumococcus
    • Finland M, RuegseggerJM. Immunization of human subjects with the specific carbohydrates of type III and the related type VIII pneumococcus. J Clin Invest 1935;14:829-32.
    • (1935) J Clin Invest , vol.14 , pp. 829-832
    • Finland, M.1
  • 57
    • 0342789283 scopus 로고
    • Reactions of human subjects to the injection of purified type specific pneumococcus polysaccharides
    • Finland M, Brown JW. Reactions of human subjects to the injection of purified type specific pneumococcus polysaccharides. J Clin Invest 1938;17:479-88.
    • (1938) J Clin Invest , vol.17 , pp. 479-488
    • Finland, M.1    Brown, J.W.2
  • 58
    • 0001379187 scopus 로고
    • White Hi. A study ofa type I pneumococcus epidemic at the state hospital at Worcester, Mass
    • Smillie WG, Warnock GH, White Hi. A study ofa type I pneumococcus epidemic at the state hospital at Worcester, Mass. Am J Public Health 1938;28:293-302.
    • (1938) Am J Public Health , vol.28 , pp. 293-302
    • Smillie, W.G.1    Warnock, G.H.2
  • 59
    • 0006374401 scopus 로고
    • Studies on immunizing substances in pneumococci: VII. Response in human beings to antigenic pneumococcus polysaccharides, types I and II
    • Felton LD. Studies on immunizing substances in pneumococci: VII. Response in human beings to antigenic pneumococcus polysaccharides, types I and II. Public Health Rep 1938;53:1855-77.
    • (1938) Public Health Rep , vol.53 , pp. 1855-1877
    • Felton, L.D.1
  • 60
    • 84925229676 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia by immunization with specific capsular. Polysaccharides
    • MacLeod CM, Hodges RG, Heidelberger M, Bernhard WG. Prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia by immunization with specific capsular. polysaccharides. J Exp Med 1945;82:445-65.
    • (1945) J Exp Med , vol.82 , pp. 445-465
    • Macleod, C.M.1    Hodges, R.G.2    Heidelberger, M.3    Bernhard, W.G.4
  • 61
    • 84873757512 scopus 로고
    • The human antibody response to simultaneous injection of six specific polysaccharides of pneumococcus
    • Heidelberger M, MacLeod CM, di Lapi MM. The human antibody response to simultaneous injection of six specific polysaccharides of pneumococcus. J Exp Med 1948;88:369-72.
    • (1948) J Exp Med , vol.88 , pp. 369-372
    • Heidelberger, M.1    Macleod, C.M.2    Di Lapi, M.M.3
  • 62
    • 0001147638 scopus 로고
    • Pneumonia in old age: Active immunization against pneumonia with pneumococcus polysaccharide; results of a six year study
    • Kaufman P. Pneumonia in old age: active immunization against pneumonia with pneumococcus polysaccharide; results of a six year study. Arch Intern Med 1947;79:518-31.
    • (1947) Arch Intern Med , vol.79 , pp. 518-531
    • Kaufman, P.1
  • 63
    • 0017762584 scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal infection and pneumococcal vaccine
    • Austrian R. Pneumococcal infection and pneumococcal vaccine. N Engl J Med 1977;297:938-9.
    • (1977) N Engl J Med , vol.297 , pp. 938-939
    • Austrian, R.1
  • 65
    • 0021020651 scopus 로고
    • Considerations for formulating the second generation pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine with emphasis on the cross-reactive types within groups
    • Robbins JB, Austrian R, Lee C-J, et al. Considerations for formulating the second generation pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine with emphasis on the cross-reactive types within groups. J Infect Dis 1983;148:1136-59.
    • (1983) J Infect Dis , vol.148 , pp. 1136-1159
    • Robbins, J.B.1    Austrian, R.2    Lee, C.-J.3
  • 66
    • 0025336364 scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal vaccination: Work to date and future prospects
    • Musher DM, Watson DA, Dominguez EA. Pneumococcal vaccination: work to date and future prospects. Am J Med Sci 1990;300:45-52.
    • (1990) Am J Med Sci , vol.300 , pp. 45-52
    • Musher, D.M.1    Watson, D.A.2    Dominguez, E.A.3
  • 67
    • 0026611642 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of host defense against infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Bruyn GAW, Zegers BJM, van Furth R. Mechanisms of host defense against infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis 1992;14:251-62.
    • (1992) Clin Infect Dis , vol.14 , pp. 251-262
    • Bruyn, G.1    Zegers, B.2    Van Furth, R.3
  • 68
    • 0025992253 scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal vaccine: Past, present, and future
    • Broome CV, Breiman RF. Pneumococcal vaccine: past, present, and future. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1506-8.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 1506-1508
    • Broome, C.V.1    Breiman, R.F.2
  • 71
    • 0021160537 scopus 로고
    • A controlled evaluation of the protective efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine for patients at high risk of serious pneumococcal infections
    • Shapiro ED, Clemens JD. A controlled evaluation of the protective efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine for patients at high risk of serious pneumococcal infections. Ann Intern Med 1984;101:325-30.
