The lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor 4 years later

Endocrine Reviews

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 324-347

  Segaloff, Deborah L ^a   Ascoli, Mario ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CELL SURFACE RECEPTOR; CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN RECEPTOR; COMPLEMENTARY DNA; FOLLITROPIN RECEPTOR; LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR; THYROTROPIN RECEPTOR;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE STRUCTURE; HORMONE BINDING; LIGAND BINDING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; RECEPTOR BINDING; RECEPTOR DOWN REGULATION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; RNA TRANSCRIPTION; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMAL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMAN; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; RECEPTORS, LH; RNA, MESSENGER; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY, AMINO ACID; SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S.;

EID: 0027158153     PISSN: 0163769X     EISSN: 0163769X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1210/edrv-14-3-324     Document Type: Article

References (138)

1. Ascoli M, Segaloff DL 1989 On the structure of the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor. Endocr Rev 10:27-44
2. McFarland KC, Sprengel R, Phillips HS, Kohler M, Rosemblit N, Nikolics K, Segaloff DL, Seeburg PH 1989 Lutropin-choriogonadotropin receptor: an unusual member of the G proteincoupled receptor family. Science 245:494-499
3. Loosfelt H, Misrahi M, Atger M, Salesse R, Vu Hai-Luu Thi MT, Jolivet A, Guiochon-Mantel A, Sar S, Jallal B, Garnier J, Milgrom E 1989 Cloning and sequencing of porcine LH-hCG receptor cDNA: variants lacking transmembrane domain. Science 245:525-528
4. Minegishi T, Nakamura K, Takakura Y, Miyamoto K, Hasegawa Y, Ibuki Y, Igarashi M 1990 Cloning and sequencing of human LH/hCG receptor cDNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 172:1049-1054
5. +2 mobilization. J Biol Chem 267:4479-4488
6. Segaloff DL, Sprengel R, Nikolics K, Ascoli M 1990 The structure of the lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor. Recent Prog Horm Res 46:261-303
7. Rosemblit N, Ascoli M, Segaloff DL 1988 Characterization of an antiserum to the rat luteal luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor. Endocrinology 123:2284-2290
8. Minegishi T, Delgado C, Dufau ML 1989 Phosphorylation and glycosylation of the luteinizing hormone receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:1470-1474
9. Petaja-Repo UE, Merz WE, Rajaniemi HJ 1991 Significance of the glycan moiety of the rat ovarian luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (CG) receptor and human CG for receptor-hormone interaction. Endocrinology 128:1209-1217
10. Leong SR, Baxter RC, Camerato T, Dai J, Wood WI 1992 Structure and functional expression of the acid-labile subunit of the insulinlike growth factor-binding protein complex. Mol Endocrinol 6:870-876
11. Krantz DD, Zidovetzki R, Kagan BL, Zipursky SL 1991 Amphipathic (8 structure of a leucine-rich repeat peptide. J Biol Chem 266:16801-16807
12. Findlay JBC, Pappin DJC 1986 The opsin family of proteins. Biochem J 238:625-642
13. Wang H, Lipfert L, Malbon CC, Bahouth S 1989 Site-directed anti-peptide antibodies define the topography of the β-adrenergic receptor. J Biol Chem 264:14424-14431
14. Kennelly PJ, Krebs EG 1991 Consensus sequences as substrate specificity determinants for protein kinases and protein phosphatases. J Biol Chem 266:15555-15558
15. Rodriguez MC, Segaloff DL 1990 The orientation of the lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor as revealed by site-specific antibodies. Endocrinology 127:674-681
16. Probst WC, Snyder LA, Schuster DI, Brosius J, Sealfon SC 1992 Sequence alignment of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily. DNA Cell Biol 11:1-20
