메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 230-250

Leishmaniases of the New World: Current concepts and implications for future research

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMASTIGOTE; CELL MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; DEMOGRAPHY; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; GENE AMPLIFICATION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOME; HUMAN; HYPERSENSITIVITY; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOBLOTTING; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE TEST; INFLAMMATION; INGESTION; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; LEISHMANIASIS; MUTATION; NONHUMAN; PARASITE VECTOR; PARASITE VIRULENCE; PROMASTIGOTE; PUBLIC HEALTH; REVIEW; TAXONOMY; VIRULENCE; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; ZOONOSIS;

EID: 0027317582     PISSN: 08938512     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.6.3.230     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (467)

References (328)
  • 1
    • 0024352787 scopus 로고
    • Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Vlannia) braziliensis associated with domestic animals in Venezuela and Brazil
    • Aguilar, C. M., E. F. Rangel, L. Garcia, E. Fernandez, H. Momen, and G. Grimaldi, Jr. 1989. Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Vlannia) braziliensis associated with domestic animals in Venezuela and Brazil. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 84:19-28.
    • (1989) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz , vol.84 , pp. 19-28
    • Aguilar, C.M.1    Rangel, E.F.2    Garcia, L.3    Fernandez, E.4    Momen, H.5    Grimaldi Jr., G.6
  • 3
    • 0023748802 scopus 로고
    • Differential recognition of Leishmania aethiopica antigens by lymphocytes from patients with local and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. Evidence for antigen-induced immune suppression
    • Akuffo, H. O., T. E. Fehniger, and S. Britton. 1988. Differential recognition of Leishmania aethiopica antigens by lymphocytes from patients with local and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. Evidence for antigen-induced immune suppression. J. Immunol. 141:2461-2466.
    • (1988) J. Immunol. , vol.141 , pp. 2461-2466
    • Akuffo, H.O.1    Fehniger, T.E.2    Britton, S.3
  • 6
    • 0024726681 scopus 로고
    • Association of visceral leishmaniasis and human immunodeficiency infections
    • Alvar, J., J. Blazquez, and R. Najera. 1989. Association of visceral leishmaniasis and human immunodeficiency infections. J. Infect. Dis. 160:560-561.
    • (1989) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.160 , pp. 560-561
    • Alvar, J.1    Blazquez, J.2    Najera, R.3
  • 7
    • 0024465142 scopus 로고
    • The validity of the developmental pattern in the sandfly gut for classification of Leishmania
    • Anez, N., E. Nieves, and D. Cazorla. 1989. The validity of the developmental pattern in the sandfly gut for classification of Leishmania. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 83:634-635.
    • (1989) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.83 , pp. 634-635
    • Anez, N.1    Nieves, E.2    Cazorla, D.3
  • 8
    • 0023516790 scopus 로고
    • Rapid detection of Leishmania amastigotes in fluid aspirates and biopsies of human tissues
    • Anthony, R. L., M. Grogl, J. B. Sacci, and R. W. Ballou. 1987. Rapid detection of Leishmania amastigotes in fluid aspirates and biopsies of human tissues. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 37:271-276.
    • (1987) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.37 , pp. 271-276
    • Anthony, R.L.1    Grogl, M.2    Sacci, J.B.3    Ballou, R.W.4
  • 10
    • 0025106251 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical characterization of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana by isoenzymes
    • Arana, M. M., D. A. Evans, A. Zolessi, A. Llanos-Cuentas, and Arevalo. 1990. Biochemical characterization of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana by isoenzymes. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 90:526-529.
    • (1990) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.90 , pp. 526-529
    • Arana, M.M.1    Evans, D.A.2    Zolessi, A.3    Llanos-Cuentas, A.4    Arevalo5
  • 11
    • 0022346868 scopus 로고
    • Flagellate infections of Brazilian sandflies (Diptera:Psychodidae). Isolation in vitro and biochemical identification of Endotrypanum and Leishmania
    • Arias, J. R., M. A. Miles, R. D. Naiff, M. M. Povoa, R. A. de Freitas, C. B. Biancardi, and E. G. Castellon. 1985. Flagellate infections of Brazilian sandflies (Diptera:Psychodidae). Isolation in vitro and biochemical identification of Endotrypanum and Leishmania. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 34:1098-1108.
    • (1985) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.34 , pp. 1098-1108
    • Arias, J.R.1    Miles, M.A.2    Naiff, R.D.3    Povoa, M.M.4    De Freitas, R.A.5    Biancardi, C.B.6    Castellon, E.G.7
  • 12
    • 0014912311 scopus 로고
    • Leishmaniasis in Central Brazil: Results of a Montenegro skin test survey among amerindians in Xingu National Park
    • Aston, D. L., and A. P. Thorley. 1970. Leishmaniasis in Central Brazil: results of a Montenegro skin test survey among amerindians in Xingu National Park. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 64:671-678.
    • (1970) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.64 , pp. 671-678
    • Aston, D.L.1    Thorley, A.P.2
  • 13
    • 0022609920 scopus 로고
    • Leishmania donovani: An opportunistic microbe associated with progressive disease in three immunocompromised patients
    • Badaro, R., E. M. Carvalho, H. Rocha, A. C. Queiroz, and T. C. Jones. 1987. Leishmania donovani: an opportunistic microbe associated with progressive disease in three immunocompromised patients. Lancet 1:647-649.
    • (1987) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 647-649
    • Badaro, R.1    Carvalho, E.M.2    Rocha, H.3    Queiroz, A.C.4    Jones, T.C.5
  • 18
    • 0022612275 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies in American visceral leishmaniasis: Antigen selection for detection of infection-specific responses
    • Badaro, R., S. G. Reed, A. Barrai, G. Orge, and T. C. Jones. 1986. Evaluation of the micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies in American visceral leishmaniasis: antigen selection for detection of infection-specific responses. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 35:72-78.
    • (1986) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.35 , pp. 72-78
    • Badaro, R.1    Reed, S.G.2    Barrai, A.3    Orge, G.4    Jones, T.C.5
  • 19
    • 0025353590 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of stability of a soluble intradermal skin test antigen preparation in American visceral leishmaniasis
    • Badaro, R., D. Pedral-Sampaio, W. D. Johnson, Jr., and S. G. Reed. 1990. Evaluation of stability of a soluble intradermal skin test antigen preparation in American visceral leishmaniasis. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 84:226-227.
    • (1990) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.84 , pp. 226-227
    • Badaro, R.1    Pedral-Sampaio, D.2    Johnson Jr., W.D.3    Reed, S.G.4
  • 20
    • 0023217524 scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of high-dose sodium stibogluconate therapy of American cutaneous leishmaniasis
    • Ballou, W. R., J. B. McClain, D. M. Gordon, G. D. Shanks, J. Andujar, J. D. Berman, and J. D. Chulay. 1987. Safety and efficacy of high-dose sodium stibogluconate therapy of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet ii:13-16.
    • (1987) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 13-16
    • Ballou, W.R.1    McClain, J.B.2    Gordon, D.M.3    Shanks, G.D.4    Andujar, J.5    Berman, J.D.6    Chulay, J.D.7
  • 21
    • 0026768541 scopus 로고
    • Acute renal failure in visceral leishmaniasis treated with sodium stibogluconate
    • Balzan, M., and F. Fenech. 1992. Acute renal failure in visceral leishmaniasis treated with sodium stibogluconate. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 86:515-516.
    • (1992) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.86 , pp. 515-516
    • Balzan, M.1    Fenech, F.2
  • 22
    • 0023268289 scopus 로고
    • DNA diagnosis of human leishmaniasis
    • Barker, D. C. 1987. DNA diagnosis of human leishmaniasis. Parasitol. Today 3:177-184.
    • (1987) Parasitol. Today , vol.3 , pp. 177-184
    • Barker, D.C.1
  • 23
    • 0024363687 scopus 로고
    • Molecular approaches to DNA diagnosis
    • Barker, D. C. 1989. Molecular approaches to DNA diagnosis. Parasitology 99(Suppl.):S125-S146.
    • (1989) Parasitology , vol.99 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Barker, D.C.1
  • 24
    • 0041831395 scopus 로고
    • Sequence homology of kinetoplast DNA in Leishmania studied by filter hybridization of endonuclease digested fragments and in situ hybridization of individual organisms
    • J.-A. Rioux (ed.), Institut Mediterraneen d'Etudes Epidemiologiques et Ecologiques, Montpellier, France
    • Barker, D. C., J. Butcher, L. J. Gibson, W. P. K. Kennedy, R. H. Williams, C. A. Cuba, P. D. Marsden, R. Lainson, and J. J. Shaw. 1986. Sequence homology of kinetoplast DNA in Leishmania studied by filter hybridization of endonuclease digested fragments and in situ hybridization of individual organisms, p. 41-55. In J.-A. Rioux (ed.), Leishmania, taxonomie et phylogenese. Applications ecoepidemiologiques. Institut Mediterraneen d'Etudes Epidemiologiques et Ecologiques, Montpellier, France.
    • (1986) Leishmania, Taxonomie et Phylogenese. Applications Ecoepidemiologiques , pp. 41-55
    • Barker, D.C.1    Butcher, J.2    Gibson, L.J.3    Kennedy, W.P.K.4    Williams, R.H.5    Cuba, C.A.6    Marsden, P.D.7    Lainson, R.8    Shaw, J.J.9
  • 25
    • 0022472068 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of lymphocyte proliferative responses by sera from patients with American visceral leishmaniasis
    • Barral, A., E. M. Carvalho, R. Badaro, and M. Barral-Neto. 1986. Suppression of lymphocyte proliferative responses by sera from patients with American visceral leishmaniasis. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 35:735-742.
    • (1986) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.35 , pp. 735-742
    • Barral, A.1    Carvalho, E.M.2    Badaro, R.3    Barral-Neto, M.4
  • 29
    • 0025343041 scopus 로고
    • Interclonal variations in molecular karyotype in Leishmania infantum imply a "mosaic" strain structure
    • Bastien, P., C. Blaineau, M. Taminh, J.-A. Rioux, G. Roizes, and M. Pages. 1990. Interclonal variations in molecular karyotype in Leishmania infantum imply a "mosaic" strain structure. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 40:53-62.
    • (1990) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.40 , pp. 53-62
    • Bastien, P.1    Blaineau, C.2    Taminh, M.3    Rioux, J.-A.4    Roizes, G.5    Pages, M.6
  • 30
    • 0023746473 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of activated macrophage antimicrobial activities. Identification of lymphokines that cooperate with IFN-gamma for induction of resistance to infection
    • Belosevic, M., C. E. Davis, M. S. Meltzer, and C. A. Nacy. 1988. Regulation of activated macrophage antimicrobial activities. Identification of lymphokines that cooperate with IFN-gamma for induction of resistance to infection. J. Immunol. 141:890-896.
    • (1988) J. Immunol. , vol.141 , pp. 890-896
    • Belosevic, M.1    Davis, C.E.2    Meltzer, M.S.3    Nacy, C.A.4
  • 31
    • 0024412797 scopus 로고
    • Administration of monoclonal anti-IFN-gamma antibodies in vivo abrogates natural resistance of C3H/HeN mice to infection with Leishmania major
    • Belosevic, M., D. S. Finbloom, P. H. Van Der Meide, M. V. Slayter, and C. A. Nacy. 1989. Administration of monoclonal anti-IFN-gamma antibodies in vivo abrogates natural resistance of C3H/HeN mice to infection with Leishmania major. J. Immunol. 143:266-274.
    • (1989) J. Immunol. , vol.143 , pp. 266-274
    • Belosevic, M.1    Finbloom, D.S.2    Van Der Meide, P.H.3    Slayter, M.V.4    Nacy, C.A.5
  • 33
    • 0024004690 scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy for leishmaniasis: Biochemical mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and future strategies
    • Berman, J. D. 1988. Chemotherapy for leishmaniasis: biochemical mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and future strategies. Rev. Infect. Dis. 10:560-586.
    • (1988) Rev. Infect. Dis. , vol.10 , pp. 560-586
    • Berman, J.D.1
  • 34
    • 0019464554 scopus 로고
    • Expression of Leishmania antigen on the surface of infected human macrophages in vitro
    • Berman, J. D., and D. H. Dwyer. 1981. Expression of Leishmania antigen on the surface of infected human macrophages in vitro. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 44:342-348.
    • (1981) Clin. Exp. Immunol. , vol.44 , pp. 342-348
    • Berman, J.D.1    Dwyer, D.H.2
  • 35
    • 0026072572 scopus 로고
    • Gene amplification in Leishmania
    • Beverley, S. M. 1991. Gene amplification in Leishmania. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 45:417-444.
    • (1991) Annu. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.45 , pp. 417-444
    • Beverley, S.M.1
  • 36
    • 0025347967 scopus 로고
    • Recurrent de novo appearance of small linear DNAs in Leishmania major and relationship to extra-chromosomal DNAs in other species
    • Beverley, S. M., and C. M. Coburn. 1990. Recurrent de novo appearance of small linear DNAs in Leishmania major and relationship to extra-chromosomal DNAs in other species. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 42:133-142.
    • (1990) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.42 , pp. 133-142
    • Beverley, S.M.1    Coburn, C.M.2
  • 37
    • 0006906740 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the genus Leishmania as revealed by comparisons of nuclear DNA restriction fragment patterns
    • Beverley, S. M., R. B. Ismach, and D. McMahon-Pratt. 1987. Evolution of the genus Leishmania as revealed by comparisons of nuclear DNA restriction fragment patterns. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:484-488.
    • (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.84 , pp. 484-488
    • Beverley, S.M.1    Ismach, R.B.2    McMahon-Pratt, D.3
  • 38
    • 0024440529 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of Leishmania donovani stocks by genomic DNA heterogeneity and molecular karyotype
    • Bishop, R. P., and F. Akinsehinwa. 1989. Characterization of Leishmania donovani stocks by genomic DNA heterogeneity and molecular karyotype. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg83:629-634.
    • (1989) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg , vol.83 , pp. 629-634
    • Bishop, R.P.1    Akinsehinwa, F.2
  • 39
    • 0026536204 scopus 로고
    • Leishmaniasis epidemiology: All down to the DNA
    • Blackwell, J. M. 1992. Leishmaniasis epidemiology: all down to the DNA. Parasitology 104(Suppl.):S19-S34.
    • (1992) Parasitology , vol.104 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Blackwell, J.M.1
  • 40
    • 0042401532 scopus 로고
    • Different host genes recognize and control infection with taxonomically distinct Leishmania species
    • J.-A. Rioux (ed.), Institut Mediterraneen d'Etudes Epidemiologiques et Ecologiques, Montpellier, France
    • Blackwell, J. M., and J. Alexander. 1986. Different host genes recognize and control infection with taxonomically distinct Leishmania species, p. 211-219. In J.-A. Rioux (ed.), Leishmania: taxonomie et phylogenese. Aplications ecoepidemiologiques. Institut Mediterraneen d'Etudes Epidemiologiques et Ecologiques, Montpellier, France.
    • (1986) Leishmania: Taxonomie et Phylogenese. Aplications Ecoepidemiologiques , pp. 211-219
    • Blackwell, J.M.1    Alexander, J.2
  • 42
    • 17444452408 scopus 로고
    • Clinical trial of itraconazole in the treatment of deep mycoses and leishmaniasis
    • Borelli, D. A. 1987. Clinical trial of itraconazole in the treatment of deep mycoses and leishmaniasis. Rev. Infect. Dis. 9(Suppl. I):S57-S63.
    • (1987) Rev. Infect. Dis. , vol.9 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Borelli, D.A.1
  • 43
    • 0001340977 scopus 로고
    • Therapy in man
    • W. Peters and R. Killick-Kendrick (ed.), Academic Press, Ltd., London
    • Bryceson, A. 1987. Therapy in man, p. 847-907. In W. Peters and R. Killick-Kendrick (ed.), The leishmaniasis in biology and medicine, vol. 2. Academic Press, Ltd., London.