    • (1984) Ann Intern Med , vol.101 , pp. 325-330
    • Shapiro, E.D.1    Clemens, J.D.2
  • 72
    • 0026042704 scopus 로고
    • The protective efficacy of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
    • Shapiro ED, Berg AT, Austrian R, et al. The protective efficacy of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1453-60.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 1453-1460
    • Shapiro, E.D.1    Berg, A.T.2    Austrian, R.3
  • 73
    • 0018897839 scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal vaccine and otitis media
    • Makela PH, Sibakov M, Herva E, et al. Pneumococcal vaccine and otitis media. Lancet 1980;2:547-51.
    • (1980) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 547-551
    • Makela, P.H.1    Sibakov, M.2    Herva, E.3
  • 74
    • 0021751887 scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae infections and bacteremia in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome with report of a pneumococcal vaccine failure
    • Simberkoff MS, El Sadr W, Schiffman G, Rahal JJ. Streptococcus pneumoniae infections and bacteremia in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome with report of a pneumococcal vaccine failure. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;130:1174-6.
    • (1984) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.130 , pp. 1174-1176
    • Simberkoff, M.S.1    El Sadr, W.2    Schiffman, G.3    Rahal, J.J.4
  • 75
    • 0026503698 scopus 로고
    • Antibody to capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae after vaccination of human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects with 23- valent pneumococcal vaccine
    • Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Musher DM, Lahart C, et al. Antibody to capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae after vaccination of human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects with 23- valent pneumococcal vaccine. J Infect Dis 1992;165:553-6.
    • (1992) J Infect Dis , vol.165 , pp. 553-556
    • Rodriguez-Barradas, M.C.1    Musher, D.M.2    Lahart, C.3
  • 76
    • 0019997581 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the induction of immunoglobulin M and G antibodies in mice with purified pneumococcal type 3 and meningococcal group C polysaccharides and their protein conjugates
    • Beuvery EC, van Rossum F, Nagel J. Comparison of the induction of immunoglobulin M and G antibodies in mice with purified pneumococcal type 3 and meningococcal group C polysaccharides and their protein conjugates. Infect Immun 1982;37:15-22.
    • (1982) Infect Immun , vol.37 , pp. 15-22
    • Beuvery, E.C.1    Van Rossum, F.2    Nagel, J.3
  • 77
    • 0020072340 scopus 로고
    • Immune response of neonates to pneumococcal polysaccharide- protein conjugate
    • Lin KT, Lee CJ. Immune response of neonates to pneumococcal polysaccharide- protein conjugate. Immunology 1982;46:333-42.
    • (1982) Immunology , vol.46 , pp. 333-342
    • Lin, K.T.1    Lee, C.J.2
  • 78
    • 0021249664 scopus 로고
    • Serum antibody responses of juvenile and infant rhesus monkeys injected with Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcus type 6A capsular polysaccharide- protein conjugates
    • Schneerson R, Robbins JB, Chu C, et al. Serum antibody responses of juvenile and infant rhesus monkeys injected with Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcus type 6A capsular polysaccharide- protein conjugates. Infect Immun 1984;45:582-91.
    • (1984) Infect Immun , vol.45 , pp. 582-591
    • Schneerson, R.1    Robbins, J.B.2    Chu, C.3
  • 79
    • 0022621957 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative and qualitative analyses of serum antibodies elicited in adults by Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcus type 6A capsular polysaccharide- tetanus toxoid conjugates
    • Schneerson R, Robbins JB, Park JC, et al. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of serum antibodies elicited in adults by Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcus type 6A capsular polysaccharide- tetanus toxoid conjugates. Infect Immun 1986;52:519-28.
    • (1986) Infect Immun , vol.52 , pp. 519-528
    • Schneerson, R.1    Robbins, J.B.2    Park, J.C.3
  • 84
    • 0000966196 scopus 로고
    • A study of ethylhydrocuprein (Optochin) in the treatment of acute lobar pneumonia
    • Moore HF, Chesney AM. A study of ethylhydrocuprein (optochin) in the treatment of acute lobar pneumonia. Arch Intern Med 1917;19:611-82.
    • (1917) Arch Intern Med , vol.19 , pp. 611-682
    • Moore, H.F.1    Chesney, A.M.2
  • 85
    • 20444482619 scopus 로고
    • Specific cutaneous reactions and circulating antibodies in the course of lobar pneumonia: II. Cases treated with antipneumococcic sera
    • Finland M, Sutliff WD. Specific cutaneous reactions and circulating antibodies in the course of lobar pneumonia: II. Cases treated with antipneumococcic sera. J Exp Med 1931;54:653-67.