17. 341 in the carboxyl tail leads to an uncoupled nonpalmitylated form of the receptor. J Biol Chem 264:7564-7569
18. Ovchinnikov YA, Abdulaev NG, Bogachuk AS 1988 Two adjacent cysteine residues in the C-terminal cytoplasmic fragment of bovine rhodopsin are palmitylated. FEBS Lett 230:1-5
19. Koo YB, Ji I, Slaughter RG, Ji TH 1991 Structure of the luteinizing hormone receptor gene and multiple exons of the coding sequence. Endocrinology 128:2291-2308
20. Tsai-Morris CH, Buczko E, Wang W, Xie X-Z, Dufau ML 1991 Structural organization of the rat luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor gene. J Biol Chem 266:11355-11359
21. Rousseau-Merck MF, Misrahi M, Atger M, Loosfelt H, Milgrom E, Berger R 1990 Localization of the human luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor gene (LHCGR) to chromosome 2p21. Cytogenet Cell Genet 54:77-79
22. Kobilka BK, Frielle T, Dohlman HG, Bolanowski MA, Dixon RAF, Keller P, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ 1987 Delineation of the intronless nature of the genes for the human and hamster 182adrenergic receptor and their putative promoter region. J Biol Chem 262:7321-7327
23. Wang H, Nelson S, Ascoli M, Segaloff DL 1992 The 5’ flanking region of the rat lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor gene confers Leydig cell expression and negative regulation of gene transcription by cAMP. Mol Endocrinol 6:320-326
24. Pierce JG, Parsons TF 1981 Glycoprotein hormones: structure and function. Annu Rev Biochem 50:465-495
25. Parmentier M, Libert F, Maenhaut C, Lefort A, Gerard C, Perret J, Van Sande J, Dumont JE, Vassart G 1989 Molecular cloning of the thyrotropin receptor. Science 246:1620-1622
26. Libert F, Lefort A, Gerard C, Parmentier M, Perret J, Ludgate M, Dumont JE, Vassart G 1989 Cloning, sequencing and expression of the human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor: evidence for binding of autoantibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 165:1250-1255
27. Sprengel R, Braun T, Nikolics K, Segaloff DL, Seeburg PH 1990 The testicular receptor for follicle stimulating hormone: structure and functional expression of cloned cDNA. Mol Endocrinol 4: 525-530
28. Minegishi T, Nakamura K, Takakura Y, Ibuki Y, Igarashi M 1991 Cloning and sequencing of human FSH receptor cDNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 175:1125-1130
29. Tilly JL, Aihara T, Nishimori K, Jia X-C, Billig H, Kowalski KI, Perlas EA, Hsueh AJW 1992 Expression of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone receptor: species-specific ligand binding, signal transduction, and identification of multiple ovarian messenger ribonucleic acid transcripts. Endocrinology 131: 799-806
30. Nagayama Y, Kaufman KD, Seto P, Rapopon B 1989 Molecular cloning, sequence and functional expression of the cDNA for the human thyrotropin receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 165:1184-1190
31. Akamizu T, Ikuyama S, Saji M, Kosugi S, Kozak C, McBride OW, Kohn LD 1990 Cloning, chromosomal assignment, and regulation of the rat thyrotropin receptor: expression of the gene is regulated by thyrotropin, agents that increase cAMP levels, and thyroid autoantibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:5677-5681
32. Frazier AL, Robbins LS, Stork PJ, Sprengel R, Segaloff DL, Cone RD 1990 Isolation of TSH and LH/CG receptor cDNAs from human thyroid: regulation by tissue specific splicing. Mol Endocrinol 90:1264-1276
33. Misrahi M, Loosfelt H, Atger M, Sar S, Guiochon-Mantel A, Milgrom E 1990 Cloning, sequencing and expression of human TSH receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 166:394-403
34. Nagayama Y, Rapoport B 1992 The thyrotropin receptor 25 years after its discovery: new insight after its molecular cloning. Mol Endocrinol 6:145-156