    • (1987) The Leishmaniasis in Biology and Medicine , vol.2 , pp. 847-907
    • Bryceson, A.1
  • 46
    • 0025972756 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a membrane antigen of Leishmania amazonensis that stimulates human immune responses
    • Burns, J. M., Jr., J. M. Scott, E. M. Carvalho, D. M. Russo, C. J. March, K. P. Van Ness, and S. G. Reed. 1991. Characterization of a membrane antigen of Leishmania amazonensis that stimulates human immune responses. J. Immunol. 146: 742-748.
    • (1991) J. Immunol. , vol.146 , pp. 742-748
    • Burns Jr., J.M.1    Scott, J.M.2    Carvalho, E.M.3    Russo, D.M.4    March, C.J.5    Van Ness, K.P.6    Reed, S.G.7
  • 47
    • 0024268165 scopus 로고
    • Genes encoding the major surface glycoprotein in Leishmania are tandemly linked at a single chromosomal locus and are constitutively transcribed
    • Button, L. L., D. G. Russell, H. Klein, E. Medina-Acosta, R. E. Karess, and W. R. McMaster. 1989. Genes encoding the major surface glycoprotein in Leishmania are tandemly linked at a single chromosomal locus and are constitutively transcribed. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 32:271-284.
    • (1989) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.32 , pp. 271-284
    • Button, L.L.1    Russell, D.G.2    Klein, H.3    Medina-Acosta, E.4    Karess, R.E.5    McMaster, W.R.6
  • 48
    • 0020674235 scopus 로고
    • Circulating immune complexes and rheumatoid factor in schistosomiasis and visceral leishmaniasis
    • Carvalho, E. M., B. S. Andrews, R. Martinelli, M. Dutra, and H. Rocha. 1983. Circulating immune complexes and rheumatoid factor in schistosomiasis and visceral leishmaniasis. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 32:61-69.
    • (1983) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.32 , pp. 61-69
    • Carvalho, E.M.1    Andrews, B.S.2    Martinelli, R.3    Dutra, M.4    Rocha, H.5
  • 50
    • 0022369062 scopus 로고
    • Absence of gamma interferon and interleukin 2 production during active visceral leishmaniasis
    • Carvalho, E. M., R. Badaro, S. G. Reed, T. Jones, and W. D. Johnson, Jr. 1985. Absence of gamma interferon and interleukin 2 production during active visceral leishmaniasis. J. Clin. Invest. 76:2066-2069.
    • (1985) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.76 , pp. 2066-2069
    • Carvalho, E.M.1    Badaro, R.2    Reed, S.G.3    Jones, T.4    Johnson Jr., W.D.5
  • 53
    • 0021173978 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms associated with immunoregulation in human American cutaneous leishmaniasis
    • Castes, M., A. Agnelli, and A. J. Rondon. 1984. Mechanisms associated with immunoregulation in human American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 57:279-286.
    • (1984) Clin. Exp. Immunol. , vol.57 , pp. 279-286
    • Castes, M.1    Agnelli, A.2    Rondon, A.J.3
  • 54
    • 0020520828 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the cellular immune response in American cutaneous leishmaniasis
    • Castes, M., A. Agnelli, O. Verde, and A. J. Rondon. 1984. Characterization of the cellular immune response in American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 27: 176-186.
    • (1984) Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. , vol.27 , pp. 176-186
    • Castes, M.1    Agnelli, A.2    Verde, O.3    Rondon, A.J.4
  • 55
    • 0023700905 scopus 로고
    • Membrane glycoprotein M-2 protects against Leishmania amazonensis infection
    • Champsi, J. A., and D. McMahon-Pratt. 1988. Membrane glycoprotein M-2 protects against Leishmania amazonensis infection. Infect. Immun. 52:3272-3279.
    • (1988) Infect. Immun. , vol.52 , pp. 3272-3279
    • Champsi, J.A.1    McMahon-Pratt, D.2
  • 56
    • 0025030523 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of leishmanias but not host macrophages by the antitubulin herbicide trifluralin
    • Chan, M. M.-Y., and D. Fong. 1990. Inhibition of leishmanias but not host macrophages by the antitubulin herbicide trifluralin. Science 249:924-925.
    • (1990) Science , vol.249 , pp. 924-925
    • Chan, M.M.-Y.1    Fong, D.2
  • 57
    • 0025086308 scopus 로고
    • Molecular determinants of Leishmania virulence
    • Chang, K.-P., G. Chauduri, and D. Fong. 1990. Molecular determinants of Leishmania virulence. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 44:499-529.
    • (1990) Annu. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.44 , pp. 499-529
    • Chang, K.-P.1    Chauduri, G.2    Fong, D.3
  • 58
    • 0002549642 scopus 로고
    • Biology of Leishmania and leishmaniasis
    • K.-P. Chang and R. S. Bray (ed.), Elsevier, London
    • Chang, K.-P., D. Fong, and R. S. Bray. 1985. Biology of Leishmania and leishmaniasis, p. 1-30. In K.-P. Chang and R. S. Bray (ed.), Leishmaniasis. Elsevier, London.
    • (1985) Leishmaniasis , pp. 1-30
    • Chang, K.-P.1    Fong, D.2    Bray, R.S.3
  • 59
    • 0020067219 scopus 로고
    • A pilot study to control phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a neotropical rain forest
    • Chaniotis, B. N., R. E. Parsons, H. J. Harlan, and M. A. Correa. 1982. A pilot study to control phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a neotropical rain forest. J. Med. Entomol. 19:1-5.
    • (1982) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.19 , pp. 1-5
    • Chaniotis, B.N.1    Parsons, R.E.2    Harlan, H.J.3    Correa, M.A.4
  • 60
    • 0025374154 scopus 로고
    • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the diagnosis of kala-azar in Bhadohi (Varanasi), India
    • Choudhry, A., P. Y. Guru, R. P. Saxena, A. Tandon, and K. C. Saxena. 1990. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the diagnosis of kala-azar in Bhadohi (Varanasi), India. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 84:363-366.
    • (1990) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.84 , pp. 363-366
    • Choudhry, A.1    Guru, P.Y.2    Saxena, R.P.3    Tandon, A.4    Saxena, K.C.5
  • 62
    • 0024463091 scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of macrophage IL-1 production by Leishmania major infection in vitro and its inhibition by IFN-gamma
    • Cillari, E., M. Dieli, E. Maltese, S. Milano, A. Salerno, and F. Y. Liew. 1989. Enhancement of macrophage IL-1 production by Leishmania major infection in vitro and its inhibition by IFN-gamma. J. Immunol. 143:2001-2005.
    • (1989) J. Immunol. , vol.143 , pp. 2001-2005
    • Cillari, E.1    Dieli, M.2    Maltese, E.3    Milano, S.4    Salerno, A.5    Liew, F.Y.6
  • 63
    • 0022968968 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of interleukin-2 production by macrophages in susceptible BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major
    • Cillari, E., F. Y. Liew, and R. Lelchuk. 1986. Suppression of interleukin-2 production by macrophages in susceptible BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major. Infect. Immun. 54:386-394.
    • (1986) Infect. Immun. , vol.54 , pp. 386-394
    • Cillari, E.1    Liew, F.Y.2    Lelchuk, R.3
  • 64
    • 0026029234 scopus 로고
    • Reduction in the number of UCHL-1T cells and IL-2 production in the peripheral blood of patients with visceral leishmaniasis
    • Cillari, E., S. Milano, M. Dieli, E. Maltese, S. Di Rosa, S. Mansueto, A. Salerno, and F. Y. Liew. 1991. Reduction in the number of UCHL-1T cells and IL-2 production in the peripheral blood of patients with visceral leishmaniasis. J. Immunol. 146:1026-1030.
    • (1991) J. Immunol. , vol.146 , pp. 1026-1030
    • Cillari, E.1    Milano, S.2    Dieli, M.3    Maltese, E.4    Di Rosa, S.5    Mansueto, S.6    Salerno, A.7    Liew, F.Y.8
  • 66
    • 0015269817 scopus 로고
    • Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis: A disease due to immunological defect of the host
    • Convit, J., M. E. Pinardi, and A. J. Rondon. 1972. Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis: a disease due to immunological defect of the host. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 66:603-610.
    • (1972) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.66 , pp. 603-610
    • Convit, J.1    Pinardi, M.E.2    Rondon, A.J.3
  • 67
    • 0025065350 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of active and passive case detection of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Guatemala
    • Copeland, H. W., B. A. Arana, and T. R. Navin. 1990. Comparison of active and passive case detection of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Guatemala. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 43:257-259.
    • (1990) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.43 , pp. 257-259
    • Copeland, H.W.1    Arana, B.A.2    Navin, T.R.3
  • 69
    • 0025049856 scopus 로고
    • Gene replacement in parasitic protozoa
    • Cruz, A., and S. M. Beverley. 1990. Gene replacement in parasitic protozoa. Nature (London) 348:171-174.
    • (1990) Nature (London) , vol.348 , pp. 171-174
    • Cruz, A.1    Beverley, S.M.2
  • 72
    • 0025909913 scopus 로고
    • A cloned kinetoplast DNA mini-circle fragment from a Leishmania spp. specific for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis strains
    • Das Gupta, S., D. K. Ghosh, and H. K. Majumder. 1991. A cloned kinetoplast DNA mini-circle fragment from a Leishmania spp. specific for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis strains. Parasitology 102:187-191.
    • (1991) Parasitology , vol.102 , pp. 187-191
    • Das Gupta, S.1    Ghosh, D.K.2    Majumder, H.K.3
  • 73
    • 0024340791 scopus 로고
    • CR1, the C3b receptor, mediates binding of infective Leishmania major metacyclic promastigotes to human macrophages
    • Da Silva, R. P., B. F. Hall, K. A. Joiner, and D. L. Sacks. 1989. CR1, the C3b receptor, mediates binding of infective Leishmania major metacyclic promastigotes to human macrophages. J. Immunol. 143:617-622.
    • (1989) J. Immunol. , vol.143 , pp. 617-622
    • Da Silva, R.P.1    Hall, B.F.2    Joiner, K.A.3    Sacks, D.L.4
  • 75
    • 0023789977 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of activated macrophage antimicrobial activities. Cooperation of lymphokines for induction of resistance to infection
    • Davis, C. E., M. Belosevic, M. S. Meltzer, and C. A. Nacy. 1988. Regulation of activated macrophage antimicrobial activities. Cooperation of lymphokines for induction of resistance to infection. J. Immunol. 141:627-635.
    • (1988) J. Immunol. , vol.141 , pp. 627-635
    • Davis, C.E.1    Belosevic, M.2    Meltzer, M.S.3    Nacy, C.A.4
  • 76
    • 85034911975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of New World leishmaniasis: Relationships between and detection by amplification of kinetoplast DNA of species of the Leishmania braziliensis complex
    • in press
    • De Bruijn, M. H. L., and D. C. Barker. Diagnosis of New World leishmaniasis: relationships between and detection by amplification of kinetoplast DNA of species of the Leishmania braziliensis complex. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol., in press.
    • Mol. Biochem. Parasitol.
    • De Bruijn, M.H.L.1    Barker, D.C.2
  • 77
    • 0023138499 scopus 로고
    • Induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to Leishmania major and the concomitant acceleration of disease development in progressive murine cutaneous leishmaniasis
    • Dhaliwal, J. S., and F. Y. Liew. 1987. Induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to Leishmania major and the concomitant acceleration of disease development in progressive murine cutaneous leishmaniasis. Infect. Immun. 55:645-651.
    • (1987) Infect. Immun. , vol.55 , pp. 645-651
    • Dhaliwal, J.S.1    Liew, F.Y.2
  • 78
    • 0025041421 scopus 로고
    • Low dosage combination of meglumine antimoniate plus allopurinol as first choice treatment of infantile visceral leishmaniasis in Italy
    • di Martino, L., M. P. Mantovani, L. Gradoni, M. Gramiccia, and S. Guandalini. 1990. Low dosage combination of meglumine antimoniate plus allopurinol as first choice treatment of infantile visceral leishmaniasis in Italy. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 84:534-535.
    • (1990) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.84 , pp. 534-535
    • Di Martino, L.1    Mantovani, M.P.2    Gradoni, L.3    Gramiccia, M.4    Guandalini, S.5
  • 79
    • 0024377971 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the direct agglutination test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the sero-diagnosis of leishmaniasis in the Sudan
    • El-Safi, S. H., and D. A. Evans. 1989. A comparison of the direct agglutination test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the sero-diagnosis of leishmaniasis in the Sudan. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 83:334-337.
    • (1989) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.83 , pp. 334-337
    • El-Safi, S.H.1    Evans, D.A.2
  • 80
    • 0025064477 scopus 로고
    • A soluble factor produced by inoculation of human monocytes with Leishmania donovani promastigotes suppresses IFN-gamma-dependent monocyte activation
    • Engelhorn, S., A. Bruckner, and H. G. Remold. 1990. A soluble factor produced by inoculation of human monocytes with Leishmania donovani promastigotes suppresses IFN-gamma-dependent monocyte activation. J. Immunol. 145:2662-2668.
    • (1990) J. Immunol. , vol.145 , pp. 2662-2668
    • Engelhorn, S.1    Bruckner, A.2    Remold, H.G.3
  • 82
    • 85034912280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leishmaniasis due to Leishmania braziliensis (in Espirito Santo, Brazil). Further evidence on the role of dogs as reservoir of infection for humans
    • in press
    • Falqueto, A., P. A. Sessa, J. B. M. Vareja, G. C. Barros, H. Momen, and G. Grimaldi, Jr. Leishmaniasis due to Leishmania braziliensis (in Espirito Santo, Brazil). Further evidence on the role of dogs as reservoir of infection for humans. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz., in press.
    • Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz.
    • Falqueto, A.1    Sessa, P.A.2    Vareja, J.B.M.3    Barros, G.C.4    Momen, H.5    Grimaldi Jr., G.6
  • 83
    • 0024598820 scopus 로고
    • + T cells in resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis in immunized mice
    • + T cells in resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis in immunized mice. J. Immunol. 142:2052-2056.
    • (1989) J. Immunol. , vol.142 , pp. 2052-2056
    • Farrel, J.P.1    Muller, I.2    Louis, J.A.3
  • 85
    • 0025288654 scopus 로고
    • Evidence implicating utilization of different T cell receptor-associated signaling pathways by TH1 and TH2 clones
    • Gajewski, T. F., S. R. Schell, and F. W. Fitch. 1990. Evidence implicating utilization of different T cell receptor-associated signaling pathways by TH1 and TH2 clones. J. Immunol. 144:4110-4120.
    • (1990) J. Immunol. , vol.144 , pp. 4110-4120
    • Gajewski, T.F.1    Schell, S.R.2    Fitch, F.W.3
  • 88
    • 0017678488 scopus 로고
    • Taxonomy of the genus Leishmania. A review of nomenclature and classification
    • Gardener, P. J. 1977. Taxonomy of the genus Leishmania. A review of nomenclature and classification. Trop. Dis. Bull. 74:1069-1088.
    • (1977) Trop. Dis. Bull. , vol.74 , pp. 1069-1088
    • Gardener, P.J.1
  • 90
    • 0025176949 scopus 로고
    • Sized-conserved chromosomes and stability of molecular karyotype in cloned stocks of Leishmania major
    • Giannini, S. H., S. S. Curry, R. B. Tesh, and L. H. T. Van der Ploeg. 1990. Sized-conserved chromosomes and stability of molecular karyotype in cloned stocks of Leishmania major. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 39:9-22.
    • (1990) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.39 , pp. 9-22
    • Giannini, S.H.1    Curry, S.S.2    Tesh, R.B.3    Van Der Ploeg, L.H.T.4
  • 91
    • 85034911576 scopus 로고
    • Application of molecular karyotype analysis to the epidemiology of recurrent cutaneous leishmaniasis from the Pacific Coast Region of Colombia
    • Giannini, S. H., and N. G. Saravia. 1989. Application of molecular karyotype analysis to the epidemiology of recurrent cutaneous leishmaniasis from the Pacific Coast Region of Colombia. J. Cell Biochem. Suppl. 13E:90.