    • (1931) J Exp Med , vol.54 , pp. 653-667
    • Finland, M.1    Sutliff, W.D.2
  • 86
    • 33749287642 scopus 로고
    • A study of the isolation and concentration of the specific antibodies of antipneumococcus sera
    • Felton LD. A study of the isolation and concentration of the specific antibodies of antipneumococcus sera. Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 1924;190:819-25.
    • (1924) Boston Medical and Surgical Journal , vol.190 , pp. 819-825
    • Felton, L.D.1
  • 87
    • 84963059605 scopus 로고
    • Immune transfusion in lobar pneumonia
    • Barach AL. Immune transfusion in lobar pneumonia. Am J Med Sci 1931;182:811-21.
    • (1931) Am J Med Sci , vol.182 , pp. 811-821
    • Barach, A.L.1
  • 88
    • 0006780913 scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy of pneumococcal and other infections with 2-(P-aminobenzenesulphonamido) pyridine
    • Whitby LEH. Chemotherapy of pneumococcal and other infections with 2-(p-aminobenzenesulphonamido) pyridine. Lancet 1938;1: 1210-2.
    • (1938) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1210-1212
    • Whitby, L.1
  • 89
    • 50349125804 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of pneumonia with 2-(Paminobenzenesulphonamido) pyridine
    • Evans GM, Gaisford WF. Treatment of pneumonia with 2-(paminobenzenesulphonamido) pyridine. Lancet 1938;2:14-9.
    • (1938) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 14-19
    • Evans, G.M.1    Gaisford, W.F.2
  • 90
    • 0043252087 scopus 로고
    • Sulfonamide-fast pneumococci: A clinical report of two cases of pneumonia together with experimental studies on the effectiveness of penicillin and tyrothricin against sulfonamide-resistant strains
    • Tillett WS, Cambier MJ, Harris WH. Sulfonamide-fast pneumococci: a clinical report of two cases of pneumonia together with experimental studies on the effectiveness of penicillin and tyrothricin against sulfonamide-resistant strains. J Clin Invest 1943;22: 249-55.
    • (1943) J Clin Invest , vol.22 , pp. 249-255
    • Tillett, W.S.1    Cambier, M.J.2    Harris, W.H.3
  • 91
    • 0000378637 scopus 로고
    • On the antibacterial action of cultures of a Penicillium with special reference to their useful isolation of B. Influenzae
    • Fleming A. On the antibacterial action of cultures of a Penicillium with special reference to their useful isolation of B. influenzae. British Journal of Experimental Pathology 1929;10:226-36.
    • (1929) British Journal of Experimental Pathology , vol.10 , pp. 226-236
    • Fleming, A.1
  • 92
    • 50349122268 scopus 로고
    • Further observations on penicillin
    • Abraham EP, Gardner AD, Chain E, et al. Further observations on penicillin. Lancet 1941;2:177-89.
    • (1941) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 177-189
    • Abraham, E.P.1    Gardner, A.D.2    Chain, E.3
  • 93
    • 85025377717 scopus 로고
    • Studies on a bactericidal agent extracted from a soil bacillus: II. Protective effect of the bactericidal agent against experimental pneumococcus infections in mice
    • Dubos RJ. Studies on a bactericidal agent extracted from a soil bacillus: II. Protective effect of the bactericidal agent against experimental pneumococcus infections in mice. J Exp Med 1939;70:11-7.
    • (1939) J Exp Med , vol.70 , pp. 11-17
    • Dubos, R.J.1
  • 94
    • 0001546676 scopus 로고
    • Fractionation of the bactericidal agent from cultures of a soil bacillus [letter]
    • Hotchkiss RD, Dubos RJ. Fractionation of the bactericidal agent from cultures of a soil bacillus [letter]. J Biol Chem 1940;132:791-2.
    • (1940) J Biol Chem , vol.132 , pp. 791-792
    • Hotchkiss, R.D.1    Dubos, R.J.2
  • 95
    • 84963049891 scopus 로고
    • Toxicity for dogs of a bactericidal substance derived from a soil bacillus
    • MacLeod CM, Mirick GS, Curnen EC. Toxicity for dogs of a bactericidal substance derived from a soil bacillus. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1940;43:461-3.
    • (1940) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.43 , pp. 461-463
    • Macleod, C.M.1    Mirick, G.S.2    Curnen, E.C.3
  • 96
    • 50349107247 scopus 로고
    • Penicillin as a chemotherapeutic agent
    • Chain E, Jennings MA, Florey HW, et al. Penicillin as a chemotherapeutic agent. Lancet 1940;2:226-8.
    • (1940) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 226-228
    • Chain, E.1    Jennings, M.A.2    Florey, H.W.3
  • 98
    • 0000105222 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of lobar pneumonia and pneumococcal empyema with penicillin
    • Tillett WS, Cambier MJ, McCormack JE. The treatment of lobar pneumonia and pneumococcal empyema with penicillin. Bull N Y Acad Sci 1944;20:142-78.