35. Heckert LL, Daley IJ, Griswold MD 1992 Structural organization of the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene. Mol Endocrinol 6:70-80
36. Gross B, Misrahi M, Sar S, Milgrom E 1991 Composite structure of the human thyrotropin receptor gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 177:679-687
37. Ikuyama S, Niller HH, Shimura H, Akamizu T, Kohn LD 1992 Characterization of the 5’-flanking region of the rat thyrotropin receptor gene. Mol Endocrinol 6:793-804
38. Libert F, Passage E, Lefort A, Vassart G, Matteri M-G 1990 Localization of human thyrotropin receptor gene to chromosome region 14q31 by in situ hybridization. Cytogenet Cell Genet 54: 82-83
39. Wang H, Ascoli M, Segaloff DL 1991 Multiple luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid transcripts. Endocrinology 129:133-138
40. Segaloff DL, Wang H, Richards JS 1990 Hormonal regulation of luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor mRNA in rat ovarian cells during follicular development and luteinization. Mol Endocrinol 4:1856-1865
41. Hoffman YM, Peegel H, Sprock MJE, Zhang Q-Y, Menon KMJ 1991 Evidence that human chorionic gonadotropin/luteinizing hormone receptor-down regulation involves decreased levels of receptor messenger ribonucleic acid. Endocrinology 128:338-393
42. Piquette GN, LaPolt PS, Oikawa M, Hsueh AJW 1991 Regulation of luteinizing hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels by gonadotropins, growth factors, and gonadotropin releasing hormone in cultured rat granulosa cells. Endocrinology 128:2449-2456
43. Camp TA, Rahal JO, Mayo KE 1991 Cellular localization and hormonal regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone receptor messenger RNAs in the rat ovary. Mol Endocrinol 5:1405-1417
44. Nakamura K, Minegishi T, Takakura Y, Miyamoto K, Hasegawa Y, Ibuki Y, Igarashi M 1990 Regulation of LH/CG receptor by gonadotropins in rat ovary. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 172:786-792
45. Sokka T, Hamalainen T, Huhtaniemi I 1992 Functional LH receptor appears in the neonatal rat ovary after changes in the alternative splicing pattern of the LH receptor mRNA. Endocrinology 130:1738-1740
46. LaPolt PS, Jia X-C, Sincich C, Hsueh AJW 1991 Ligand-induced down-regulation of testicular and ovarian luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors is preceded by tissue-specific inhibition of alternatively processed LH receptor transcripts. Mol Endocrinol 5: 397-403
47. Tsai-Morris CH, Buczko E, Wang W, Dufau ML 1990 Intronic nature of the rat luteinizing hormone receptor gene defines a soluble receptor subspecies with hormone binding activity. J Biol Chem 265:19385-19388
48. Xie Y-B, Wang H, Segaloff DL 1990 Extracellular domain of lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor expressed in transfected cells binds choriogonadotropin with high affinity. J Biol Chem 265:21411-21414
49. Moyle WR, Bernard MP, Myers RV, Marko OM, Strader CD 1991 Lutropin/β-adrenergic receptor chimeras bind choriogonadotropin and adrenergic ligands but are not expressed at the cell surface. J Biol Chem 266:10807-10812
50. Braun T, Schofield PR, Sprengel R 1991 Amino-terminal leucinerich repeats in gonadotropin receptors determine hormone selectivity. EMBOJ 10:1885-1890
51. Ji I, Ji T 1991 Exons 1-10 of the rat LH receptor encode a high affinity hormone binding site and exon 11 encodes a G-protein modulation and a potential second hormone binding site. Endocrinology 128:2648-2650
52. Hipkin RW, Sanchez-Yagiie J, Ascoli M 1992 Identification and characterization of a luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (LH/CG) receptor precursor in a human kidney cell line stably transfected with the rat luteal LH/CG receptor complementary DNA. Mol Endocrinol 6:2210-2218
53. Cooke BA 1990 Is cyclic AMP an obligatory second messenger for luteinizing hormone? Mol Cell Endocrinol 69:C11-C15