    • (1989) J. Cell Biochem. Suppl. , vol.13 E , pp. 90
    • Giannini, S.H.1    Saravia, N.G.2
  • 93
    • 84901958924 scopus 로고
    • Plasma membrane functions: A biochemical approach to understanding the biology of Leishmania
    • P. T. Englund and A. Sher (ed.), Alan R. Liss, New York
    • Gottlieb, M., and D. M. Dwyer. 1988. Plasma membrane functions: a biochemical approach to understanding the biology of Leishmania, p. 449-464. In P. T. Englund and A. Sher (ed.), The biology of parasitism. Alan R. Liss, New York.
    • (1988) The Biology of Parasitism , pp. 449-464
    • Gottlieb, M.1    Dwyer, D.M.2
  • 94
    • 0026514391 scopus 로고
    • HIV-Leishmania co-infections in Italy. Isoenzyme characterization of Leishmania causing visceral leishmaniasis in HIV patients
    • Gramiccia, M., L. Gradoni, and M. Troiani. 1992. HIV-Leishmania co-infections in Italy. Isoenzyme characterization of Leishmania causing visceral leishmaniasis in HIV patients. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 86:161-163.
    • (1992) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.86 , pp. 161-163
    • Gramiccia, M.1    Gradoni, L.2    Troiani, M.3
  • 96
    • 0025648446 scopus 로고
    • Leishmania major amastigotes initiate the L-arginine-dependent killing mechanism in IFN-gamma-stimulated macrophages by induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha
    • Green, S. J., R. M. Crawford, J. T. Hockmeyer, M. S. Meltzer, and C. A. Nacy. 1990. Leishmania major amastigotes initiate the L-arginine-dependent killing mechanism in IFN-gamma-stimulated macrophages by induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J. Immunol. 145:4290-4297.
    • (1990) J. Immunol. , vol.145 , pp. 4290-4297
    • Green, S.J.1    Crawford, R.M.2    Hockmeyer, J.T.3    Meltzer, M.S.4    Nacy, C.A.5
  • 97
    • 0011853460 scopus 로고
    • Vaccination for leishmaniasis
    • K.-P. Chang and R. S. Bray (ed.), Elsevier, London
    • Greenblatt, C. L. 1985. Vaccination for leishmaniasis, p. 199-212. in K.-P. Chang and R. S. Bray (ed.), Leishmaniasis. Elsevier, London.
    • (1985) Leishmaniasis , pp. 199-212
    • Greenblatt, C.L.1
  • 98
    • 0023883155 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous leishmaniasis. The propects for a killed vaccine
    • Greenblatt, C. L. 1988. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. The propects for a killed vaccine. Parasitol. Today 4:53-54.
    • (1988) Parasitol. Today , vol.4 , pp. 53-54
    • Greenblatt, C.L.1
  • 99
    • 0023091254 scopus 로고
    • Identification and distribution of New World Leishmania species characterized by serodeme analysis using monoclonal antibodies
    • Grimaldi, G., Jr., J. R. David, and D. McMahon-Pratt. 1987. Identification and distribution of New World Leishmania species characterized by serodeme analysis using monoclonal antibodies. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 36:270-287.
    • (1987) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.36 , pp. 270-287
    • Grimaldi Jr., G.1    David, J.R.2    McMahon-Pratt, D.3
  • 100
    • 0026851667 scopus 로고
    • Description of Leishmania equatorensis sp.n. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), a new parasite infecting arboreal mammals in Ecuador
    • Grimaldi, G., Jr., R. D. Kreutzer, Y. Hashiguchi, E. A. Gomez, T. Mimory, and R. B. Tesh. 1992. Description of Leishmania equatorensis sp.n. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), a new parasite infecting arboreal mammals in Ecuador. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 87:221-228.
    • (1992) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz , vol.87 , pp. 221-228
    • Grimaldi Jr., G.1    Kreutzer, R.D.2    Hashiguchi, Y.3    Gomez, E.A.4    Mimory, T.5    Tesh, R.B.6
  • 101
    • 0025982941 scopus 로고
    • Leishmaniasis and its etiologic agents in the New World: An overview
    • T. Sun (ed.), Field & Wood Medical Publishers, Inc., New York
    • Grimaldi, G., Jr. and D. McMahon-Pratt. 1991. Leishmaniasis and its etiologic agents in the New World: an overview, p. 73-118. In T. Sun (ed.), Progress in Clinical Parasitology, vol. 2. Field & Wood Medical Publishers, Inc., New York.
    • (1991) Progress in Clinical Parasitology , vol.2 , pp. 73-118
    • Grimaldi Jr., G.1    McMahon-Pratt, D.2
  • 102
    • 0026349744 scopus 로고
    • Characterization and classification of leishmanial parasites from humans, wild animals, and sand flies in the Amazon region of Brazil
    • Grimaldi, G., Jr., H. Momen, R. D. Naiff, D. McMahon-Pratt, and T. V. Barrett. 1991. Characterization and classification of leishmanial parasites from humans, wild animals, and sand flies in the Amazon region of Brazil. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 44:645-661.
    • (1991) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.44 , pp. 645-661
    • Grimaldi Jr., G.1    Momen, H.2    Naiff, R.D.3    McMahon-Pratt, D.4    Barrett, T.V.5
  • 103
    • 0024853396 scopus 로고
    • A review of the geographic distribution and epidemiology of leishmaniasis in the New World
    • Grimaldi, G., Jr., R. B. Tesh, and D. McMahon-Pratt. 1989. A review of the geographic distribution and epidemiology of leishmaniasis in the New World. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 41:687-725.
    • (1989) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.41 , pp. 687-725
    • Grimaldi Jr., G.1    Tesh, R.B.2    McMahon-Pratt, D.3
  • 104
    • 0025883562 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of multidrug resistance in Plasmodium and Leishmania: Detection of P-glycoprotein-like components
    • Grogl, M., R. K. Martin, A. M. J. Oduola, W. K. Milhous, and D. E. Kyle. 1991. Characteristics of multidrug resistance in Plasmodium and Leishmania: detection of P-glycoprotein-like components. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 45:98-111.
    • (1991) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.45 , pp. 98-111
    • Grogl, M.1    Martin, R.K.2    Oduola, A.M.J.3    Milhous, W.K.4    Kyle, D.E.5
  • 105
    • 0024382359 scopus 로고
    • Leishmania ssp.: Development of Pentostam-resistant clones in vitro by discontinuous drug exposure
    • Grogl, M., A. M. J. Oduola, L. D. C. Cordero, and D. E. Kyle. 1989. Leishmania ssp.: development of Pentostam-resistant clones in vitro by discontinuous drug exposure. Exp. Parasitol. 69:78-90.
    • (1989) Exp. Parasitol. , vol.69 , pp. 78-90
    • Grogl, M.1    Oduola, A.M.J.2    Cordero, L.D.C.3    Kyle, D.E.4
  • 106
    • 0026769377 scopus 로고
    • Drug resistance in leishmaniasis: Its implication in systemic chemotherapy of cutaneous and mucocutaneous disease
    • Grogl, M., T. N. Thomason, and E. D. Franke. 1992. Drug resistance in leishmaniasis: its implication in systemic chemotherapy of cutaneous and mucocutaneous disease. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 47:117-126.
    • (1992) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.47 , pp. 117-126
    • Grogl, M.1    Thomason, T.N.2    Franke, E.D.3
  • 108
    • 0001178957 scopus 로고
    • Vaccination: Past and future role in control
    • W. Peters and R. Killick-Kendrick (ed.), Academic Press, Ltd., London
    • Gunders, A. E. 1987. Vaccination: past and future role in control, p. 928-941. In W. Peters and R. Killick-Kendrick (ed.), The leishmaniases in biology and medicine, vol. 2. Academic Press, Ltd., London.
    • (1987) The Leishmaniases in Biology and Medicine , vol.2 , pp. 928-941
    • Gunders, A.E.1
  • 109
    • 0026043693 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between histopathology, immune response, clinical presentation, and evolution in Leishmania braziliensis infection
    • Gutierrez, Y., G. H. Salinas, G. Palma, L. B. Valderrama, C. V. Santrich, and N. G. Saravia. 1991. Correlation between histopathology, immune response, clinical presentation, and evolution in Leishmania braziliensis infection. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 45:281-289.
    • (1991) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.45 , pp. 281-289
    • Gutierrez, Y.1    Salinas, G.H.2    Palma, G.3    Valderrama, L.B.4    Santrich, C.V.5    Saravia, N.G.6
  • 110
    • 0025833615 scopus 로고
    • Strategies of obligate intracellular parasites for evading host defences
    • Hall, B. F., and K. A. Joiner. 1991. Strategies of obligate intracellular parasites for evading host defences. Immunol. Today 12:A22-A27.
    • (1991) Immunol. Today , vol.12
    • Hall, B.F.1    Joiner, K.A.2
  • 111
    • 0020581961 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of infective and noninfective clones of Leishmania tropica
    • Handman, E., R. E. Hocking, G. E. Mitchell, and T. W. Spithill. 1983. Isolation and characterization of infective and noninfective clones of Leishmania tropica. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 7:111-126.
    • (1983) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.7 , pp. 111-126
    • Handman, E.1    Hocking, R.E.2    Mitchell, G.E.3    Spithill, T.W.4
  • 112
    • 0022381571 scopus 로고
    • Immunization with Leishmania receptor for macrophages protects mice against cutaneous leishmaniasis
    • Handman, E., and G. F. Mitchell. 1985. Immunization with Leishmania receptor for macrophages protects mice against cutaneous leishmaniasis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:5910-5914.
    • (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.82 , pp. 5910-5914
    • Handman, E.1    Mitchell, G.F.2
  • 113
    • 0023554458 scopus 로고
    • Leishmania major: A very sensitive dot-blot ELISA for detection of parasites in cutaneous lesions
    • Handman, E., G. F. Mitchell, and I. W. Goding. 1987. Leishmania major: a very sensitive dot-blot ELISA for detection of parasites in cutaneous lesions. Mol. Biol. Med. 4:377-383.
    • (1987) Mol. Biol. Med. , vol.4 , pp. 377-383
    • Handman, E.1    Mitchell, G.F.2    Goding, I.W.3
  • 114
    • 0023473931 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a newly developed direct agglutination test (DAT) for serodiagnosis and seroepidemiological studies of visceral leishmaniasis: Comparison with IFAT and ELISA
    • Harith, A. E., A. H. Kolk, P. A. Kager, J. Leeuwenburg, F. J. Faber, R. Muigai, S. Kiugu, and J. J. Laarman. 1987. Evaluation of a newly developed direct agglutination test (DAT) for serodiagnosis and seroepidemiological studies of visceral leishmaniasis: comparison with IFAT and ELISA. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 81:603-606.
    • (1987) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.81 , pp. 603-606
    • Harith, A.E.1    Kolk, A.H.2    Kager, P.A.3    Leeuwenburg, J.4    Faber, F.J.5    Muigai, R.6    Kiugu, S.7    Laarman, J.J.8
  • 118
    • 0024540908 scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal expression of Interferon gamma or interleukin 4 during the resolution or progression of murine leishmaniasis. Evidence for expansion of distinct helper T cell subsets
    • Heinzel, F. P., M. D. Sadick, B. J. Holaday, R. L. Coffman, and R. M. Locksley. 1989. Reciprocal expression of Interferon gamma or interleukin 4 during the resolution or progression of murine leishmaniasis. Evidence for expansion of distinct helper T cell subsets. J. Exp. Med. 169:59-72.
    • (1989) J. Exp. Med. , vol.169 , pp. 59-72
    • Heinzel, F.P.1    Sadick, M.D.2    Holaday, B.J.3    Coffman, R.L.4    Locksley, R.M.5
  • 119
    • 0017894294 scopus 로고
    • Haemoflagellates: Commercially available liquid media for rapid cultivation
    • Hendricks, L. D., D. E. Wood, and M. E. Hadjuk. 1978. Haemoflagellates: commercially available liquid media for rapid cultivation. Parasitology 76:309-316.
    • (1978) Parasitology , vol.76 , pp. 309-316
    • Hendricks, L.D.1    Wood, D.E.2    Hadjuk, M.E.3
  • 120
    • 0026729038 scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for treating leishmaniasis with sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) and review of pertinent clinical studies
    • Herwaldt, B. L., and J. D. Berman. 1992. Recommendations for treating leishmaniasis with sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) and review of pertinent clinical studies. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 46:296-303.
    • (1992) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.46 , pp. 296-303
    • Herwaldt, B.L.1    Berman, J.D.2
  • 121
    • 0015188394 scopus 로고
    • Immunology of leishmaniasis
    • Heyneman, D. 1971. Immunology of leishmaniasis. Bull. W.H.O. 44:499-514.
    • (1971) Bull. W.H.O. , vol.44 , pp. 499-514
    • Heyneman, D.1
  • 122
    • 0024564206 scopus 로고
    • + T lymphocytes to mediate protective immunity against Leishmania
    • + T lymphocytes to mediate protective immunity against Leishmania. J. Exp. Med. 169:1819-1827.
    • (1989) J. Exp. Med. , vol.169 , pp. 1819-1827
    • Hill, J.O.1    Awwad, M.2    North, R.J.3
  • 123
    • 0024515447 scopus 로고
    • Functional heterogeneity of macrophage precursor cells from spleen of Leishmania donovani-infected and untreated mice
    • Hockertz, S., M. Baccarini, and M. L. Lohmann-Matthes. 1989. Functional heterogeneity of macrophage precursor cells from spleen of Leishmania donovani-infected and untreated mice. J. Immunol. 142:2489-2494.
    • (1989) J. Immunol. , vol.142 , pp. 2489-2494
    • Hockertz, S.1    Baccarini, M.2    Lohmann-Matthes, M.L.3
  • 124
    • 0023691050 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of protective T cells from BALB/cJ mice chronically infected with Leishmania donovani
    • Holaday, B. J., M. D. Sadick, and R. D. Pearson. 1988. Isolation of protective T cells from BALB/cJ mice chronically infected with Leishmania donovani. J. Immunol. 141:2132-2137.
    • (1988) J. Immunol. , vol.141 , pp. 2132-2137
    • Holaday, B.J.1    Sadick, M.D.2    Pearson, R.D.3
  • 125
    • 0025820205 scopus 로고
    • Reconstitution of Leishmania immunity in severe combined immunodeficient mice using Th1- and Th2-like cell lines
    • Holaday, B. J., M. D. Sadick, Z. E. Wang, S. L. Reiner, F. P. Heinzel, T. G. Parslow, and R. M. Locksley. 1991. Reconstitution of Leishmania immunity in severe combined immunodeficient mice using Th1- and Th2-like cell lines. J. Immunol. 147:1653-1658.
    • (1991) J. Immunol. , vol.147 , pp. 1653-1658
    • Holaday, B.J.1    Sadick, M.D.2    Wang, Z.E.3    Reiner, S.L.4    Heinzel, F.P.5    Parslow, T.G.6    Locksley, R.M.7
  • 126
    • 0026085227 scopus 로고
    • A sensitive repetitive DNA probe that is specific to the Leishmania donovani complex and its use as an epidemiological and diagnostic reagent
    • Howard, M. K., J. M. Kelly, R. P. Lane, and M. M. Miles. 1991. A sensitive repetitive DNA probe that is specific to the Leishmania donovani complex and its use as an epidemiological and diagnostic reagent. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 44:62-72.
    • (1991) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.44 , pp. 62-72
    • Howard, M.K.1    Kelly, J.M.2    Lane, R.P.3    Miles, M.M.4
  • 128
    • 0024554055 scopus 로고
    • Structural alterations of chromosome 2 in Leishmania major as evidence for diploidy, including spontaneous amplification of the mini-exon array
    • Iovannisci, D. M., and S. M. Beverley. 1989. Structural alterations of chromosome 2 in Leishmania major as evidence for diploidy, including spontaneous amplification of the mini-exon array. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 34:177-188.