    • (1944) Bull N Y Acad Sci , vol.20 , pp. 142-178
    • Tillett, W.S.1    Cambier, M.J.2    McCormack, J.E.3
  • 99
    • 0000899304 scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Mandell GL, Douglas RG Jr, Bennett JE, eds., 3rd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone
    • Mufson MA. Streptococcus pneumoniae. In: Mandell GL, Douglas RG Jr, Bennett JE, eds. Principles and practice of infectious diseases. 3rd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1990.
    • (1990) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases
    • Mufson, M.A.1
  • 100
    • 0002626843 scopus 로고
    • Induced resistance to penicillin of cultures of staphylococci, pneumococci, and streptococci
    • McKee CM, Houck CL. Induced resistance to penicillin of cultures of staphylococci, pneumococci, and streptococci. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1943;53:33-4.
    • (1943) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.53 , pp. 33-34
    • McKee, C.M.1    Houck, C.L.2
  • 101
    • 0001120922 scopus 로고
    • Development of resistance to penicillin by pneumococci
    • Schmidt LH, Sesler CL. Development of resistance to penicillin by pneumococci. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1943;52:353-7.
    • (1943) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.52 , pp. 353-357
    • Schmidt, L.H.1    Sesler, C.L.2
  • 102
    • 0001291428 scopus 로고
    • A resistant pneumococcus [letter]
    • Hansman D, Bullen MM. A resistant pneumococcus [letter]. Lancet 1967;2:264-5.
    • (1967) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 264-265
    • Hansman, D.1    Bullen, M.M.2
  • 103
    • 0008946279 scopus 로고
    • Multiple-antibiotic resistance of pneumococci: South Africa
    • Appelbaum PC, Koornhof HJ, Jacobs M, et al. Multiple-antibiotic resistance of pneumococci: South Africa. MMWR 1977;26:285-6.
    • (1977) MMWR , vol.26 , pp. 285-286
    • Appelbaum, P.C.1    Koornhof, H.J.2    Jacobs, M.3
  • 106
    • 0020972419 scopus 로고
    • StromingerJL. Penicillin-binding proteins and the mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics
    • Waxman DJ, StromingerJL. Penicillin-binding proteins and the mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics. Annu Rev Biochem 1983;52:825-69.
    • (1983) Annu Rev Biochem , vol.52 , pp. 825-869
    • Waxman, D.J.1
  • 107
    • 0017327167 scopus 로고
    • Properties of the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli K12
    • Spratt BG. Properties of the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli K12. Eur J Biochem 1977;72:341-52.
    • (1977) Eur J Biochem , vol.72 , pp. 341-352
    • Spratt, B.G.1
  • 108
    • 84961001467 scopus 로고
    • The binding of penicillin in relation to its cytotoxic action: I. Correlation between the penicillin sensitivity and combining activity of intact bacteria and cell-free extracts
    • Eagle H. The binding of penicillin in relation to its cytotoxic action: I. Correlation between the penicillin sensitivity and combining activity of intact bacteria and cell-free extracts. J Exp Med 1954;99:207-26.
    • (1954) J Exp Med , vol.99 , pp. 207-226
    • Eagle, H.1
  • 109
    • 13344289984 scopus 로고
    • The binding of penicillin in relation to its cytotoxic action: II. The reactivity with penicillin of resistant variants of streptococci, pneumococci, and staphylococci
    • Eagle H. The binding of penicillin in relation to its cytotoxic action: II. The reactivity with penicillin of resistant variants of streptococci, pneumococci, and staphylococci. J Exp Med 1954;100:103-15.
    • (1954) J Exp Med , vol.100 , pp. 103-115
    • Eagle, H.1
  • 110
    • 0018863264 scopus 로고
    • Multiple changes of penicillinbinding proteins in penicillin-resistant clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Hakenbeck R, Tarpay M, Tomasz A. Multiple changes of penicillinbinding proteins in penicillin-resistant clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1980;17: 364-71.
    • (1980) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.17 , pp. 364-371
    • Hakenbeck, R.1    Tarpay, M.2    Tomasz, A.3
  • 111
    • 0018860479 scopus 로고
    • Penicillin-binding proteins of multiply antibiotic- resistant South African strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Zighelboim S, Tomasz A. Penicillin-binding proteins of multiply antibiotic- resistant South African strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1980;17:434-42.
    • (1980) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.17 , pp. 434-442
    • Zighelboim, S.1    Tomasz, A.2
  • 112
    • 0022538204 scopus 로고
    • Penicillin- binding proteins of penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci: Immunological relatedness of altered proteins and changes in peptides carrying the /3-lactam binding site
    • Hakenbeck R, Ellerbrok H, Briese T, Handwerger S, Tomasz A. Penicillin- binding proteins of penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci: immunological relatedness of altered proteins and changes in peptides carrying the /3-lactam binding site. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1986;30:553-8.