54. Davis JS, West LA, Farese RV 1984 Effects of luteinizing hormone on phosphoinositide metabolism in rat granulosa cells. J Biol Chem 259:15028-15034
55. Davis JS, Weakland LL, West LA, Farese RV 1986 Luteinizing hormone stimulates the formation of inositol triphosphate and cyclic AMP in rat granulosa cells. Biochem J 238:597-604
56. Dimino MJ, Snitzer J, Brown KM 1987 Inositol phosphates accumulation in ovarian granulosa cells after stimulation by luteinizing hormone. Biol Reprod 37:1129-1134
57. Davis JS, Weakland LL, Farese RV, West LA 1987 Luteinizing hormone increases inositol trisphosphate and cytosolic free Ca in isolated bovine luteal cells. J Biol Chem 262:8515-8521
58. 2a and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on inositol phospholipid metabolism in isolated rat corpora lutea of various ages. Endocrinology 123:1044-1052
59. Ascoli M, Pignataro OP, Segaloff DL 1989 The inositol phosphate/diacylglycerol pathway in MA-10 Leydig tumor cells. Activation by arginine vasopressin and lack of effect of epidermal growth factor and human choriogonadotropin. J Biol Chem 264:6674-6681
60. +2 mobilization by the LH receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes independent of 3’, 5’-cyclic adenosine monophosphate formation: evidence for parallel activation of two signaling pathways. Mol Endocrinol 6:272-278
61. Ashkenazi A, Winslow JW, Peralta EG, Peterson GL, Schimerlik MI, Capon DJ, Ramachandran J 1987 An M2 muscarinic receptor subtype coupled to both adenylyl cyclase and phosphoinositide turnover. Science 238:672-675
62. Cotecchia S, Kobilka BK, Daniel KW, Nolan RD, Lapetina EY, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ, Regan JW 1990 Multiple second messenger pathways of a-adrenergic receptor subtypes expressed in eurkaryotic cells. J Biol Chem 265:63-69
63. +2/inositol phosphate signaling pathways. Mol Endocrinol 6:551-556
64. 2 cascades in CHO cells expressing the human cDNA of the TSH receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol 74:R1-R6
65. Lefkowitz RJ, Caron MG 1988 Adrenergic receptors. J Biol Chem 263:4993-4996
66. Strader CD, Sigal IS, Dixon RAF 1989 Structural basis of adrenergic receptor function. FASEB J 3:1825-1832
67. Dohlman HG, Thorner J, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ 1991 Model systems for the study of seven-transmembrane-segment receptors. Annu Rev Biochem 60:653-688
68. 2-adrenergic receptor: how structure elucidates function. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 32:167-183
69. Jackson T 1991 Structure and function of G protein coupled receptors. Pharmacol Ther 50:425-442
70. Savarese TM, Fraser CM 1992 In vitro mutagenesis and the search for structure-function relationships among G protein-coupled receptors. Biochem J 283:1-19
71. Nagayama Y, Wadsworth HL, Chazenbalk GD, Russo D, Seto P, Rapoport B 1991 Thyrotropin-luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor extracellular domain chimeras as probes for thyrotropin receptor function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:902-905
72. Nagayama Y, Russo D, Chazenbalk GD, Wadsworth HL, Rapoport B 1990 Extracellular domain chimeras of the TSH and LH/CG receptors reveal the mid-region (amino acids 171-260) to play a vital role in high affinity TSH binding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 173:1150-1156
73. Rodriguez MC, Xie Y-B, Wang H, Collison K, Segaloff DL 1992 Effects of truncations of the cytoplasmic tail of the lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor on receptor-mediated hormone internalization. Mol Endocrinol 6:327-336
74. Sairam MR 1989 Role of carbohydrates in glycoprotein hormone signal transduction. FASEB J 3:1915-1926
75. Ji I, Ji T 1991 Human chorionic gonadotropin binds to a lutropin receptor with essentially no N-terminal extension and stimulates cAMP synthesis. J Biol Chem 266:13076-13079
