Increased mortality after high titer measles vaccines: Too much of a good thing

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

Volumn 12, Issue 6, 1993, Pages 462-465

  Halsey, Neal A ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Measles; Measles vaccines; Mortality

Indexed keywords

MEASLES VACCINE;

CHILD; CHILDHOOD MORTALITY; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; HUMAN; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; MEASLES; MEASLES VACCINATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

FEMALE; HUMAN; IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE; INFANT; MALE; MEASLES; MEASLES VACCINE; SEX FACTORS;

EID: 0027221495     PISSN: 08913668     EISSN: 15320987     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199306000-00002     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Markowitz LE, Sepulveda J, Diaz-Ortega JL, et al. Immunization of six month-old infants with different doses of Edmon- ston-Zagreb and Schwarz measles vaccines. N Engl J Med 1990;322:580-7.
2. Markowitz LE, Sepulveda J, Diaz-Ortega JL, et al. Immunization of six month-old infants with different doses of Edmon- ston-Zagreb and Schwarz measles vaccines. N Engl J Med 1990;322:580-7.
3. Job JS, Halsey NA, Boulos R, et al. Successful immunization of infants at 6 months of age with high dose Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991;10:303-11.
4. Berry S, Hernandez H, Kanashiro R, et al. Comparison of high titer Edmonston-Zagreb, Biken-CAM and Schwarz measles vaccines in Peruvian infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1992;11:822- 7.
5. Garenne M, Leroy O, Beau JP, Sene I. Child mortality after high titer measles vaccines: prospective study in Senegal. Lancet 1991;338:903-7.
6. Expanded Programme on Immunization. Safety of high-titer measles vaccines. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1992;67:357-61.
7. Aaby P, Knudsen K, Whittle H, et al. Long-term survival after Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccination: increased female mortality. J Pediatr (in press).
8. Henderson RH. Child survival-world survival: an epidemiologist’s story. JR Coll Physicians Lond 1989;23:271-6.
9. Gindler JS, Atkinson WL, Markowitz LE, Hutchins SS. Epidemiology of measles in the United States in 1989 and 1990. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1992;11:841-6.
10. Aaby P, Bukh J, Lisse IM, Smits AJ. Severe measles in Sunderland, 1885: a European-African comparison of causes of severe infection. Int J Epidemiol 1986;15:101-7.
11. Aaby P, Clements J, Orinda V. Mortality from measles: measuring the impact. Geneva: Expanded Programme on Immunization, World Health Organization, 1991.
12. Hull HF, Williams PJ, Oldfield F. Measles mortality and vaccine efficacy in rural West Africa. Lancet 1983;1:972-5.
13. McChesney MB, Oldstone MB. Virus induced immunosuppression: infections with measles virus and human immunodeficiency virus. Adv Immunol 1989;45:335-80.
14. Griffin DE. Immunologic abnormalities accompanying acute and chronic viral infections. Rev Infect Dis 1991; 13(Suppl):Sl29.
15. Koster F. Mortality among primary and secondary cases of measles in Bangladesh. Rev Infect Dis 1988;10:471-3.
16. Kasongo Project Team. Anthropometric assessment of young children’s nutritional status as an indicator of subsequent risk of dying. J Trop Pediatr 1983;29:69-75.
17. Garenne M, Aaby P. Pattern of exposure and measles mortality in Senegal. J Infect Dis 1990;161:1088-94.
18. Ross AH. Modification of chickenpox in family contacts by administration of gamma globulin. N Engl J Med 1962;267:369- 76.
19. Sutter R, Markowitz LE, Bennetch JM, Morris W, Zell ER, Preblud SR. Measles among the Amish: a comparative study of measles severity in primary and secondary cases in households. J Infect Dis 1991;163:12-16.
20. Halsey NA, Job JS. Measles. In: Warren KS, Mahmoud AAF, eds. Tropical and geographic medicine. New York: McGraw- Hill 1990:607-19.
21. Barclay AJG, Foster A, Sommer A. Vitamin A supplements and mortality related to measles: a randomized clinical trial. Br Med J 1987;294:294-6.
22. Hussey GD, Klein M. A randomized, controlled trial of vitamin A in children with severe measles. N Engl J Med 1990;323:160- 4.
23. Peter G. Childhood immunizations. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1794-800.
24. Holt E, Boulos R, Halsey N, Boulos LM, Boulos C. Childhood survival in Haiti: the protective effect of measles vaccination. Pediatrics 1990;85:188-94.
25. Koenig MA, Khan MA, Wojtyniak B, et al. Impact of measles vaccination on childhood mortality in rural Bangladesh. Bull WHO 1990;68(4):441-7.
26. Aaby P, Pedersen IR, Knudsen K, et al. Child mortality related to seroconversion or lack of seroconversion after measles vaccination. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989;8(4):197-200.
27. Expanded Programme on Immunization. Measles control in the 1990s. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1992. WHO/EPI/ GEN/92.3.
28. Albrecht P, Ennis FA, Salzman EJ, Krugman S. Persistence of maternal antibody in infants beyond 12 months: mechanisms of vaccine failure. J Pediatr 1977;91:715-8.
29. Halsey NA, Boulos R, Mode F, et al. Response to measles vaccine in Haitian infants 6 to 12 months of age: influence of maternal antibodies, malnutrition and concurrent illnesses. N Engl J Med 1985;313:544-9.
30. Markowitz L, Orenstein W. Measles vaccine. Pediatr Clin North Am 1990;36:603-25.
31. Dabis F, Sow A, Waldman RJ, et al. The epidemiology measles in a partially vaccinated population in an African city: implications for immunization programs. Am J Epidemiol 1988;127:171-8.
32. Taylor WR, Kalisa R, MaDisu M, et al. Measles control efforts in urban Africa complicated by high incidence of measles in the first year of life. Am J Epidemiol 1988;127:788-94.
33. Whittle HC, Hanlon P, O’Neil K, et al. Trial of high dose Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccine in the Gambia: antibody response and side-effects. Lancet 1988;2:811-4.
34. Expanded Programme on Immunization: Global Advisory Group. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1990;65:5-11.
35. Expanded Programme on Immunizations. Safety and efficacy of high titre measles vaccine at 6 months of age. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1991;66:249-51.
36. Expanded Programme on Immunizations. Safety and efficacy of high titre measles vaccine at 6 months of age. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1991;66:249-51.
37. Samb B, Aaby P, Whittle H, Coll Seek AM, Simondon F. Protective efficacy of high-titer measles vaccines administered from the age of five months: a community study in rural Senegal. Tr Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg (in press).
38. Leon ME, Ward BJ, Kanashiro R, et al. Changes in immune cell function and phenotype two years after high titer measles vaccination. Modern Approaches to new vaccines [Abstract 95]. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1992.