    • (1989) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.34 , pp. 177-188
    • Iovannisci, D.M.1    Beverley, S.M.2
  • 129
    • 0025678398 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative in vitro drug potency and drug susceptibility evaluation of Leishmania ssp. from patients unresponsive to pentavalent antimony therapy
    • Jackson, J. E., J. D. Tally, W. Y. Ellis, Y. B. Mebrahtu, P. G. Lawyer, J. B. Were, S. G. Reed, D. M. Panisko, and B. L. Limmer. 1990. Quantitative in vitro drug potency and drug susceptibility evaluation of Leishmania ssp. from patients unresponsive to pentavalent antimony therapy. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 43:464-480.
    • (1990) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.43 , pp. 464-480
    • Jackson, J.E.1    Tally, J.D.2    Ellis, W.Y.3    Mebrahtu, Y.B.4    Lawyer, P.G.5    Were, J.B.6    Reed, S.G.7    Panisko, D.M.8    Limmer, B.L.9
  • 130
    • 0022624407 scopus 로고
    • Detection and characterization of Leishmania species and strains from mammals and vectors by hybridization and restriction endonuclease digestion of kinetoplast DNA
    • Jackson, P. R., J. M. Lawrie, J. M. Stiteler, D. N. Hawkins, J. A. Wohlhieter, and E. D. Rowton. 1986. Detection and characterization of Leishmania species and strains from mammals and vectors by hybridization and restriction endonuclease digestion of kinetoplast DNA. Vet. Parasitol. 20:195-215.
    • (1986) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.20 , pp. 195-215
    • Jackson, P.R.1    Lawrie, J.M.2    Stiteler, J.M.3    Hawkins, D.N.4    Wohlhieter, J.A.5    Rowton, E.D.6
  • 131
    • 0023496214 scopus 로고
    • Serodiagnostic assay for visceral leishmaniasis employing monoclonal antibodies
    • Jaffe, C. L., and D. McMahon-Pratt. 1987. Serodiagnostic assay for visceral leishmaniasis employing monoclonal antibodies. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 81:587-594.
    • (1987) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.81 , pp. 587-594
    • Jaffe, C.L.1    McMahon-Pratt, D.2
  • 132
    • 0025008836 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of two proteins from Leishmania donovani and their use for vaccination against visceral leishmaniasis
    • Jaffe, C. L., N. Rachamin, and R. Sarfstein. 1990. Characterization of two proteins from Leishmania donovani and their use for vaccination against visceral leishmaniasis. J. Immunol. 144:699-706.
    • (1990) J. Immunol. , vol.144 , pp. 699-706
    • Jaffe, C.L.1    Rachamin, N.2    Sarfstein, R.3
  • 133
    • 0023932406 scopus 로고
    • Use of purified proteins from Leishmania donovani for the rapid serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis
    • Jaffe, C. L., and M. Zalis. 1988. Use of purified proteins from Leishmania donovani for the rapid serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. J. Infect. Dis. 157:1212-1216.
    • (1988) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.157 , pp. 1212-1216
    • Jaffe, C.L.1    Zalis, M.2
  • 134
    • 0025071755 scopus 로고
    • Immunoprotective Leishmania major synthetic T cell epitopes
    • Jardim, A., J. Alexander, H. S. Teh, D. W. Ou, and R. W. Olafson. 1990. Immunoprotective Leishmania major synthetic T cell epitopes. J. Exp. Med. 172:645-648.
    • (1990) J. Exp. Med. , vol.172 , pp. 645-648
    • Jardim, A.1    Alexander, J.2    Teh, H.S.3    Ou, D.W.4    Olafson, R.W.5
  • 135
    • 0025122367 scopus 로고
    • Stable transfection of the human parasite Leishmania delineates a 30-kb region sufficient for extrachromosomal replication and expression
    • Kapler, G. M., C. M. Coburn, and S. M. Beverley. 1990. Stable transfection of the human parasite Leishmania delineates a 30-kb region sufficient for extrachromosomal replication and expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:1084-1094.
    • (1990) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.10 , pp. 1084-1094
    • Kapler, G.M.1    Coburn, C.M.2    Beverley, S.M.3
  • 136
    • 0025835586 scopus 로고
    • Lipophosphoglycan masks recognition of the Leishmania donovani promastigote surface by human kala-azar serum
    • Karp, C. L., S. J. Turco, and D. L. Sacks. 1991. Lipophosphoglycan masks recognition of the Leishmania donovani promastigote surface by human kala-azar serum. J. Immunol. 147:680-684.
    • (1991) J. Immunol. , vol.147 , pp. 680-684
    • Karp, C.L.1    Turco, S.J.2    Sacks, D.L.3
  • 137
    • 0023796152 scopus 로고
    • Acid phosphatase activity of virulent and avirulent clones of Leishmania donovani promastigotes
    • Katakura, K., and A. Kobayashi. 1988. Acid phosphatase activity of virulent and avirulent clones of Leishmania donovani promastigotes. Infect. Immun. 56:2856-2860.
    • (1988) Infect. Immun. , vol.56 , pp. 2856-2860
    • Katakura, K.1    Kobayashi, A.2
  • 138
    • 0025752328 scopus 로고
    • Differential production of Th1- and Th2-derived cytokines does not determine the genetically controlled or vaccine-induced rate of cure in murine visceral leishmaniasis
    • Kaye, P. M., A. J. Curry, and J. M. Blackwell. 1991. Differential production of Th1- and Th2-derived cytokines does not determine the genetically controlled or vaccine-induced rate of cure in murine visceral leishmaniasis. J. Immunol. 146:2763-2770.
    • (1991) J. Immunol. , vol.146 , pp. 2763-2770
    • Kaye, P.M.1    Curry, A.J.2    Blackwell, J.M.3
  • 139
    • 0024730799 scopus 로고
    • Ornithine decarboxylase and trypanothione reductase genes in Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis
    • Keithly, J. 1989. Ornithine decarboxylase and trypanothione reductase genes in Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis. J. Protozool. 36:498-501.
    • (1989) J. Protozool. , vol.36 , pp. 498-501
    • Keithly, J.1
  • 140
    • 0021125207 scopus 로고
    • Novel identification of differences in kinetoplast DNA of Leishmania isolates by recombinant DNA techniques and in situ hybridization
    • Kennedy, W. P. K. 1984. Novel identification of differences in kinetoplast DNA of Leishmania isolates by recombinant DNA techniques and in situ hybridization. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 12:313-325.
    • (1984) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.12 , pp. 313-325
    • Kennedy, W.P.K.1
  • 141
    • 0024511949 scopus 로고
    • Cloning of developmentally regulated genes from Leishmania major and expression following heat induction
    • Kidane, G. Z., N. Samaras, and T. W. Spithill. 1989. Cloning of developmentally regulated genes from Leishmania major and expression following heat induction. J. Biol. Chem. 264:4244-4250.
    • (1989) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.264 , pp. 4244-4250
    • Kidane, G.Z.1    Samaras, N.2    Spithill, T.W.3
  • 142
    • 0023886423 scopus 로고
    • A ricin agglutinin-resistant clone of Leishmania donovani deficient in lipophosphoglycan
    • King, D. L., and S. J. Turco. 1988. A ricin agglutinin-resistant clone of Leishmania donovani deficient in lipophosphoglycan. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 28:285-294.
    • (1988) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.28 , pp. 285-294
    • King, D.L.1    Turco, S.J.2
  • 143
    • 0023158723 scopus 로고
    • Tunicamycin-resistant Leishmania mexicana amazonensis: Expression of virulence associated with an increased activity of N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase and amplification of its presumptive gene
    • Kink, J. A., and K.-P. Chang. 1987. Tunicamycin-resistant Leishmania mexicana amazonensis: expression of virulence associated with an increased activity of N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase and amplification of its presumptive gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:1253-1257.
    • (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.84 , pp. 1253-1257
    • Kink, J.A.1    Chang, K.-P.2
  • 144
    • 0021356078 scopus 로고
    • Splenic NK cell activity in mice infected with Leishmania donovani
    • Kirkpatrick, C. E., and J. P. FarrelL 1984. Splenic NK cell activity in mice infected with Leishmania donovani. Cell. Immunol. 85:201-204.
    • (1984) Cell. Immunol. , vol.85 , pp. 201-204
    • Kirkpatrick, C.E.1    Farrell, J.P.2
  • 145
    • 0025163308 scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of Leishmania mexicana populations from Texas, Latin America, and the Caribbean
    • Kreutzer, R. D. 1990. Genetic analysis of Leishmania mexicana populations from Texas, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 43:367-372.
    • (1990) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.43 , pp. 367-372
    • Kreutzer, R.D.1
  • 146
    • 0026346545 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of Leishmania colombiensis sp.n. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), a new parasite infecting humans, animals, and phlebotomine sand flies in Colombia and Panama
    • Kreutzer, R. D., A. Corredor, G. Grimaldi, Jr., M. Grogl, E. D. Rowton, D. G. Young, A. Morales, D. McMahon-Pratt, H. Guzman, and R. B. Tesh. 1991. Characterization of Leishmania colombiensis sp.n. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), a new parasite infecting humans, animals, and phlebotomine sand flies in Colombia and Panama. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 44:662-675.
    • (1991) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.44 , pp. 662-675
    • Kreutzer, R.D.1    Corredor, A.2    Grimaldi Jr., G.3    Grogl, M.4    Rowton, E.D.5    Young, D.G.6    Morales, A.7    McMahon-Pratt, D.8    Guzman, H.9    Tesh, R.B.10
  • 147
    • 0023138736 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical identities and differences among Leishmania species and subspecies
    • Kreutzer, R. D., N. Souraty, and M. E. Semko. 1987. Biochemical identities and differences among Leishmania species and subspecies. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 36:22-32.
    • (1987) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.36 , pp. 22-32
    • Kreutzer, R.D.1    Souraty, N.2    Semko, M.E.3
  • 148
    • 0024301008 scopus 로고
    • Ecological interactions in the transmission of the leishmaniases
    • Lainson, R. 1988. Ecological interactions in the transmission of the leishmaniases. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 321:389-404.
    • (1988) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London , vol.321 , pp. 389-404
    • Lainson, R.1
  • 149
    • 0002012649 scopus 로고
    • Demographic changes and their influence on the epidemiology of the American leishmaniases
    • M. W. Service (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
    • Lainson, R. 1989. Demographic changes and their influence on the epidemiology of the American leishmaniases, p. 85-106. In M. W. Service (ed.), Demography and vector-borne diseases. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
    • (1989) Demography and Vector-borne Diseases , pp. 85-106
    • Lainson, R.1
  • 151
    • 0001773379 scopus 로고
    • The role of animals in the epidemiology of the South American leishmaniasis
    • H. R. Lumsden and D. A. Evans (ed.), Academic Press Ltd., London
    • Lainson, R., and J. J. Shaw. 1979. The role of animals in the epidemiology of the South American leishmaniasis, p. 1-116. In H. R. Lumsden and D. A. Evans (ed.), Biology of the Kinetoplastida, vol. 2. Academic Press Ltd., London.
    • (1979) Biology of the Kinetoplastida , vol.2 , pp. 1-116
    • Lainson, R.1    Shaw, J.J.2
  • 152
    • 0002536191 scopus 로고
    • Evolution, classification and geographical distribution
    • W. Peters and R. Killick-Kendrick (ed.), Academic Press Ltd., London
    • Lainson, R., and J. J. Shaw. 1987. Evolution, classification and geographical distribution, p. 1-120. In W. Peters and R. Killick-Kendrick (ed.), The leishmaniases in biology and medicine, vol. 1. Academic Press Ltd., London.
    • (1987) The Leishmaniases in Biology and Medicine , vol.1 , pp. 1-120
    • Lainson, R.1    Shaw, J.J.2
  • 153
    • 0024526446 scopus 로고
    • Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi sp.n., a parasite of the armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus (L.), in Amazonian Brazil
    • Lainson, R., and J. J. Shaw. 1989. Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi sp.n., a parasite of the armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus (L.), in Amazonian Brazil. Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. 64:3-9.
    • (1989) Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. , vol.64 , pp. 3-9
    • Lainson, R.1    Shaw, J.J.2
  • 155
    • 85034911602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further observations on Lutzomyia ubiquitalis (Psychodidae:Phlebotomine), the sandfly vector of Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni
    • in press
    • Lainson, R., J. J. Shaw, A. A. A. Souza, F. T. Silveira, and A. Falqueto. Further observations on Lutzomyia ubiquitalis (Psychodidae:Phlebotomine), the sandfly vector of Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, in press.
    • Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz
    • Lainson, R.1    Shaw, J.J.2    Souza, A.A.A.3    Silveira, F.T.4    Falqueto, A.5
  • 157
    • 0020573178 scopus 로고
    • Tandem arrangement of tubulin genes in the protozoan parasite Leishmania enriettii
    • Landfear, S. M., D. McMahon-Pratt, and D. F. Wirth. 1983. Tandem arrangement of tubulin genes in the protozoan parasite Leishmania enriettii. Mol. Cell. Biol. 3:1070-1076.
    • (1983) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.3 , pp. 1070-1076
    • Landfear, S.M.1    McMahon-Pratt, D.2    Wirth, D.F.3
  • 158
    • 0025256102 scopus 로고
    • Fusion cellulaire chez les Leishmania (Kinetoplastia, Trypanosomatidae)
    • Lanotte, G., and J. A. Rioux. 1990. Fusion cellulaire chez les Leishmania (Kinetoplastia, Trypanosomatidae). C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. III 310:285-288.
    • (1990) C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. III , vol.310 , pp. 285-288
    • Lanotte, G.1    Rioux, J.A.2
  • 159
    • 0026056211 scopus 로고
    • The use of DNA hybridization for the detection of Leishmania aethiopica in naturally infected sandfly vectors
    • Laskay, T., T. Gemetchu, H. Teferedegn, and D. Frommel. 1991. The use of DNA hybridization for the detection of Leishmania aethiopica in naturally infected sandfly vectors. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 85:599-602.
    • (1991) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.85 , pp. 599-602
    • Laskay, T.1    Gemetchu, T.2    Teferedegn, H.3    Frommel, D.4
  • 160
    • 0025650360 scopus 로고
    • Development of a stable Leishmania expression vector and application to the study of parasite surface antigen genes
    • LeBowitz, J. H., C. M. Coburn, D. McMahon-Pratt, and S. M. Beveley. 1990. Development of a stable Leishmania expression vector and application to the study of parasite surface antigen genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:9736-9740.
    • (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.87 , pp. 9736-9740
    • LeBowitz, J.H.1    Coburn, C.M.2    McMahon-Pratt, D.3    Beveley, S.M.4
  • 162
  • 163
    • 0017837792 scopus 로고
    • Sequence arrangement of the 16S and 26S rRNA genes in the pathogenic haemoflagellate Leishmania donovani
    • Leon, W., D. L. Fouts, and J. Manning. 1978. Sequence arrangement of the 16S and 26S rRNA genes in the pathogenic haemoflagellate Leishmania donovani. Nucleic Acids Res. 5:491-503.
    • (1978) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.5 , pp. 491-503
    • Leon, W.1    Fouts, D.L.2    Manning, J.3
  • 164
    • 0025812114 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of Maxadilan, a potent vasodilatory peptide from the salivary glands of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis
    • Lerner, E. A., J. M. C. Ribeiro, R. J. Nelson, and M. R. Lerner. 1991. Isolation of Maxadilan, a potent vasodilatory peptide from the salivary glands of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. J. Biol. Chem. 266:11234-11236.
    • (1991) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.266 , pp. 11234-11236
    • Lerner, E.A.1    Ribeiro, J.M.C.2    Nelson, R.J.3    Lerner, M.R.4
  • 165
    • 84981676985 scopus 로고
    • Proposals for a stable classification of the phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae)
    • Lewis, D. J., D. G. Young, G. B. Fairchild, and D. M. Minter, 1977. Proposals for a stable classification of the phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Syst. Entomol. 2:319-332.