76. Roche PC, Ryan RJ, McCormick DJ 1992 Identification of hormone-binding regions of the luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin receptor using synthetic peptides. Endocrinology 131:268-274
77. 2-adrenergic receptors by sodium. J Biol Chem 265:21590-21595
78. 383 in the second transmembrane domain of the lutropin receptor is important for high affinity hormone binding and cAMP production. J Biol Chem 266:14953-14957
79. Quintana J, Wang H, Ascoli M 1993 The regulation of the binding affinity of the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor by sodium ions is mediated by a highly conserved aspartate located in the second transmembane domain of G protein-coupled receptors. Mol Endocrinol, in press
80. + modulates the affinity of the lutropin/choriogonadotropin (LH/CG) receptor. J Biol Chem 259:15078-15084
81. Combarnous Y, Guillou F, Martinat N 1986 Functional states of the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin-receptor complex in rat Leydig cells. J Biol Chem 261:6868-6871
82. Wang Z, Wang H, Ascoli M 1993 Mutation of a highly conserved acidic residue present in the second intracellular loop of G proteincoupled receptors does not impair hormone binding or signal transduction of the LH/CG receptor. Mol Endocrinol 7:85-93
83. Ji I, Slaughter RG, Ji TH 1990 N-linked oligosaccharides are not required for hormone binding of the lutropin receptor in a Leydig tumor cell line and rat granulosa cells. Endocrinology 127:494-406
84. Zhang R, Tsai-Morris CH, Kitamura M, Buczko E, Dufau ML 1991 Changes in binding activity of luteinizing hormone receptors by site directed mutagenesis of potential glycosylation sites. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 181:804-808
85. Liu X, Davis D, Segaloff DL 1993 Disruption of potential glycosylation sites for N-linked glycosylation does not impair hormone binding to the lutropin/choriogonadotropin (LH/CG) receptor if Asn 173 is left intact. J Biol Chem 268:1513-1516
86. Ascoli M 1985 Regulation of luteinizing hormone receptors and actions. In: Ascoli M (ed) Luteinizing Hormone Action and Receptors. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 199-217
87. Ascoli M 1981 Regulation of gonadotropin receptors and gonadotropin responses in a clonal strain of Leydig tumor cells by epidermal growth factor. J Biol Chem 256:179-183
88. Inoue Y, Rebois RV 1989 Protein kinase C activity can desensitize the gonadotropin-responsive adenylate cyclase in Leydig tumor cells. J Biol Chem 264:8504-8508
89. Rebois RV, Patel J 1985 Phorbol ester causes desensitization of gonadotropin-responsive adenylate cyclase in a murine Leydig tumor cell line. J Biol Chem 260:8026-8031
90. Hafez MM, Ascoli M 1990 Epidermal growth factor desensitizes the gonadotropin-responsive adenylyl cyclase in membranes isolated from MA-10 Leydig tumor cells and luteinized rat ovaries. Endocrinology 127:394-402
91. Sanchez-Yague J, Rodriguez MC, Segaloff DL, Ascoli M 1992 Truncation of the cytoplasmic tail of the lutropin choriogonadotropin receptor prevents agonist-induced uncoupling. J Biol Chem 267:7217-7220
92. Rebois RV, Fishman PH 1986 Gonadotropin-mediated desensitization in a murine Leydig tumor cell line does not alter the regulatory and catalytic components of adenylate cyclase. Endocrinology 118:2340-2348
93. Sanchez-Yague J, Hipkin RW, Ascoli M 1993 Biochemical properties of the agonist-induced desensitization of the follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropinresponsive adenylyl cyclase in cells expressing the recombinant gonadotropin receptors. Endocrinology 132:1007-1016
94. Ezra E, Salomon Y 1981 Mechanism of desensitization of adenylate cyclase by lutropin. Impaired introduction of GTP into the regulatory site. J Biol Chem 256:5377-5382
95. Ekstrom RC, Hunzicker-Dunn M 1989 Guanosine triphosphate fulfills a complete and specific nucleotide requirement for luteinizing hormone-induced desensitization of pig ovarian adenylyl cyclase. Endocrinology 125:2470-2474