    • (1986) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.30 , pp. 553-558
    • Hakenbeck, R.1    Ellerbrok, H.2    Briese, T.3    Handwerger, S.4    Tomasz, A.5
  • 113
    • 0023630316 scopus 로고
    • Tornette 5, van de Rijn I. Common antigenic determinants of pneumococcal penicillin-binding protein (PBP) la and Streptococcus pyogenes PBP 2
    • Hakenbeck R, Ellerbrok H, Tornette 5, van de Rijn I. Common antigenic determinants of pneumococcal penicillin-binding protein (PBP) la and Streptococcus pyogenes PBP 2. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1987;48:171-4.
    • (1987) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.48 , pp. 171-174
    • Hakenbeck, R.1    Ellerbrok, H.2
  • 114
    • 0024232206 scopus 로고
    • Penicillin-binding proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Chalkley U, Koornhof HJ. Penicillin-binding proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 1988;22:791-800.
    • (1988) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.22 , pp. 791-800
    • Chalkley, U.1    Koornhof, H.J.2
  • 115
    • 0024442294 scopus 로고
    • Extensive re-modelling of the transpeptidase domain of penicillin-binding protein 2B of a penicillin- resistant South African isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Dowson CG, Hutchinson A, Spratt BG. Extensive re-modelling of the transpeptidase domain of penicillin-binding protein 2B of a penicillin- resistant South African isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mol Microbiol 1989;3:95-102.
    • (1989) Mol Microbiol , vol.3 , pp. 95-102
    • Dowson, C.G.1    Hutchinson, A.2    Spratt, B.G.3
  • 116
    • 0024502447 scopus 로고
    • Penicillin-binding protein families: Evidence for the clonal nature of penicillin resistance in clinical isolates of pneumococci
    • Jabes D, Nachman S, Tomasz A. Penicillin-binding protein families: evidence for the clonal nature of penicillin resistance in clinical isolates of pneumococci. J Infect Dis 1989;159:16-25.
    • (1989) J Infect Dis , vol.159 , pp. 16-25
    • Jabes, D.1    Nachman, S.2    Tomasz, A.3
  • 117
    • 0025313681 scopus 로고
    • Penicillin-resistant viridans streptococci have obtained altered penicillin-binding protein genes from penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Dowson CG, Hutchison A, Woodford N, Johnson AP, George RC, Spratt BG. Penicillin-resistant viridans streptococci have obtained altered penicillin-binding protein genes from penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87:5858-62.
    • (1990) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.87 , pp. 5858-5862
    • Dowson, C.G.1    Hutchison, A.2    Woodford, N.3    Johnson, A.P.4    George, R.C.5    Spratt, B.G.6
  • 118
    • 84935395079 scopus 로고
    • Highly variable penicillinbinding proteins in penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Dunny GM, Cleary PP, McKay LL, eds., Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology
    • Hakenbeck R, Laible G, Briese T, et al. Highly variable penicillinbinding proteins in penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. In: Dunny GM, Cleary PP, McKay LL, eds. Genetics and molecular biology of streptococci, lactococci, and enterococci. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1991:92-5.
    • (1991) Genetics and Molecular Biology of Streptococci, Lactococci, and Enterococci , pp. 92-95
    • Hakenbeck, R.1    Laible, G.2    Briese, T.3
  • 119
    • 0024358135 scopus 로고
    • Horizontal transfer of penicillin-binding protein genes in penicillin-resistant clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Dowson CG, Hutchison A, Brannigan JA, et al. Horizontal transfer of penicillin-binding protein genes in penicillin-resistant clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989;86:8842-6.
    • (1989) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.86 , pp. 8842-8846
    • Dowson, C.G.1    Hutchison, A.2    Brannigan, J.A.3
  • 120
    • 0025797688 scopus 로고
    • Horizontal transfer of multiple penicillin-binding protein genes, and capsular biosynthetic genes, in natural populations of Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Coffey TJ, Dowson CG, Daniels M, et al. Horizontal transfer of multiple penicillin-binding protein genes, and capsular biosynthetic genes, in natural populations of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mol Microbiol 1991;5:2255-60.
    • (1991) Mol Microbiol , vol.5 , pp. 2255-2260
    • Coffey, T.J.1    Dowson, C.G.2    Daniels, M.3
  • 121
    • 0025800055 scopus 로고
    • Intercontinental spread of a multiresistant clone of serotype 23F Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Mutioz R, Coffey TJ, Daniels M, et al. Intercontinental spread of a multiresistant clone of serotype 23F Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Infect Dis 1991;164:302-6.
    • (1991) J Infect Dis , vol.164 , pp. 302-306
    • Mutioz, R.1    Coffey, T.J.2    Daniels, M.3
  • 122
    • 0021804315 scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic resistance and serotypes of 100 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated in a children’s hospital in Barcelona, Spain
    • Latorre C, Juncosa T, Sanfeliu I. Antibiotic resistance and serotypes of 100 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated in a children’s hospital in Barcelona, Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1985;28: 357-9.