    • (1977) Syst. Entomol. , vol.2 , pp. 319-332
    • Lewis, D.J.1    Young, D.G.2    Fairchild, G.B.3    Minter, D.M.4
  • 166
    • 0023518675 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of host-protective and disease-promoting T cells
    • Paris
    • Liew, F. Y. 1987. Analysis of host-protective and disease-promoting T cells. Ann. Inst. Pasteur/Immunol. (Paris) 138: 749-755.
    • (1987) Ann. Inst. Pasteur/Immunol. , vol.138 , pp. 749-755
    • Liew, F.Y.1
  • 167
    • 0025894721 scopus 로고
    • Nonspecific defense mechanism: The role of nitric oxide
    • 7(3)
    • Liew, F. Y., and F. E. G. Cox. 1991. Nonspecific defense mechanism: the role of nitric oxide. Immunoparasitol. Today 12(3)/7(3):A17-A21.
    • (1991) Immunoparasitol. Today , vol.12 , Issue.3
    • Liew, F.Y.1    Cox, F.E.G.2
  • 168
    • 0025609915 scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor-alpha synergizes with IFN-gamma in mediating killing of Leishmania major through the induction of nitric oxide
    • Liew, F. Y., Y. Li, and S. Millott. 1990. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha synergizes with IFN-gamma in mediating killing of Leishmania major through the induction of nitric oxide J Immunol. 145:4306-4310.
    • (1990) J Immunol. , vol.145 , pp. 4306-4310
    • Liew, F.Y.1    Li, Y.2    Millott, S.3
  • 169
    • 0025300228 scopus 로고
    • Macrophage killing of Leishmania parasite in vivo is mediated by nitric oxide from L-arginine
    • Liew, F. Y., S. Millott, C. Parkinson, R. M. Palmer, and S. Moncada. 1990. Macrophage killing of Leishmania parasite in vivo is mediated by nitric oxide from L-arginine. J. Immunol 144:4794-4797.
    • (1990) J. Immunol , vol.144 , pp. 4794-4797
    • Liew, F.Y.1    Millott, S.2    Parkinson, C.3    Palmer, R.M.4    Moncada, S.5
  • 170
    • 0025153443 scopus 로고
    • A repetitive peptide of Leishmania can activate T helper type 2 cells and enhance disease progression
    • Liew, F. Y., S. Millott, and J. A. Schmidt. 1990. A repetitive peptide of Leishmania can activate T helper type 2 cells and enhance disease progression. J. Exp. Med. 172:1359-1365.
    • (1990) J. Exp. Med. , vol.172 , pp. 1359-1365
    • Liew, F.Y.1    Millott, S.2    Schmidt, J.A.3
  • 171
    • 0023492716 scopus 로고
    • Murine cutaneous leishmaniasis: Susceptibility correlates with differential expansion of helper T-cell subsets
    • Paris
    • Locksley, R. M., F. P. Heinzel, M. D. Sadick, B. J. Holaday, and K. D. Gardener. 1987. Murine cutaneous leishmaniasis: Susceptibility correlates with differential expansion of helper T-cell subsets. Ann. Inst. Pasteur/Immunol. (Paris) 138:744-749.
    • (1987) Ann. Inst. Pasteur/Immunol. , vol.138 , pp. 744-749
    • Locksley, R.M.1    Heinzel, F.P.2    Sadick, M.D.3    Holaday, B.J.4    Gardener, K.D.5
  • 172
    • 0025818157 scopus 로고
    • Helper T-cell subsets in mouse leishmaniasis: Induction, expansion and effector function
    • 7(3)
    • Locksley, R. M., and P. Scott. 1991. Helper T-cell subsets in mouse leishmaniasis: induction, expansion and effector function. Irnmunoparasitol. Today 12(3)/7(3):A54-A58.
    • (1991) Irnmunoparasitol. Today , vol.12 , Issue.3
    • Locksley, R.M.1    Scott, P.2
  • 173
    • 0025172078 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and characterization of the immunologically protective surface glycoprotein GP46/M-2 of Leishmania amazonensis
    • Lohman, K. L., P. J. Langer, and D. McMahon-Pratt. 1990. Molecular cloning and characterization of the immunologically protective surface glycoprotein GP46/M-2 of Leishmania amazonensis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:8393-5397.
    • (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.87 , pp. 8393-15397
    • Lohman, K.L.1    Langer, P.J.2    McMahon-Pratt, D.3
  • 174
    • 0022744118 scopus 로고
    • Identification of visceral Leishmania species with cloned sequences of kinetoplast DNA
    • Lopes, U. G., and D. F. Wirth. 1986. Identification of visceral Leishmania species with cloned sequences of kinetoplast DNA. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 20:308-314.
    • (1986) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.20 , pp. 308-314
    • Lopes, U.G.1    Wirth, D.F.2
  • 176
    • 85034913661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro amplification of a kinetoplast DNA sequence to detect Leishmania parasites in biopsies
    • in press
    • Lopez, M., C. Orrego, M. Cangalaya, R. Inga, and J. Arevalo. In vitro amplification of a kinetoplast DNA sequence to detect Leishmania parasites in biopsies. Biotechnology, in press.
    • Biotechnology
    • Lopez, M.1    Orrego, C.2    Cangalaya, M.3    Inga, R.4    Arevalo, J.5
  • 177
    • 0025213592 scopus 로고
    • Interferon gamma associated with conventional therapy for recurrent visceral leishmaniasis in a patient with AIDS
    • Lortholary, D., D. Mechali, D. Christiaens, M. G. Pocidalo, M. Bradely, and P. Babinet. 1990. Interferon gamma associated with conventional therapy for recurrent visceral leishmaniasis in a patient with AIDS. Rev. Infect. Dis. 12:370-371.
    • (1990) Rev. Infect. Dis. , vol.12 , pp. 370-371
    • Lortholary, D.1    Mechali, D.2    Christiaens, D.3    Pocidalo, M.G.4    Bradely, M.5    Babinet, P.6
  • 181
    • 0023135037 scopus 로고
    • Variants with reduced virulence derived from Leishmania major after mutagen treatment
    • Marchand, M., S. Daoud, and R. G. Titus. 1987. Variants with reduced virulence derived from Leishmania major after mutagen treatment. Parasitol. Immunol. 9:81-92.
    • (1987) Parasitol. Immunol. , vol.9 , pp. 81-92
    • Marchand, M.1    Daoud, S.2    Titus, R.G.3
  • 182
    • 0001387656 scopus 로고
    • Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis
    • K.-P. Chang and R. S. Bray (ed.), Elsevier, London
    • Marsden, P. D., and T. C. Jones. 1985. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis, p. 183-198. In K.-P. Chang and R. S. Bray (ed.), Leishmaniasis. Elsevier, London.
    • (1985) Leishmaniasis , pp. 183-198
    • Marsden, P.D.1    Jones, T.C.2
  • 183
    • 0023803465 scopus 로고
    • The synergistic action of pyrazolopyrimidines and pentavalent antimony against Leishmania donovani and L. braziliensis
    • Martinez, S., D. L. Looker, R. L. Berens, and J. J. Marr. 1988. The synergistic action of pyrazolopyrimidines and pentavalent antimony against Leishmania donovani and L. braziliensis. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 39:250-255.
    • (1988) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.39 , pp. 250-255
    • Martinez, S.1    Looker, D.L.2    Berens, R.L.3    Marr, J.J.4
  • 184
    • 0026541511 scopus 로고
    • Allopurinol in the treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis
    • Martinez, S., and J. J. Marr. 1992. Allopurinol in the treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. N. Engl. J. Med. 326: 741-744.
    • (1992) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.326 , pp. 741-744
    • Martinez, S.1    Marr, J.J.2
  • 185
    • 0026701734 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) probe for identifying Leishmania tropica
    • Massamba, N. N., and M. J. Mutinga. 1992. Recombinant kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) probe for identifying Leishmania tropica. Acta Trop. 52:1-15.
    • (1992) Acta Trop. , vol.52 , pp. 1-15
    • Massamba, N.N.1    Mutinga, M.J.2
  • 186
    • 0003528088 scopus 로고
    • Immunity: Clinical and experimental
    • W. Peters and R. Killick-Kendrick (ed.), Academic Press Ltd., London
    • Mauel, J., and R. Behin. 1987. Immunity: clinical and experimental, p. 731-791. In W. Peters and R. Killick-Kendrick (ed.), The leishmaniases in biology and medicine, vol. 2. Academic Press Ltd., London.
    • (1987) The Leishmaniases in Biology and Medicine , vol.2 , pp. 731-791
    • Mauel, J.1    Behin, R.2
  • 189
    • 0023474685 scopus 로고
    • Lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania major that vaccinates against cutaneous leishmaniasis contains an alkylglycerophosphoinositol lipid anchor
    • McConville, M. J., A. Bacic, G. F. Mitchell, and E. Handman. 1987. Lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania major that vaccinates against cutaneous leishmaniasis contains an alkylglycerophosphoinositol lipid anchor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:8941-8952.
    • (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.84 , pp. 8941-8952
    • McConville, M.J.1    Bacic, A.2    Mitchell, G.F.3    Handman, E.4
  • 190
    • 0023678603 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of granuloma formation in experimental visceral leishmaniasis
    • McElrath, M. J., H. W. Murray, and Z. A. Cohn. 1988. The dynamics of granuloma formation in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. J. Exp. Med. 167:1927-1937.
    • (1988) J. Exp. Med. , vol.167 , pp. 1927-1937
    • McElrath, M.J.1    Murray, H.W.2    Cohn, Z.A.3
  • 191
    • 0024512492 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effects on protein kinase C activity by lipophosphoglycan fragments and glycosylphosphatidylinositol antigens of the protozoan parasite Leishmania
    • McNeely, T. B., G. Rosen, M. V. Londner, and S. J. Turco. 1989. Inhibitory effects on protein kinase C activity by lipophosphoglycan fragments and glycosylphosphatidylinositol antigens of the protozoan parasite Leishmania. Biochem. J. 259:601-604.
    • (1989) Biochem. J. , vol.259 , pp. 601-604
    • McNeely, T.B.1    Rosen, G.2    Londner, M.V.3    Turco, S.J.4
  • 193
    • 0022591046 scopus 로고
    • Human American cutaneous leishmaniasis (Leishmania b. braziliensis) in Brazil: Lymphoproliferative responses and influence of therapy
    • Mendonca, S. C., S. G. Coutinho, R. R. Amendoeira, M. C. A. Marzochi, and C. Pirmez. 1986. Human American cutaneous leishmaniasis (Leishmania b. braziliensis) in Brazil: lymphoproliferative responses and influence of therapy. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 64:269-276.
    • (1986) Clin. Exp. Immunol. , vol.64 , pp. 269-276
    • Mendonca, S.C.1    Coutinho, S.G.2    Amendoeira, R.R.3    Marzochi, M.C.A.4    Pirmez, C.5
  • 194
    • 0026023269 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the human T cell responsiveness to purified antigens of Leishmania: Lipophosphoglycan (LPG) and glycoprotein 63 (gp 63)
    • Mendonca, S. C. F., D. G. Russell, and S. G. Coutinho. 1991. Analysis of the human T cell responsiveness to purified antigens of Leishmania: lipophosphoglycan (LPG) and glycoprotein 63 (gp 63). Clin. Exp. Immunol. 83:472-478.
    • (1991) Clin. Exp. Immunol. , vol.83 , pp. 472-478
    • Mendonca, S.C.F.1    Russell, D.G.2    Coutinho, S.G.3
  • 195
    • 0025609592 scopus 로고
    • Human T cell proliferative responses to Leishmania braziliensis lipophosphoglycan: Fact or artefact?
    • Mendonca, S. C. F., D. G. Russell, T. G. Restom, and S. G. Coutinho. 1990. Human T cell proliferative responses to Leishmania braziliensis lipophosphoglycan: fact or artefact? J. Immunol. Immunopharmacol. 10:188-189.
    • (1990) J. Immunol. Immunopharmacol. , vol.10 , pp. 188-189
    • Mendonca, S.C.F.1    Russell, D.G.2    Restom, T.G.3    Coutinho, S.G.4
  • 196
    • 0026561281 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of parasitological and immunological methods in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis in Ethiopia
    • Mengistu, G., H. Akuffo, T. E. Fehniger, Y. Nagese, and R. Nilsen. 1992. Comparison of parasitological and immunological methods in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 86:154-157.
    • (1992) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.86 , pp. 154-157
    • Mengistu, G.1    Akuffo, H.2    Fehniger, T.E.3    Nagese, Y.4    Nilsen, R.5
  • 197
    • 0025286501 scopus 로고
    • The value of a direct agglutination test in the diagnosis of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia
    • Mengistu, G., R. Kiessling, and H. Akuffo. 1990. The value of a direct agglutination test in the diagnosis of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 84:359-362.
    • (1990) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.84 , pp. 359-362
    • Mengistu, G.1    Kiessling, R.2    Akuffo, H.3
  • 198
    • 0023056968 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and characterization of a Leishmania enriettii gene encoding an RNA spliced leader sequence
    • Miller, S. I., S. M. Landfear, and D. F. Wirth. 1986. Cloning and characterization of a Leishmania enriettii gene encoding an RNA spliced leader sequence. Nucleic Acids 14:7341-7360.
    • (1986) Nucleic Acids , vol.14 , pp. 7341-7360
    • Miller, S.I.1    Landfear, S.M.2    Wirth, D.F.3
  • 199
    • 0022612686 scopus 로고
    • Increased myelopoiesis during L. major infection in mice: Generation of "safe targets," a possible way to evade the effector immune mechanism
    • Mirkovich, A. M., A. Galelli, A. C. Allison, and F. Z. Modabber. 1986. Increased myelopoiesis during L. major infection in mice: generation of "safe targets," a possible way to evade the effector immune mechanism. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 64:1-7.
    • (1986) Clin. Exp. Immunol. , vol.64 , pp. 1-7
    • Mirkovich, A.M.1    Galelli, A.2    Allison, A.C.3    Modabber, F.Z.4
  • 200
    • 0024309528 scopus 로고
    • Lymphocytes bearing antigen-specific gamma delta T-cell receptors accumulate in human infectious disease lesions
    • Modlin, R. L., C. Pirmez, F. M. Hofman, V. Torigian, K. Uyemura, T. H. Rea, B. R. Bloom, and M. B. Brenner. 1989. Lymphocytes bearing antigen-specific gamma delta T-cell receptors accumulate in human infectious disease lesions. Nature (London) 339:544-548.
    • (1989) Nature (London) , vol.339 , pp. 544-548
    • Modlin, R.L.1    Pirmez, C.2    Hofman, F.M.3    Torigian, V.4    Uyemura, K.5    Rea, T.H.6    Bloom, B.R.7    Brenner, M.B.8
  • 201
    • 0021119271 scopus 로고
    • On the identity of Leishmania mexicana pifanoi and L. mexicana garnhami
    • Momen, H., and G. Grimaldi, Jr. 1984. On the identity of Leishmania mexicana pifanoi and L. mexicana garnhami. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 78:701-702.
    • (1984) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.78 , pp. 701-702
    • Momen, H.1    Grimaldi Jr., G.2
  • 202
    • 2542643631 scopus 로고
    • Enzyme electrophoretic evidence for the importation of L. infantum into the New World
    • D. T. Hart (ed.), Plenum Publishing Co., New York
    • Momen, H., and G. Grimaldi, Jr. 1989. Enzyme electrophoretic evidence for the importation of L. infantum into the New World, p. 911-916. In D. T. Hart (ed.), Leishmaniasis. Plenum Publishing Co., New York.
    • (1989) Leishmaniasis , pp. 911-916
    • Momen, H.1    Grimaldi Jr., G.2
  • 205
    • 0025733855 scopus 로고
    • The role of IL-10 in crossregulation of TH1 and TH2 responses
    • Mosmann, T. R., and K. W. Moore. 1991. The role of IL-10 in crossregulation of TH1 and TH2 responses. Immunol. Today 12:A49-A53.