96. Lefkowitz RJ, Hausdorff WP, Caron MG 1990 Role of phosphorylation in desensitization of the β-adrenoreceptor. Trends Pharmacol Sci 11:190-194
97. Hausdorff WP, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ 1990 Turning off the signal: desensitization of β-adrenergic receptor function. FASEB J 4:2881-2889
98. Palczewski K, Benovic JL 1991 G-protein-coupled receptor kinases. Trends Biochem Sci 16:387-391
99. Hunzicker-Dunn M, Birnbaumer L 1981 Studies on the mechanism of luteinizing hormone-induced desensitization of rabbit follicular adenylyl cyclase system in vitro. Endocrinology 109: 345-351
100. 2.] Cyclic Nucleotide Protein Phosphor Res 3:69-83
101. Nambi P, Sibley DR, Stadel JM, Michel T, Peters JR, Lefkowitz RJ 1984 Cell-free desensitization of catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase. Agonist and cAMP-promoted alterations in turkey erythrocyte α-adrenergic receptors. J Biol Chem 259:4629-4633
102. Ekstrom RC, Hunzicker-Dunn M 1989 Homologous desensitization of ovarian luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin-responsive adenylyl cyclase is dependent upon GTP. Endocrinology 124:956-963
103. Ezra E, Salomon Y 1980 Mechanism of desensitization of adenylate cyclase by lutropin. GTP-dependent uncoupling of the receptor. J Biol Chem 255:653-658
104. 2-adrenergic receptor delays onset of agonistpromoted desensitization. Nature 333:370-373
105. 2-adrenergic receptor are involved in distinct pathways of receptor desensitization. J Biol Chem 264:12657-12665
106. Ascoli M 1981 Characterization of several clonal lines of cultured Leydig tumor cells: gonadotropin receptors and steroidogenic responses. Endocrinology 108:88-95
107. Rebois RV 1982 Establishment of gonadotropin-responsive murine Leydig tumor cell line. J Cell Biol 94:70-76
108. Ascoli M 1985 Functions and regulation of cell surface receptors in cultured Leydig tumor cells. In: Conn PM (ed) The Receptors. Academic Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 368-400
109. Ascoli M, Segaloff DL 1989 Regulation of the differentiated function of Leydig tumor cells by epidermal growth factor. Ann NY Acad Sci 564:99-115
110. Ascoli M 1982 Internalization and degradation of receptor-bound human choriogonadotropin in Leydig tumor cells. Fate of the hormone subunits. J Biol Chem 257:13306-13311
111. Freeman DA, Ascoli M 1981 Desensitization to gonadotropins in cultured Leydig tumor cells involves loss of gonadotropin receptors and decreased capacity for steroidogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:6309-6313
112. Rebois RV, Fishman PH 1983 Deglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin. An antagonist to desensitization and down-regulation of the gonadotropin receptor-adenylate cyclase system. J Biol Chem 258:12775-12778
113. Rebois RV, Fishman PH 1984 Down-regulation of gonadotropin receptors in a murine Leydig tumor cell line. J Biol Chem 259: 3096-3101
114. Lloyd CE, Ascoli M 1983 On the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the cell surface receptors for human choriogonadotropin and mouse epidermal growth factor in cultured Leydig tumor cells. J Cell Biol 96:521-526
115. Ascoli M 1984 Lysosomal accumulation of the hormone-receptor complex during receptor-mediated endocytosis of human choriogonadotropin. J Cell Biol 99:1242-1250
116. Freeman DA, Ascoli M 1982 Desensitization of steroidogenesis in cultured Leydig tumor cells: role of cholesterol. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:7796-7800
117. Wang H, Segaloff DL, Ascoli M 1991 Lutropin/choriogonadotropin down-regulates its receptor by both receptor mediated endo-cytosis and a cAMP-dependent reduction in receptor mRNA. J Biol Chem 266:780-785