    • (1985) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.28 , pp. 357-359
    • Latorre, C.1    Juncosa, T.2    Sanfeliu, I.3
  • 123
    • 0023736202 scopus 로고
    • Drug resistance patterns and serogroups or serotypes of pneumococcal isolates from cerebrospinal fluid or blood, 1979-1986
    • Klugman KP, Koornhof HJ. Drug resistance patterns and serogroups or serotypes of pneumococcal isolates from cerebrospinal fluid or blood, 1979-1986. J Infect Dis 1988;158:956-64.
    • (1988) J Infect Dis , vol.158 , pp. 956-964
    • Klugman, K.P.1    Koornhof, H.J.2
  • 124
    • 0025976062 scopus 로고
    • Extremely high incidence of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Hungary
    • Marton A, Gulyas M, Munoz R, Tomasz A. Extremely high incidence of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Hungary. J Infect Dis 1991;163:542-8.
    • (1991) J Infect Dis , vol.163 , pp. 542-548
    • Marton, A.1    Gulyas, M.2    Munoz, R.3    Tomasz, A.4
  • 125
    • 0345637636 scopus 로고
    • Variations in the pneumococcus induced by growth in immune serum
    • Stryker LM. Variations in the pneumococcus induced by growth in immune serum. J Exp Med 1916;24:49-68.
    • (1916) J Exp Med , vol.24 , pp. 49-68
    • Stryker, L.M.1
  • 126
    • 84954641401 scopus 로고
    • The influence of immune serum on the biological properties of pneumococci
    • Bacteriological studies. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office
    • Griffith F. The influence of immune serum on the biological properties of pneumococci. In: Reports on public health and medical subjects. No. 18. Bacteriological studies. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1923:1-13.
    • (1923) Reports on Public Health and Medical Subjects , Issue.18 , pp. 1-13
    • Griffith, F.1
  • 127
    • 33847172038 scopus 로고
    • Variation in bacteria in relation to agglutination both by salts and by specific serum
    • Arkwright JA. Variation in bacteria in relation to agglutination both by salts and by specific serum. J Pathol Bacteriol 1921;24:36-60.
    • (1921) J Pathol Bacteriol , vol.24 , pp. 36-60
    • Arkwright, J.A.1
  • 128
    • 84920056771 scopus 로고
    • The significance of pneumococcal types
    • Griffith F. The significance of pneumococcal types. J Hyg 1928;27:113-59.
    • (1928) J Hyg , vol.27 , pp. 113-159
    • Griffith, F.1
  • 130
    • 80052569706 scopus 로고
    • The interconvertibility of "R" and "S" forms of pneumococcus
    • Dawson MH. The interconvertibility of "R" and "S" forms of pneumococcus. J Exp Med 1928;47:577-91.
    • (1928) J Exp Med , vol.47 , pp. 577-591
    • Dawson, M.H.1
  • 131
    • 0001272060 scopus 로고
    • Sia RHP. In vitro transformation of pneumococcal types: I. A technique for inducing transformation of pneumococcal types in vitro
    • Dawson MH, Sia RHP. In vitro transformation of pneumococcal types: I. A technique for inducing transformation of pneumococcal types in vitro. J Exp Med 1931;54:681-99.
    • (1931) J Exp Med , vol.54 , pp. 681-699
    • Dawson, M.H.1
  • 132
    • 10144249068 scopus 로고
    • Further observations on the transformation of type-specific pneumococci by in vitro procedures
    • Dawson MH, Warbasse A. Further observations on the transformation of type-specific pneumococci by in vitro procedures. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1931;29:149-51.
    • (1931) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.29 , pp. 149-151
    • Dawson, M.H.1    Warbasse, A.2
  • 133
    • 33845607670 scopus 로고
    • Dawson MH. In vitro transformations of pneumococcal types: II. The nature of the factor responsible for the transformation of pneumococcal types
    • Sia RHP, Dawson MH. In vitro transformations of pneumococcal types: II. The nature of the factor responsible for the transformation of pneumococcal types. J Exp Med 1931;54:701-10.
    • (1931) J Exp Med , vol.54 , pp. 701-710
    • Sia, R.1
  • 134
    • 84968115343 scopus 로고
    • The transformation in vitro of R pneumococci into S forms of different specific types by the use of filtered pneumococcus extracts
    • Alloway JL. The transformation in vitro of R pneumococci into S forms of different specific types by the use of filtered pneumococcus extracts. J Exp Med 1932;55:91-9.
    • (1932) J Exp Med , vol.55 , pp. 91-99
    • Alloway, J.L.1
  • 135
    • 26844522623 scopus 로고
    • Further observations on the use of pneumococcus extracts in effecting transformation of type in vitro
    • Alloway JL. Further observations on the use of pneumococcus extracts in effecting transformation of type in vitro. J Exp Med 1933;57:265-78.