    • (1991) Immunol. Today , vol.12
    • Mosmann, T.R.1    Moore, K.W.2
  • 206
    • 0024355351 scopus 로고
    • Receptor-mediated drug delivery to macrophages in chemotherapy of leishmaniasis
    • Mukhopadhyay, A., G. Chaudhuri, S. K. Arora, S. Seghal, and S. K. Basu. 1989. Receptor-mediated drug delivery to macrophages in chemotherapy of leishmaniasis. Science 244:705-707.
    • (1989) Science , vol.244 , pp. 705-707
    • Mukhopadhyay, A.1    Chaudhuri, G.2    Arora, S.K.3    Seghal, S.4    Basu, S.K.5
  • 207
    • 0025338731 scopus 로고
    • Cholera toxin discriminates between T helper 1 and 2 cells in T cell receptor-mediated activation: Role of cAMP in T cell proliferation
    • Munoz, E., A. M. Zubiaga, M. Merrow, N. P. Sauter, and B. T. Huber. 1990. Cholera toxin discriminates between T helper 1 and 2 cells in T cell receptor-mediated activation: role of cAMP in T cell proliferation. J. Exp. Med. 172:95-103.
    • (1990) J. Exp. Med. , vol.172 , pp. 95-103
    • Munoz, E.1    Zubiaga, A.M.2    Merrow, M.3    Sauter, N.P.4    Huber, B.T.5
  • 208
    • 0023935522 scopus 로고
    • Immunohemotherapy for intracellular Leishmania donovani infection: Gamma Interferon plus pentavalent antimony
    • Murray, H. W., J. D. Berman, and S. D. Wright. 1988. Immunohemotherapy for intracellular Leishmania donovani infection: gamma Interferon plus pentavalent antimony. J. Infect. Dis. 157:973-974.
    • (1988) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.157 , pp. 973-974
    • Murray, H.W.1    Berman, J.D.2    Wright, S.D.3
  • 209
    • 0021209915 scopus 로고
    • Reversible defect in antigen-induced lymphokine and gamma interferon generation in cutaneous leishmaniasis
    • Murray, H. W., B. Y. Rubin, S. Carriero, and A. M. Acosta. 1984. Reversible defect in antigen-induced lymphokine and gamma interferon generation in cutaneous leishmaniasis. J. Immunol. 133:2250-2254.
    • (1984) J. Immunol. , vol.133 , pp. 2250-2254
    • Murray, H.W.1    Rubin, B.Y.2    Carriero, S.3    Acosta, A.M.4
  • 210
    • 0025165944 scopus 로고
    • Leishmania major: Expression and gene structure of the glycoprotein 63 molecule in virulent and avirulent clones and strains
    • Murray, P. J., E. Handman, T. A. Glaser, and T. W. Spithill. 1990. Leishmania major: expression and gene structure of the glycoprotein 63 molecule in virulent and avirulent clones and strains. Exp. Parasitol. 71:294-306.
    • (1990) Exp. Parasitol. , vol.71 , pp. 294-306
    • Murray, P.J.1    Handman, E.2    Glaser, T.A.3    Spithill, T.W.4
  • 213
    • 0024093182 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of Leishmania guyanensis from lesions of the nasal mucosa
    • Naiff, R. D., S. Talhari, and T. V. Barrett. 1988. Isolation of Leishmania guyanensis from lesions of the nasal mucosa. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 83:529-530.
    • (1988) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz , vol.83 , pp. 529-530
    • Naiff, R.D.1    Talhari, S.2    Barrett, T.V.3
  • 214
    • 0026542263 scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled clinical trial of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) vs. ketoconazole for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis in Guatemala
    • Navin, T. R., B. A. Arana, F. E. Arana, J. D. Berman, and J. F. Chajon. 1992. Placebo-controlled clinical trial of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) vs. ketoconazole for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis in Guatemala. J. Infect. Dis. 165:528-534.
    • (1992) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.165 , pp. 528-534
    • Navin, T.R.1    Arana, B.A.2    Arana, F.E.3    Berman, J.D.4    Chajon, J.F.5
  • 215
    • 0025038036 scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled clinical trial of Meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) vs. localized controlled heat in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Guatemala
    • Navin, T. R., B. A. Arana, F. E. Arana, A. M. Merida, A. L. Castillo, and J. L. Pozuelos. 1990. Placebo-controlled clinical trial of Meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) vs. localized controlled heat in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Guatemala. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 42:43-50.
    • (1990) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.42 , pp. 43-50
    • Navin, T.R.1    Arana, B.A.2    Arana, F.E.3    Merida, A.M.4    Castillo, A.L.5    Pozuelos, J.L.6
  • 217
    • 0001649950 scopus 로고
    • Experimental chemotherapy
    • W. Peters and R. Killick-Kendrick (ed.), Academic Press Ltd., London
    • Neal, R. A. 1987. Experimental chemotherapy, p. 793-846. In W. Peters and R. Killick-Kendrick (ed.), The leishmaniases in biology and medicine, vol. 2. Academic Press Ltd., London.
    • (1987) The Leishmaniases in Biology and Medicine , vol.2 , pp. 793-846
    • Neal, R.A.1
  • 222
    • 0024346428 scopus 로고
    • Chromosome size and number polymorphisms in Leishmania infantum suggest amplification/deletion and possible genetic exchange
    • Pages, M., P. Bastien, F. Veas, V. Rossi, M. Belli, P. Wincker, J.-A. Rioux, and G. Roizes. 1989. Chromosome size and number polymorphisms in Leishmania infantum suggest amplification/deletion and possible genetic exchange. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 36:161-168.
    • (1989) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.36 , pp. 161-168
    • Pages, M.1    Bastien, P.2    Veas, F.3    Rossi, V.4    Belli, M.5    Wincker, P.6    Rioux, J.-A.7    Roizes, G.8
  • 223
    • 0026338698 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory diagnosis of Leishmania
    • Palma, G. and Y. Gutierrez. 1991. Laboratory diagnosis of Leishmania. Clin. Lab. Med. 11:909-922.
    • (1991) Clin. Lab. Med. , vol.11 , pp. 909-922
    • Palma, G.1    Gutierrez, Y.2
  • 224
    • 0021275325 scopus 로고
    • Leishmania mexicana: Serial cultivation of intracellular stages in a cell free medium
    • Pan, A. A. 1984. Leishmania mexicana: serial cultivation of intracellular stages in a cell free medium. Exp. Parasitol. 58:72-80.
    • (1984) Exp. Parasitol. , vol.58 , pp. 72-80
    • Pan, A.A.1
  • 225
    • 0022448512 scopus 로고
    • Humoral factors during South American visceral leishmaniasis
    • Pearson, R. D., T. Evans, and D. A. Wheeler. 1986. Humoral factors during South American visceral leishmaniasis. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 80:465-468.
    • (1986) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.80 , pp. 465-468
    • Pearson, R.D.1    Evans, T.2    Wheeler, D.A.3
  • 226
    • 0026036386 scopus 로고
    • Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana isolated from the sandfly Lutzomyia peruensis (Diptera: Psychodidae) and a sentinel hamster in the Huayllacallan Valley, Ancash, Peru
    • Perez, J. E., P. Villaseca, A. Caceres, M. Lopez, A. Zolessi, M. Campos, H. Guerra, and A. Llanos-Cuentas. 1991. Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana isolated from the sandfly Lutzomyia peruensis (Diptera: Psychodidae) and a sentinel hamster in the Huayllacallan Valley, Ancash, Peru. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 85:60.
    • (1991) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.85 , pp. 60
    • Perez, J.E.1    Villaseca, P.2    Caceres, A.3    Lopez, M.4    Zolessi, A.5    Campos, M.6    Guerra, H.7    Llanos-Cuentas, A.8
  • 227
    • 0002235803 scopus 로고
    • Segunda nota sobre a vacinacao preventiva na leishmaniose tegumentar americana com leptomonas mortas
    • Pessoa, S. B. 1941. Segunda nota sobre a vacinacao preventiva na leishmaniose tegumentar americana com leptomonas mortas. Rev. Paul. Med. 19:1-9.
    • (1941) Rev. Paul. Med. , vol.19 , pp. 1-9
    • Pessoa, S.B.1
  • 228
    • 0025077790 scopus 로고
    • Visceral leishmaniasis in HIV infection and AIDS: Clinical features and response to therapy
    • Peters, B. S., D. Fish, R. Golden, D. A. Evans, A. D. Bryceson, and A. J. Pinching. 1990. Visceral leishmaniasis in HIV infection and AIDS: clinical features and response to therapy. Q. J. Med. 77:1101-1111.
    • (1990) Q. J. Med. , vol.77 , pp. 1101-1111
    • Peters, B.S.1    Fish, D.2    Golden, R.3    Evans, D.A.4    Bryceson, A.D.5    Pinching, A.J.6
  • 229
    • 0023020425 scopus 로고
    • Leishmania infecting man and wild animals in Saudi Arabia. 2. Leishmania arabica n. sp
    • Peters, W., S. Elbihari, and D. A. Evans. 1986. Leishmania infecting man and wild animals in Saudi Arabia. 2. Leishmania arabica n. sp. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 80:497-502.
    • (1986) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.80 , pp. 497-502
    • Peters, W.1    Elbihari, S.2    Evans, D.A.3
  • 230
    • 0021248358 scopus 로고
    • Monocyte suppression of antigen-specific lymphocyte responses in diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis patients from the Dominican Republic
    • Peterson, E. A., F. A. Neva, A. Barral, R. Correa-Coronas, H. Bogaertz-Diaz, D. Martinez, and F. E. Ward. 1984. Monocyte suppression of antigen-specific lymphocyte responses in diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis patients from the Dominican Republic. J. Immunol. 132:2603-2606.
    • (1984) J. Immunol. , vol.132 , pp. 2603-2606
    • Peterson, E.A.1    Neva, F.A.2    Barral, A.3    Correa-Coronas, R.4    Bogaertz-Diaz, H.5    Martinez, D.6    Ward, F.E.7
  • 231
    • 0025094637 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous leishmaniasis in an AIDS patient: Cure with itraconizole
    • Pialoux, G., C. Hennequin, B. Dupont, and P. Ravisse. 1990. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in an AIDS patient: cure with itraconizole. J. Infect. Dis. 162:1221-1222.
    • (1990) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.162 , pp. 1221-1222
    • Pialoux, G.1    Hennequin, C.2    Dupont, B.3    Ravisse, P.4
  • 233
    • 0026097521 scopus 로고
    • Leishmania donovani chagasi: New clinical variant of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Honduras
    • Ponce, C., E. Ponce, A. Morrison, A. Cruz, R. Kreutzer, D. McMahon-Pratt, and F. Neva. 1991. Leishmania donovani chagasi: new clinical variant of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Honduras. Lancet 337:67-70.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 67-70
    • Ponce, C.1    Ponce, E.2    Morrison, A.3    Cruz, A.4    Kreutzer, R.5    McMahon-Pratt, D.6    Neva, F.7
  • 235
    • 0024404494 scopus 로고
    • Leishmaniacidal activity of amino acid and peptide esters
    • Rabinovitch, M. 1989. Leishmaniacidal activity of amino acid and peptide esters. Parasitol. Today 5:299-301.
    • (1989) Parasitol. Today , vol.5 , pp. 299-301
    • Rabinovitch, M.1
  • 236
    • 0005638476 scopus 로고
    • Psychocopygus as a genus: Reasons for a flexible classification of the phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)
    • Ready, P. D., H. Fraiha, R. Lainson, and J. J. Shaw. 1980. Psychocopygus as a genus: reasons for a flexible classification of the phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). J. Med. Entomol. 17:75-88.
    • (1980) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.17 , pp. 75-88
    • Ready, P.D.1    Fraiha, H.2    Lainson, R.3    Shaw, J.J.4
  • 237
    • 0023984920 scopus 로고
    • DNA hybridizations on squash-blotted sandflies to identify both Phlebotomus papatasi and infecting Leishmania major
    • Ready, P. D., D. F. Smith, and R. Killick-Kendrick. 1988. DNA hybridizations on squash-blotted sandflies to identify both Phlebotomus papatasi and infecting Leishmania major. Med. Vet. Entomol. 2:109-116.
    • (1988) Med. Vet. Entomol. , vol.2 , pp. 109-116
    • Ready, P.D.1    Smith, D.F.2    Killick-Kendrick, R.3
  • 238
    • 85034911796 scopus 로고
    • Identification of specific and cross-reactive antigens of Leishmania donovani chagasi recognized by human infection sera
    • Reed, S. G., R. Badaro, and R. M. Cheri-Lloyd. 1987. Identification of specific and cross-reactive antigens of Leishmania donovani chagasi recognized by human infection sera. J. Immunol. 126:1614-1618.
    • (1987) J. Immunol. , vol.126 , pp. 1614-1618
    • Reed, S.G.1    Badaro, R.2    Cheri-Lloyd, R.M.3
  • 242
    • 0001903838 scopus 로고
    • Visceral leishmaniasis and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
    • W. Peters, and R. Killick-Kendrick (ed.), Academic Press, Inc., New York
    • Rees, P. H., and P. A. Kager. 1987. Visceral leishmaniasis and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis, p. 583-616. In W. Peters, and R. Killick-Kendrick (ed.), The leishmaniases in biology and medicine vol. 2. Academic Press, Inc., New York.
    • (1987) The Leishmaniases in Biology and Medicine , vol.2 , pp. 583-616
    • Rees, P.H.1    Kager, P.A.2
  • 243
    • 0023106876 scopus 로고
    • Parasite-accessory cell interactions in murine leishmaniasis. I. Evasion and stimulus-dependent suppression of the macrophage interleukin 1 response by Leishmania donovani
    • Reiner, N. E. 1987. Parasite-accessory cell interactions in murine leishmaniasis. I. Evasion and stimulus-dependent suppression of the macrophage interleukin 1 response by Leishmania donovani. J. Immunol. 138:1919-1925.
    • (1987) J. Immunol. , vol.138 , pp. 1919-1925
    • Reiner, N.E.1
  • 244
    • 0023151617 scopus 로고
    • Parasite-accessory cell interactions in murine leishmaniasis. II. Leishmania donovani suppresses macrophage expression of class I and class II major histocompatibility complex products
    • Reiner, N. E., N. G. Winnie, and W. R. McMaster. 1987. Parasite-accessory cell interactions in murine leishmaniasis. II. Leishmania donovani suppresses macrophage expression of class I and class II major histocompatibility complex products J. Immunol. 138:1926-1932.
    • (1987) J. Immunol. , vol.138 , pp. 1926-1932
    • Reiner, N.E.1    Winnie, N.G.2    McMaster, W.R.3
  • 245
    • 0026644832 scopus 로고
    • Isoenzyme characterization of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis isolates obtained from Bolivian and Peruvian patients
    • Revollo, S., L. Dimier-David, C. David, P. Lyevre, C. Camancho, and J. P. Dedet. 1992. Isoenzyme characterization of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis isolates obtained from Bolivian and Peruvian patients. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 86:388-391.
    • (1992) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.86 , pp. 388-391
    • Revollo, S.1    Dimier-David, L.2    David, C.3    Lyevre, P.4    Camancho, C.5    Dedet, J.P.6
  • 247
    • 0024318996 scopus 로고
    • Vector salavia and its role in parasite transmission
    • Ribeiro, J. M. C. 1989. Vector salavia and its role in parasite transmission. Exp. Parasitol. 69:104-106.
    • (1989) Exp. Parasitol. , vol.69 , pp. 104-106
    • Ribeiro, J.M.C.1
  • 248
    • 0019244306 scopus 로고
    • A histological classification of cutaneous leishmaniasis and its geographical distribution
    • Ridley, D. S. 1980. A histological classification of cutaneous leishmaniasis and its geographical distribution. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 74:515-521.
    • (1980) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.74 , pp. 515-521
    • Ridley, D.S.1
  • 249
    • 0011822886 scopus 로고
    • Pathology
    • W. Peters and R. Killick-Kendrick (ed.), Academic Press Ltd., London
    • Ridley, D. S. 1987. Pathology, p. 666-701. In W. Peters and R. Killick-Kendrick (ed.), The leishmaniases in biology and medicine, vol. 2. Academic Press Ltd., London.