118. Wang H, Ascoli M 1990 Reduced gonadotropin responses in a novel clonal strain of Leydig tumor cells established by transfection of MA-10 cells with a mutant gene of the type I regulatory subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Mol Endocrinol 4:80-90
119. Wang H, Segaloff DL, Ascoli M 1991 Epidermal growth factor and phorbol esters reduce the levels of the cognate mRNA for the LH/CG receptor. Endocrinology 128:2651-2653
120. Nelson S, Ascoli M 1992 Epidermal growth factor, a phorbol ester and cAMP decrease the transcription of the LH/CG receptor gene in MA-10 Leydig tumor cells. Endocrinology 131:615-620
121. Richards JS, Ireland JJ, Rao MC, Bernath GA, Midgley Jr AR 1976 Ovarian follicular development in the rat: hormone receptor regulation by estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Endocrinology 99:1562-1570
122. Richards JS, Kersey KA’ 1989 Changes in theca and granulosa cell function in antral follicles developing during pregnancy in the rat: gonadotropin receptors, cyclic AMP, and estradiol-17β. Biol Reprod 21:1185-1201
123. Uilenbroek JTJ, Richards JS 1979 Ovarian follicular development during the estrous cycle: gonadotropin receptors and follicular responsiveness. Biol Reprod 20:1159-1165
124. Segaloff DL, Limbird LE 1983 Luteinizing hormone receptor appearance in cultured porcine granulosa cells requires continual presence of follicle-stimulating hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:5631-5635
125. Knecht M, Catt KJ 1982 Induction of luteinizing hormone receptors by adenosine 3’, 5’-monophosphate in cultured granulosa cells. Endocrinology 111:1192-1200
126. Nimrod A 1981 The induction of ovarian LH receptors by FSH is mediated by cyclic AMP. FEBS Lett 131:31-33
127. Erickson GF, Wang C, Casper R, Mattson G, Hofeditz C 1982 Studies on the mechanims of LH receptor control by FSH. Mol Cell Endocrinol 27:17-30
128. LaPolt PS, Oikawa M, Xiao-Chi J, Dargar. C, Hsueh AJW 1990 Gonadotropin-induced upand down-regulation of rat ovarian LH receptor message levels during follicular growth, ovulation and luteinization. Endocrinology 126:3277-3279
129. Mondschein JS, Schomberg DW 1981 Growth factors modulate gonadotropin receptor induction in granulosa cell cultures. Science 211:1179-1180
130. Baird A, Hsueh AJW 1986 Fibroblast growth factor as an intraovarian hormone: differential regulation of steroidogenesis by an angiogenic factor. Regul Pept 16:243-250
131. Oury F, Darbon JM 1988 Fibroblast growth factor regulates the expression of luteinizing hormone receptors in cultured rat granulosa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 156:634-643
132. Knecht M, Catt KJ 1983 Epidermal growth factor and gonadotropin-releasing hormone inhibit cyclic AMP-dependent luteinizing hormone receptor formation in ovarian granulosa cells.] Cell Biochem 21:209-217
133. Hsueh AJW, Ling NC 1979 Effect of an antagonist analog of gonadotropin releasing hormone upon ovarian granulosa cell function. Life Sci 25:1223-1230
134. Hsueh AJW, Wang C, Erickson GF 1980 Direct inhibitory effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone upon follicle-stimulating hormone induction of luteinizing hormone receptor and aromatase activity in rat granulosa cell. Endocrinology 106:1697-1705
135. Segaloff DL, May J, Schomberg DW, Limbird LE 1984 A model system for the biochemical study of luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor synthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 804:31-36
136. Hu ZZ, Tsai-Morris CH, Buckzo E, Dufau ML 1990 Hormonal regulation of LH receptor mRNA and expression in the rat ovary. FEBS Lett 274:181-184
137. Holt JA, Richards JS, Midgley Jr AR, Reichert Jr LE 1976 Effect of prolactin on LH receptor in rat luteal cells. Endocrinology 98:1005-1013
138. Richards JS, Williams JJ 1976 Luteal cell receptor content for prolactin (PRL) and luteinizing hormone (LH): regulation by LH and PRL. Endocrinology 99:1571-1581