    • (1933) J Exp Med , vol.57 , pp. 265-278
    • Alloway, J.L.1
  • 137
    • 84983711696 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types: Induction of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from pneumococcus type III
    • Avery OT, MacLeod CM, McCarty M. Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types: induction of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from pneumococcus type III. J Exp Med 1944;79:137-57.
    • (1944) J Exp Med , vol.79 , pp. 137-157
    • Avery, O.T.1    Macleod, C.M.2    McCarty, M.3
  • 138
    • 33748800873 scopus 로고
    • Gene, transforming principle, and DNA
    • Cairns J, Stent G, Watson JD, eds., Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Press
    • Hotchkiss RD. Gene, transforming principle, and DNA. In: Cairns J, Stent G, Watson JD, eds. Phage and the origins of molecular biology. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Press, 1966.
    • (1966) Phage and the Origins of Molecular Biology
    • Hotchkiss, R.D.1
  • 139
    • 84956944553 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types: II. Effect of desoxyribonuclease on the biological activity of the transforming substance
    • McCarty M, Avery OT. Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types: II. Effect of desoxyribonuclease on the biological activity of the transforming substance. J Exp Med 1946;83:89-96.
    • (1946) J Exp Med , vol.83 , pp. 89-96
    • McCarty, M.1    Avery, O.T.2
  • 140
    • 0343197845 scopus 로고
    • Transfer of penicillin resistance in pneumococci by the desoxyribonucleate derived from resistant cultures
    • Hotchkiss RD. Transfer of penicillin resistance in pneumococci by the desoxyribonucleate derived from resistant cultures. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1951;16:457-61.
    • (1951) Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol , vol.16 , pp. 457-461
    • Hotchkiss, R.D.1
  • 142
    • 0344706840 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous production of two capsular polysaccharides by pneumococcus: I. Properties ofa pneumococcus manifesting binary capsulation
    • Austrian R, Bernheimer HP. Simultaneous production of two capsular polysaccharides by pneumococcus: I. Properties ofa pneumococcus manifesting binary capsulation. J Exp Med 1959;110:571-84.
    • (1959) J Exp Med , vol.110 , pp. 571-584
    • Austrian, R.1    Bernheimer, H.P.2
  • 143
    • 0001385447 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous production of two capsular polysaccharides by pneumococcus: II. The genetic and biochemical bases of binary capsulation
    • Austrian R, Bernheimer HP, Smith EEB, Mills GT. Simultaneous production of two capsular polysaccharides by pneumococcus: II. The genetic and biochemical bases of binary capsulation. J Exp Med 1959;110:585-602.
    • (1959) J Exp Med , vol.110 , pp. 585-602
    • Austrian, R.1    Bernheimer, H.P.2    Smith, E.3    Mills, G.T.4
  • 144
    • 0000345109 scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal capsular transformations of pneumococci
    • Ravin AW. Reciprocal capsular transformations of pneumococci. J Bacteriol 1959;77:296-309.
    • (1959) J Bacteriol , vol.77 , pp. 296-309
    • Ravin, A.W.1
  • 145
    • 0017163590 scopus 로고
    • Genetic mapping of the K I and K4 antigens (L) of Escherichia coli
    • Orskov I, Sharma V, Orskov F. Genetic mapping of the K I and K4 antigens (L) of Escherichia coli. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [B] 1976;84:125-31.
    • (1976) Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [B] , vol.84 , pp. 125-131
    • Orskov, I.1    Sharma, V.2    Orskov, F.3
  • 146
    • 0021343041 scopus 로고
    • Genetic and molecular analyses of Escherichia coli Kl antigen genes
    • Silver RP, Vann WF, Aaronson W. Genetic and molecular analyses of Escherichia coli Kl antigen genes. J Bacteriol 1984;157:568-75.
    • (1984) J Bacteriol , vol.157 , pp. 568-575
    • Silver, R.P.1    Vann, W.F.2    Aaronson, W.3
  • 147
    • 0023351591 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the K1 capsule biosynthesis genes of Escherichia coll. Definition of three functional regions for capsule production
    • Boulnois GJ, Roberts IS, Hodge R, Hardy KR, Jann KB, Timmis KN. Analysis of the K1 capsule biosynthesis genes of Escherichia coll. definition of three functional regions for capsule production. Mol Gen Genet 1987;208:242-6.
    • (1987) Mol Gen Genet , vol.208 , pp. 242-246
    • Boulnois, G.J.1    Roberts, I.S.2    Hodge, R.3    Hardy, K.R.4    Jann, K.B.5    Timmis, K.N.6
  • 148
    • 0021333149 scopus 로고
    • Cloning of chromosomal DNA from Haemophilus influen:Ae: Its use for studying the expression of type b capsule and virulence
    • Moxon ER, Deich RA, Connelly C. Cloning of chromosomal DNA from Haemophilus influen:ae: its use for studying the expression of type b capsule and virulence. J Clin Invest 1984;73:298-306.