    • (1987) The Leishmaniases in Biology and Medicine , vol.2 , pp. 666-701
    • Ridley, D.S.1
  • 250
    • 0019260825 scopus 로고
    • A histological classification of mucocutaneous leismaniasis in Brazil and its clinical evaluation
    • Ridley, D. S., P. D. Marsden, C. C. Cuca, and A. C. Barreto. 1980. A histological classification of mucocutaneous leismaniasis in Brazil and its clinical evaluation. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 74:508-514.
    • (1980) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.74 , pp. 508-514
    • Ridley, D.S.1    Marsden, P.D.2    Cuca, C.C.3    Barreto, A.C.4
  • 254
    • 0025169406 scopus 로고
    • Amplification of kinetoplast DNA as a tool in the detection and diagnosis of Leishmania
    • Rodgers, M. R., S. J. Popper, and D. F. Wirth. 1990. Amplification of kinetoplast DNA as a tool in the detection and diagnosis of Leishmania. Exp. Parasitol. 71:267-275.
    • (1990) Exp. Parasitol. , vol.71 , pp. 267-275
    • Rodgers, M.R.1    Popper, S.J.2    Wirth, D.F.3
  • 256
    • 0023792330 scopus 로고
    • Detection of Leishmania within sand flies by kinetoplast DNA hybridization
    • Rogers, W., P. F. Burnheim, and D. F. Wirth. 1988. Detection of Leishmania within sand flies by kinetoplast DNA hybridization. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 39:434-439.
    • (1988) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.39 , pp. 434-439
    • Rogers, W.1    Burnheim, P.F.2    Wirth, D.F.3
  • 257
    • 0025923025 scopus 로고
    • H2 subsets: Doubt no more
    • H2 subsets: doubt no more. Immunol. Today 12:256-257.
    • (1991) Immunol. Today , vol.12 , pp. 256-257
    • Romagnani, S.1
  • 260
    • 0023886330 scopus 로고
    • Effective immunization against cutaneous leishmaniasis with defined membrane antigens reconstituted into liposomes
    • Russel, D. G., and J. Alexander. 1988. Effective immunization against cutaneous leishmaniasis with defined membrane antigens reconstituted into liposomes. J. Immunol. 140:1274.
    • (1988) J. Immunol. , vol.140 , pp. 1274
    • Russel, D.G.1    Alexander, J.2
  • 262
    • 0026599304 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of human T lymphocytes by Leishmania lipophosphoglycan-associated proteins
    • Russo, D. M., S. J. Turco, J. M. Burns, Jr., and S. G. Reed. 1992. Stimulation of human T lymphocytes by Leishmania lipophosphoglycan-associated proteins. J. Immunol. 148:202-207.
    • (1992) J. Immunol. , vol.148 , pp. 202-207
    • Russo, D.M.1    Turco, S.J.2    Burns Jr., J.M.3    Reed, S.G.4
  • 263
    • 0023422893 scopus 로고
    • Leishmaniasis in Brazil. XXV. Sandfly vectors of Leishmania in para State, Brazil
    • Ryan, L., R. Lainson, J. J. Shaw, R. R. Braga, and E. A. Y. Ishikawa. 1987. Leishmaniasis in Brazil. XXV. Sandfly vectors of Leishmania in Para State, Brazil. Med. Vet. Entomol. 1:383-395.
    • (1987) Med. Vet. Entomol. , vol.1 , pp. 383-395
    • Ryan, L.1    Lainson, R.2    Shaw, J.J.3    Braga, R.R.4    Ishikawa, E.A.Y.5
  • 264
    • 0023243009 scopus 로고
    • Serodiagnosis of New World leishmaniasis by using a genus-specific antigen in enzyme linked immunosorbent assays
    • Sacci, J. B., H. A. Christensen, A. Vasquez, and R. L. Anthony. 1987. Serodiagnosis of New World leishmaniasis by using a genus-specific antigen in enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 6:229-238.
    • (1987) Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. , vol.6 , pp. 229-238
    • Sacci, J.B.1    Christensen, H.A.2    Vasquez, A.3    Anthony, R.L.4
  • 265
    • 0024390249 scopus 로고
    • Metacyclogenesis in Leishmania promastigotes
    • Sacks, D. L. 1989. Metacyclogenesis in Leishmania promastigotes. Exp. Parasitol. 69:100-103.
    • (1989) Exp. Parasitol. , vol.69 , pp. 100-103
    • Sacks, D.L.1
  • 266
    • 0023619138 scopus 로고
    • The generation of infective stage Leishmania major promastigotes is associated with the cell-surface expression and release of a developmentally regulated glycolipid
    • Sacks, D. L., and R. P. Da Silva. 1987. The generation of infective stage Leishmania major promastigotes is associated with the cell-surface expression and release of a developmentally regulated glycolipid. J. Immunol. 139:3099-3106.
    • (1987) J. Immunol. , vol.139 , pp. 3099-3106
    • Sacks, D.L.1    Da Silva, R.P.2
  • 267
    • 0021889262 scopus 로고
    • Identification of cell surface carbohydrate and antigenic changes between noninfective and infective developmental stages of Leishmania major promastigotes
    • Sacks, D. L., S. Hieny, and A. Sher. 1985. Identification of cell surface carbohydrate and antigenic changes between noninfective and infective developmental stages of Leishmania major promastigotes. J. Immunol. 135:564-569.
    • (1985) J. Immunol. , vol.135 , pp. 564-569
    • Sacks, D.L.1    Hieny, S.2    Sher, A.3
  • 269
    • 0021320759 scopus 로고
    • Identification of an infective stage of Leishmania promastigotes
    • Sacks, D. L., and P. Perkins. 1984. Identification of an infective stage of Leishmania promastigotes. Science 223:1417-1419.
    • (1984) Science , vol.223 , pp. 1417-1419
    • Sacks, D.L.1    Perkins, P.2
  • 270
    • 0025133974 scopus 로고
    • Cure of murine leishmaniasis with anti-interleukin 4 monoclonal antibody. Evidence for a T cell-dependent, interferon gamma-independent mechanism
    • Sadick, M. D., F. P. Heinzel, B. J. Holaday, R. T. Pu, R. S. Dawkins, and R. M. Locksley. 1990. Cure of murine leishmaniasis with anti-interleukin 4 monoclonal antibody. Evidence for a T cell-dependent, interferon gamma-independent mechanism. J. Exp. Med. 171:115-127.
    • (1990) J. Exp. Med. , vol.171 , pp. 115-127
    • Sadick, M.D.1    Heinzel, F.P.2    Holaday, B.J.3    Pu, R.T.4    Dawkins, R.S.5    Locksley, R.M.6
  • 272
    • 0025038299 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of ketoconazole against Leishmania braziliensis panamensis cutaneous leishmaniasis
    • Saenz, R. E., H. Paz, and J. D. Berman. 1990. Efficacy of ketoconazole against Leishmania braziliensis panamensis cutaneous leishmaniasis. Am. J. Med. 89:147-155.
    • (1990) Am. J. Med. , vol.89 , pp. 147-155
    • Saenz, R.E.1    Paz, H.2    Berman, J.D.3
  • 273
    • 0025831912 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and toxicity of Pentostam against Panamanian mucosal leishmaniasis
    • Saenz, R. E., C. G. Rodriguez, C. M. Johnson, and J. D. Berman. 1991. Efficacy and toxicity of Pentostam against Panamanian mucosal leishmaniasis. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 44:394-398.
    • (1991) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.44 , pp. 394-398
    • Saenz, R.E.1    Rodriguez, C.G.2    Johnson, C.M.3    Berman, J.D.4
  • 274
    • 0024349393 scopus 로고
    • Deteccion de amstigotas en leishmaniasis cutanea y mucocutanea por el metodo de inmunoperoxidasa, usando anticuerpo policlonal: Sensibilidad y especificidad comparadas con metodos convencionales de diagnostico
    • Salinas, G., L. Valderrama, G. Palma, G. Montes, and N. G. Saravia. 1989. Deteccion de amstigotas en leishmaniasis cutanea y mucocutanea por el metodo de inmunoperoxidasa, usando anticuerpo policlonal: sensibilidad y especificidad comparadas con metodos convencionales de diagnostico. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 84:53-60.
    • (1989) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz , vol.84 , pp. 53-60
    • Salinas, G.1    Valderrama, L.2    Palma, G.3    Montes, G.4    Saravia, N.G.5
  • 275
    • 0023628142 scopus 로고
    • Molecular karyotype of five species of Leishmania and analysis of gene locations and chromosomal rearrangements
    • Samaras, N., and T. W. Spithill. 1987. Molecular karyotype of five species of Leishmania and analysis of gene locations and chromosomal rearrangements. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 25: 279-291.
    • (1987) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.25 , pp. 279-291
    • Samaras, N.1    Spithill, T.W.2
  • 276
    • 0026053944 scopus 로고
    • A mouse model of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis infection produced by co-injection with sand fly saliva
    • Samuelson, J., E. Lerner, R. Tesh, and R. Titus. 1991. A mouse model of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis infection produced by co-injection with sand fly saliva. J. Exp. Med. 173:49-54.
    • (1991) J. Exp. Med. , vol.173 , pp. 49-54
    • Samuelson, J.1    Lerner, E.2    Tesh, R.3    Titus, R.4
  • 278
    • 0022386153 scopus 로고
    • Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia: Leishmania braziliensis subspecies diversity
    • Saravia, N. G., A. F. Holguin, D. McMahon-Pratt, and A. D'Alessandro. 1985. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia: Leishmania braziliensis subspecies diversity. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 34:714-720.
    • (1985) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.34 , pp. 714-720
    • Saravia, N.G.1    Holguin, A.F.2    McMahon-Pratt, D.3    D'Alessandro, A.4
  • 281
    • 0026767386 scopus 로고
    • Leishmania infections damage the feeding mechanism of the sandfly vector and implement parasite transmission by bite
    • Schlein, Y., R. L. Jacobson, and G. Messer. 1992. Leishmania infections damage the feeding mechanism of the sandfly vector and implement parasite transmission by bite. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:9944-9948.
    • (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.89 , pp. 9944-9948
    • Schlein, Y.1    Jacobson, R.L.2    Messer, G.3
  • 282
    • 0022529585 scopus 로고
    • Molecular karyotype of species and subspecies of Leishmania
    • Scholler, J. K., S. Reed, and K. Stuart. 1986. Molecular karyotype of species and subspecies of Leishmania. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 20:279-293.
    • (1986) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.20 , pp. 279-293
    • Scholler, J.K.1    Reed, S.2    Stuart, K.3
  • 283
    • 0025852554 scopus 로고
    • A rapid and simple diagnostic test for active visceral leishmaniasis
    • Scott, J. M., W. G. Shreffler, H. W. Ghalib. 1991. A rapid and simple diagnostic test for active visceral leishmaniasis. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 44:272-277.
    • (1991) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.44 , pp. 272-277
    • Scott, J.M.1    Shreffler, W.G.2    Ghalib, H.W.3
  • 284
    • 0025057060 scopus 로고
    • Protection against Leishmania major in BALB/c mice by adoptive transfer of a T cell clone recognizing a low molecular weight antigen released by promastigotes
    • Scott, P. A., P. Caspar, and A. Sher. 1990. Protection against Leishmania major in BALB/c mice by adoptive transfer of a T cell clone recognizing a low molecular weight antigen released by promastigotes. J. Immunol. 144:1075-1079.
    • (1990) J. Immunol. , vol.144 , pp. 1075-1079
    • Scott, P.A.1    Caspar, P.2    Sher, A.3
  • 285
    • 0024236111 scopus 로고
    • Immunoregulation of cutaneous leishmaniasis. T cell lines that transfer protective immunity or exacerbation belong to different T helper subsets and respond to distinct parasite antigens
    • Scott, P. A., P. Natovitz, R. L. Coffman, E. Pearce, and A. Sher. 1988. Immunoregulation of cutaneous leishmaniasis. T cell lines that transfer protective immunity or exacerbation belong to different T helper subsets and respond to distinct parasite antigens. J. Exp. Med. 168:1675-1684.
    • (1988) J. Exp. Med. , vol.168 , pp. 1675-1684
    • Scott, P.A.1    Natovitz, P.2    Coffman, R.L.3    Pearce, E.4    Sher, A.5
  • 286
    • 0024448044 scopus 로고
    • Heat shock protein 83 of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis is an abundant cytoplasmic protein with a tandemly repeated genomic arrangement
    • Shapira, M., and E. Pinelli. 1989. Heat shock protein 83 of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis is an abundant cytoplasmic protein with a tandemly repeated genomic arrangement. Eur. J. Biochem. 185:231-236.
    • (1989) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.185 , pp. 231-236
    • Shapira, M.1    Pinelli, E.2
  • 287
    • 0026272077 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous leishmaniasis of man due to Leishmania (Viannia) shawi Lainson, de Souza, Povoa, Ishikawa & Silveira, in para State, Brazil
    • Shaw, J. J., E. A. Y. Ishikawa, R. Lainson, R. R. Braga, and F. T. Silveira. 1991. Cutaneous leishmaniasis of man due to Leishmania (Viannia) shawi Lainson, de Souza, Povoa, Ishikawa & Silveira, in Para State, Brazil. Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. 66:243-246.
    • (1991) Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. , vol.66 , pp. 243-246
    • Shaw, J.J.1    Ishikawa, E.A.Y.2    Lainson, R.3    Braga, R.R.4    Silveira, F.T.5
  • 288
    • 18244420845 scopus 로고
    • Leishmaniose cutanea na Amazonia: Isolamento de Leishmania (Vannia) lainsoni do roedor Agouti paca (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae), no Estado do Para, Brasil
    • Silveira, F. T., R. Lainson, J. J. Shaw, R. R. Braga, E. E. A. Ishikawa, and A. A. A. Souza. 1991. Leishmaniose cutanea na Amazonia: isolamento de Leishmania (Vannia) lainsoni do roedor Agouti paca (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae), no Estado do Para, Brasil. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo 33:18-22.
    • (1991) Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo , vol.33 , pp. 18-22
    • Silveira, F.T.1    Lainson, R.2    Shaw, J.J.3    Braga, R.R.4    Ishikawa, E.E.A.5    Souza, A.A.A.6
  • 289
    • 0021165433 scopus 로고
    • Leishmaniose cutanea na Amazonia. Registro do primeiro caso humano de infeccao mista determinada por duas especies distintas de Leishmania: L. braziliensis braziliensis e L. mexicana amazonensis
    • Silveira, F. T., R. Lainson, J. J. Shaw, and R. S. M. Ribeiro. 1984. Leishmaniose cutanea na Amazonia. Registro do primeiro caso humano de infeccao mista determinada por duas especies distintas de Leishmania: L. braziliensis braziliensis e L. mexicana amazonensis. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo 26:272-275.
    • (1984) Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo , vol.26 , pp. 272-275
    • Silveira, F.T.1    Lainson, R.2    Shaw, J.J.3    Ribeiro, R.S.M.4
  • 290
    • 0023325022 scopus 로고
    • Dermal leishmaniasis in the Amazon region of Brazil: Leishmania (Viannaia) lainsoni sp.n., a new parasite from the State of para
    • Silveira, F. T., J. J. Shaw, R. R. Braga, and E. Ishikawa. 1987. Dermal leishmaniasis in the Amazon region of Brazil: Leishmania (Viannaia) lainsoni sp.n., a new parasite from the State of Para. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 82:289-292.
    • (1987) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz , vol.82 , pp. 289-292
    • Silveira, F.T.1    Shaw, J.J.2    Braga, R.R.3    Ishikawa, E.4
  • 291
    • 0023464113 scopus 로고
    • The mitochondrial genome of kinetoplastid protozoa: Genomic organization, transcription, replication, and evolution
    • Simpson, L. 1987. The mitochondrial genome of kinetoplastid protozoa: genomic organization, transcription, replication, and evolution. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 41:363-382.
    • (1987) Annu. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.41 , pp. 363-382
    • Simpson, L.1
  • 293
    • 0026746249 scopus 로고
    • Rapid and sensitive detection of Leishmania kinetoplast DNA from spleen and blood samples of kala-azar patients
    • Smyth, A. J. S., A. Ghosh, M. Q. Hassan, D. Basu, M. H. L. de Bruijn, S. Adhya, K. K. Mallik, and D. C. Barker. 1992. Rapid and sensitive detection of Leishmania kinetoplast DNA from spleen and blood samples of kala-azar patients. Parasitology 105:183-192.
    • (1992) Parasitology , vol.105 , pp. 183-192
    • Smyth, A.J.S.1    Ghosh, A.2    Hassan, M.Q.3    Basu, D.4    De Bruijn, M.H.L.5    Adhya, S.6    Mallik, K.K.7    Barker, D.C.8
  • 294
    • 0024805717 scopus 로고
    • Experimental visceral leishmaniasis: Role of endogenous IFN-gamma in host defense and tissue granulomatous response
    • Squires, K. E., R. D. Schreiber, M. J. McElrath, B. Y. Rubin, S. L. Anderson, and H. W. Murray. 1989. Experimental visceral leishmaniasis: role of endogenous IFN-gamma in host defense and tissue granulomatous response. J. Immunol. 143: 4244-4249.
    • (1989) J. Immunol. , vol.143 , pp. 4244-4249
    • Squires, K.E.1    Schreiber, R.D.2    McElrath, M.J.3    Rubin, B.Y.4    Anderson, S.L.5    Murray, H.W.6
  • 295
    • 0026040454 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of regimens of treatment of antimony-resistant kala-azar patients: A randomized study
    • Thakur, C. P., M. Kumar, and A. K. Pandey. 1991. Comparison of regimens of treatment of antimony-resistant kala-azar patients: a randomized study. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 45:435-441.
    • (1991) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.45 , pp. 435-441
    • Thakur, C.P.1    Kumar, M.2    Pandey, A.K.3
  • 296
    • 0001267193 scopus 로고
    • On the classification of American Phlebotominae
    • Theodor, O. 1965. On the classification of American Phlebotominae. J. Med. Entomol. 2:171-197.
    • (1965) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.2 , pp. 171-197
    • Theodor, O.1
  • 297
    • 85034910643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salivary gland material from the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis has an inhibitory effect on macrophage function in vitro
    • in press
    • Theodos, C. M., Y.-H. Nong, H. G. Remold, and R. G. Titus. Salivary gland material from the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis has an inhibitory effect on macrophage function in vitro. Parasite Immunol., in press.
    • Parasite Immunol.
    • Theodos, C.M.1    Nong, Y.-H.2    Remold, H.G.3    Titus, R.G.4
  • 298
    • 0021203913 scopus 로고
    • Exacerbation of murine cutaneous leishmaniasis by adoptive transfer of parasite-specific helper T-cell populations capable of mediating L. major specific delayed type hypersensitivity
    • Titus, R. G., G. C. Lima, H. D. Engers, and J. A. Louis. 1984. Exacerbation of murine cutaneous leishmaniasis by adoptive transfer of parasite-specific helper T-cell populations capable of mediating L. major specific delayed type hypersensitivity. J. Immunol. 133:1594-1600.
    • (1984) J. Immunol. , vol.133 , pp. 1594-1600
    • Titus, R.G.1    Lima, G.C.2    Engers, H.D.3    Louis, J.A.4
  • 299
    • 0023200625 scopus 로고
    • Involvement of specific Lyt-2+ T cells in the immunological control of experimentally induced murine cutaneous leishmaniasis
    • Titus, R. G., G. Milon, G. Marchal, P. Vassali, J.-C. Cerottini, and J. A. Louis. 1987. Involvement of specific Lyt-2+ T cells in the immunological control of experimentally induced murine cutaneous leishmaniasis. Eur. J. Immunol. 17:1429-1433.
    • (1987) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.17 , pp. 1429-1433
    • Titus, R.G.1    Milon, G.2    Marchal, G.3    Vassali, P.4    Cerottini, J.-C.5    Louis, J.A.6
  • 300
    • 0023899355 scopus 로고
    • Salivary gland lysates from the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis enhance Leishmania infectivity
    • Titus, R. G., and J. M. C. Ribeiro. 1988. Salivary gland lysates from the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis enhance Leishmania infectivity. Science 239:1306-1308.
    • (1988) Science , vol.239 , pp. 1306-1308
    • Titus, R.G.1    Ribeiro, J.M.C.2
  • 301
    • 0023258884 scopus 로고
    • Circulating antibodies to mouse laminin in Chagas disease, American cutaneous leishmaniasis, and normal individuals recognize terminal galactosyl (alpha 1-3)-galactose epitopes
    • Towbin, H., G. Rosenfelder, J. Wieslander, J. L. Avila, M. Rojas, A. Szarfman, K. Esser, H. Nowack, and R. Timpl. 1987. Circulating antibodies to mouse laminin in Chagas disease, American cutaneous leishmaniasis, and normal individuals recognize terminal galactosyl (alpha 1-3)-galactose epitopes. J. Exp. Med. 166:419-132.
    • (1987) J. Exp. Med. , vol.166 , pp. 419-1132
    • Towbin, H.1    Rosenfelder, G.2    Wieslander, J.3    Avila, J.L.4    Rojas, M.5    Szarfman, A.6    Esser, K.7    Nowack, H.8    Timpl, R.9
  • 302
    • 0025165363 scopus 로고
    • Lutzomyia evansi, an alternate vector of Leishmania chagasi in a Colombian focus of visceral leishmaniasis
    • Travi, B. L., I. D. Velez, L. Brutus, I. Segura, C. Jaramillo, and J. Montoya. 1990. Lutzomyia evansi, an alternate vector of Leishmania chagasi in a Colombian focus of visceral leishmaniasis. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 84:676-677.
    • (1990) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.84 , pp. 676-677
    • Travi, B.L.1    Velez, I.D.2    Brutus, L.3    Segura, I.4    Jaramillo, C.5    Montoya, J.6
  • 303
    • 0026515995 scopus 로고
    • Sequence analysis of small subunit ribosomal RNA genes and its use for detection and identification of Leishmania parasites
    • Van Eys, G. J. J. M., G. J. Schoone, N. C. M. Kroon, and S. B. Ebeling. 1992. Sequence analysis of small subunit ribosomal RNA genes and its use for detection and identification of Leishmania parasites. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 51:133-142.
    • (1992) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.51 , pp. 133-142
    • Van Eys, G.J.J.M.1    Schoone, G.J.2    Kroon, N.C.M.3    Ebeling, S.B.4
  • 304
    • 0001303778 scopus 로고
    • Control of transmission
    • W. Peters and R. Killick-Kendrick (ed.), Academic Press Ltd., London
    • Vioukov, V. N. 1987. Control of transmission, p. 908-928. In W. Peters and R. Killick-Kendrick (ed.), The leishmaniases in biology and medicine, vol. 2. Academic Press Ltd., London.
    • (1987) The Leishmaniases in Biology and Medicine , vol.2 , pp. 908-928
    • Vioukov, V.N.1
  • 305
    • 0027569692 scopus 로고
    • Leishmania differentiation in natural and unnatural sand fly hosts
    • Walters, L. L. 1993. Leishmania differentiation in natural and unnatural sand fly hosts. J. Euk. Microbiol. 40:196-206.
    • (1993) J. Euk. Microbiol. , vol.40 , pp. 196-206
    • Walters, L.L.1
  • 306
    • 0024551666 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural biology of Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis (= Leishmania brazilziliensis braziliensis) in Lutzomyia gomezi (Diptera: Psychodidae): a natural host-parasite association
    • Walters, L. L., G. L. Chaplin, G. B. Modi, and R. B. Tesh. 1989. Ultrastructural biology of Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis (= Leishmania brazilziliensis braziliensis) in Lutzomyia gomezi (Diptera: Psychodidae): a natural host-parasite association. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 40:19-39.
    • (1989) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.40 , pp. 19-39
    • Walters, L.L.1    Chaplin, G.L.2    Modi, G.B.3    Tesh, R.B.4
  • 307
    • 0027344819 scopus 로고
    • Formation and composition of the peritrophic membrane in the sand fly, Phlebotomus pemiciosus
    • Walters, L. L., K. P. Irons, H. Guzman, and R. B. Tesh. 1993. Formation and composition of the peritrophic membrane in the sand fly, Phlebotomus pemiciosus. J. Med. Entomol. 30:179-198.
    • (1993) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.30 , pp. 179-198
    • Walters, L.L.1    Irons, K.P.2    Guzman, H.3    Tesh, R.B.4
  • 308
    • 0026521804 scopus 로고
    • Refractory barriers in the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) to infection with Leishmania panamensis
    • Walters, L. L., K. P. Irons, G. B. Modi, and R. B. Tesh. 1992. Refractory barriers in the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) to infection with Leishmania panamensis. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 46:211-228.
    • (1992) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.46 , pp. 211-228
    • Walters, L.L.1    Irons, K.P.2    Modi, G.B.3    Tesh, R.B.4
  • 309
    • 0024458042 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural development of Leishmania chagasi in its vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae)
    • Walters, L. L., G. B. Modi, G. L. Chaplin, and R. B. Tesh. 1989. Ultrastructural development of Leishmania chagasi in its vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae). Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 41:295-317.
    • (1989) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.41 , pp. 295-317
    • Walters, L.L.1    Modi, G.B.2    Chaplin, G.L.3    Tesh, R.B.4
  • 310
    • 0023155045 scopus 로고
    • Host-parasite relationship of Leishmania mexicana mexicana and Lutzomyia abonenci (Diptera: Psychodidae)
    • Walters, L. L., G. B. Modi, R. B. Tesh, and T. Burrage. 1987. Host-parasite relationship of Leishmania mexicana mexicana and Lutzomyia abonenci (Diptera: Psychodidae). Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 36:294-314.
    • (1987) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.36 , pp. 294-314
    • Walters, L.L.1    Modi, G.B.2    Tesh, R.B.3    Burrage, T.4
  • 311
    • 0010168771 scopus 로고
    • The indirect fluorescent antibody test for evaluation of effectiveness of chemotherapy in American leishmaniasis
    • Sect. II
    • Walton, B. C. 1970. The indirect fluorescent antibody test for evaluation of effectiveness of chemotherapy in American leishmaniasis. J. Parasitol. 56(Sect. II):480.
    • (1970) J. Parasitol. , vol.56 , pp. 480
    • Walton, B.C.1
  • 312
    • 0000453339 scopus 로고
    • American cutaneous leishmaniasis
    • W. Peters and R. Killick-Kendrick (ed.), Academic Press Ltd., London
    • Walton, B. C. 1987. American cutaneous leishmaniasis, p. 637-664. In W. Peters and R. Killick-Kendrick (ed.), The leishmaniases in biology and medicine, vol. 2. Academic Press Ltd., London.
    • (1987) The Leishmaniases in Biology and Medicine , vol.2 , pp. 637-664
    • Walton, B.C.1
  • 313
    • 0017764688 scopus 로고
    • Differences in biological characteristics of three Leishmania isolates from patients with espundia
    • Walton, B. C., R. W. Intermill, and M. E. Hajduk. 1977. Differences in biological characteristics of three Leishmania isolates from patients with espundia. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 26:850-855.
    • (1977) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.26 , pp. 850-855
    • Walton, B.C.1    Intermill, R.W.2    Hajduk, M.E.3
  • 315
    • 0000017306 scopus 로고
    • Vector biology and control
    • K.-P. Chang and R. S. Bray (ed.), Elsevier, London
    • Ward, R. D. 1985. Vector biology and control, p. 199-212. In K.-P. Chang and R. S. Bray (ed.), Leishmaniasis. Elsevier, London.
    • (1985) Leishmaniasis , pp. 199-212
    • Ward, R.D.1
  • 316
    • 0025736064 scopus 로고
    • Leishmanin skin test standardization and evaluation of safety, dose, storage, longevity of reaction and sensitization
    • Weigle, K. A., L. Valderrama, A. L. Arias, C. Santrich, and N. G. Saravia. 1991. Leishmanin skin test standardization and evaluation of safety, dose, storage, longevity of reaction and sensitization. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 44:260-271.
    • (1991) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.44 , pp. 260-271
    • Weigle, K.A.1    Valderrama, L.2    Arias, A.L.3    Santrich, C.4    Saravia, N.G.5
  • 317
    • 0026598337 scopus 로고
    • Leishmania chagasi antigens recognized in cured visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic infection
    • White, A. C., Jr., M. Castes, L. Garcia, D. Trujillo, and L. Zambrano. 1992. Leishmania chagasi antigens recognized in cured visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic infection. Am J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 46:123-131.
    • (1992) Am J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.46 , pp. 123-131
    • White Jr., A.C.1    Castes, M.2    Garcia, L.3    Trujillo, D.4    Zambrano, L.5
  • 318
    • 0026684893 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation of a radioactive L. donovani complex DNA probe to a chemiluminescent detection system gives enhanced sensitivity for diagnostic and epidemiological applications
    • Wilson, S. M., R. McNerney, M. B. Moreno, I. Frame, and M. A. Miles. 1992. Adaptation of a radioactive L. donovani complex DNA probe to a chemiluminescent detection system gives enhanced sensitivity for diagnostic and epidemiological applications. Parasitology 104:421-426.
    • (1992) Parasitology , vol.104 , pp. 421-426
    • Wilson, S.M.1    McNerney, R.2    Moreno, M.B.3    Frame, I.4    Miles, M.A.5
  • 319
    • 0344507828 scopus 로고
    • Rapid identification of Leishmania species by specific hybridization of kinetoplast DNA in cutaneous lesions
    • Wirth, D. F., and D. McMahon-Pratt. 1982. Rapid identification of Leishmania species by specific hybridization of kinetoplast DNA in cutaneous lesions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:6999-7003.
    • (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.79 , pp. 6999-7003
    • Wirth, D.F.1    McMahon-Pratt, D.2
  • 322
    • 0009473843 scopus 로고
    • Tropical diseases. Progress in research, 1989-1990
    • World Health Organization, Geneva
    • World Health Organization. 1991. Tropical diseases. Progress in research, 1989-1990, p. 79-87. In TDR Tenth Programme Report. World Health Organization, Geneva.
    • (1991) TDR Tenth Programme Report , pp. 79-87
  • 323
    • 0004099766 scopus 로고
    • Control of the leishmaniases
    • World Health Organization, Geneva
    • World Health Organization Expert Committee. 1990. Control of the leishmaniases. Tech. Rep. Ser. 793. World Health Organization, Geneva.
    • (1990) Tech. Rep. Ser. 793
  • 324
    • 0025178056 scopus 로고
    • Oral Salmonella typhimurium (AroA-) vaccine expressing a major leishmanial surface protein (gp63) preferentially induces T helper 1 cells and protective immunity against leishmaniasis
    • Yang, D. M., N. Fairweather, L. L. Button, W. R. McMaster, L. P. Kahl, and F. Y. Liew. 1990. Oral Salmonella typhimurium (AroA-) vaccine expressing a major leishmanial surface protein (gp63) preferentially induces T helper 1 cells and protective immunity against leishmaniasis. J. Immunol. 145:2281-2289.
    • (1990) J. Immunol. , vol.145 , pp. 2281-2289
    • Yang, D.M.1    Fairweather, N.2    Button, L.L.3    McMaster, W.R.4    Kahl, L.P.5    Liew, F.Y.6
  • 328
    • 0025110333 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of the immune response in visceral leishmaniasis. Evidence for predominance of endogeneous IL4 over IFN-gamma production
    • Zwingenberger, K., G. Harms, C. Pedrosa, S. Omena, B. Sandkramp, and S. Neifer. 1990. Determinants of the immune response in visceral leishmaniasis. Evidence for predominance of endogeneous IL4 over IFN-gamma production. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 54:242-249.
    • (1990) Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. , vol.54 , pp. 242-249
    • Zwingenberger, K.1    Harms, G.2    Pedrosa, C.3    Omena, S.4    Sandkramp, B.5    Neifer, S.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.