    • (1984) J Clin Invest , vol.73 , pp. 298-306
    • Moxon, E.R.1    Deich, R.A.2    Connelly, C.3
  • 149
    • 0022508853 scopus 로고
    • Genes involved in Haemophilus influenzae type b capsule expression are part of an 18-kilobase tandem duplication
    • Hoiseth SK, Moxon ER, Silver RP. Genes involved in Haemophilus influenzae type b capsule expression are part of an 18-kilobase tandem duplication. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986;83:1106-10.
    • (1986) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.83 , pp. 1106-1110
    • Hoiseth, S.K.1    Moxon, E.R.2    Silver, R.P.3
  • 150
    • 0024279882 scopus 로고
    • Capsule loss in Haemophilus influenzae type b occurs by recombination-mediated disruption of a gene essential for polysaccharide export
    • Kroll JS, Hopkins I, Moxon ER. Capsule loss in Haemophilus influenzae type b occurs by recombination-mediated disruption of a gene essential for polysaccharide export. Cell 1988;53:347-56.
    • (1988) Cell , vol.53 , pp. 347-356
    • Kroll, J.S.1    Hopkins, I.2    Moxon, E.R.3
  • 151
    • 0024389536 scopus 로고
    • Common organization of chromosomal loci for production of different capsular polysaccharides in Haemophilus influenzae
    • Kroll JS, Zamze S, Loynds B, Moxon ER. Common organization of chromosomal loci for production of different capsular polysaccharides in Haemophilus influenzae. J Bacteriol 1989;171:3343-7.
    • (1989) J Bacteriol , vol.171 , pp. 3343-3347
    • Kroll, J.S.1    Zamze, S.2    Loynds, B.3    Moxon, E.R.4
  • 152
    • 0024991328 scopus 로고
    • Interruption of capsule production in Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 by insertion of transposon Tn9/6
    • Watson DA, Musher DM. Interruption of capsule production in Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 by insertion of transposon Tn9/6. Infect Immun 1990;58:3135-8.
    • (1990) Infect Immun , vol.58 , pp. 3135-3138
    • Watson, D.A.1    Musher, D.M.2
  • 153
    • 84963027442 scopus 로고
    • Initial characterization of a cloned sequence required for encapsulation of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 [abstract no B-165]
    • Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology
    • Watson DA, Musher DM, Jacobson JW. Initial characterization of a cloned sequence required for encapsulation of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 [abstract no B-165]. In: Program and abstracts of the 91st annual meeting of the American Society for Microbiology. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1991.
    • (1991) Program and Abstracts of the 91St Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology
    • Watson, D.A.1    Musher, D.M.2    Jacobson, J.W.3
  • 154
    • 0026512896 scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal proteins and the pathogenesis of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Boulnois GJ. Pneumococcal proteins and the pathogenesis of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Gen Microbiol 1992; 138:249-59.
    • (1992) J Gen Microbiol , vol.138 , pp. 249-259
    • Boulnois, G.J.1
  • 155
    • 0026542944 scopus 로고
    • Strong association between capsular type and virulence for mice among human isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Briles DE, Crain MJ, Gray BM, Forman C, Yother J. Strong association between capsular type and virulence for mice among human isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun 1992;60: 111-6.
    • (1992) Infect Immun , vol.60 , pp. 111-116
    • Briles, D.E.1    Crain, M.J.2    Gray, B.M.3    Forman, C.4    Yother, J.5
  • 156
    • 0022845869 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of a surface protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae recognised by protective monoclonal antibodies
    • McDaniel LS, Scott G, Widenhofer K, Carroll JM, Briles DE. Analysis of a surface protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae recognised by protective monoclonal antibodies. Microb Pathog 1986;1:519-31.
    • (1986) Microb Pathog , vol.1 , pp. 519-531
    • McDaniel, L.S.1    Scott, G.2    Widenhofer, K.3    Carroll, J.M.4    Briles, D.E.5
  • 158
    • 0025976331 scopus 로고
    • PspA, a surface protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae, is capable of eliciting protection against pneumococci of more than one capsular type
    • McDaniel LS, Sheffield JS, Delucchi P, Briles DE. PspA, a surface protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae, is capable of eliciting protection against pneumococci of more than one capsular type. Infect Immun 1991;59:222-8.
    • (1991) Infect Immun , vol.59 , pp. 222-228
    • McDaniel, L.S.1    Sheffield, J.S.2    Delucchi, P.3    Briles, D.E.4
  • 159
    • 0026689286 scopus 로고
    • A highly conserved repeated DNA element located in the chromosome of Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Martin B, Humbert O, Camara M, et al. A highly conserved repeated DNA element located in the chromosome of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Nucleic Acids Res 1992;20:3479-83.
    • (1992) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.20 , pp. 3479-3483
    • Martin, B.1    Humbert, O.2    Camara, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.