-
1
-
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84912856046
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Rhythmogenesis of Respiratory Movements
-
of outstanding interest, D. Jordan, Harwood Academic Publishers, Chur, in press, This chapter reviews the mechanisms of rhythm and pattern generation of respiration in adult mammals. It describes the cooperative interaction between synaptic processes and intrinsic membrane properties of medullary respiratory neurons. A comprehensive list of references is provided.
-
(1992)
Central Control of Autonomic Functions.
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Richter1
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3
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0026524447
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Whole Cell Recordings from Respiratory Neurons in the Medulla of Brainstem-Spinal Cord Preparations Isolated from Newborn Rats
-
of outstanding interest, Analysis of spontaneous synaptic activities indicates a three-phasic organization of the respiratory rhythm in the neonate in vitro. Pre-inspiratory and three types of inspiratory neurons have been classified.
-
(1992)
Pfl:lugers Arch
, vol.420
, pp. 399-406
-
-
Onimaru1
Homma2
-
4
-
-
0026306039
-
Respiratory Pattern Generation in Mammals: In Vitro En Bloc Analyses
-
of special interest, This review summarizes recent studies on the isolated medulla of neonatal rats used as a model system for the analysis of respiratory pattern generation. It is hypothesized that a population of cells with voltage-dependent, pacemaker-like properties is the kernel for rhythm generation.
-
(1991)
Curr Opin Neurobiol
, vol.1
, pp. 590-594
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-
Feldman1
Smith2
Liu3
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5
-
-
0025896993
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The Medullary Respiratory Network in Rats
-
of special interest, This paper describes the various types of medullary neurons in the respiratory network of the adult in vivo rat which are, in principle, similar to those of the adult in vivo cat. Unlike those of the cat, rat respiratory neurons seem to receive a high tonic drive, which lets them discharge whenever synaptic inhibition is weakened.
-
(1991)
J Physiol
, vol.435
, pp. 631-644
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-
Schwarzacher1
Wilhelm2
Anders3
Richter4
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6
-
-
0025831669
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Patterns of Membrane Potentials and Distributions of the Medullary Respiratory Neurons in the Decerebrate Rat
-
of special interest, This is a detailed description of spontaneous synaptic activities of various types of respiratory neurons and their localization in the medulla.
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(1991)
Brain Res
, vol.546
, pp. 261-270
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-
Zheng1
Barillot2
Bianchi3
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7
-
-
0025976874
-
Respiratory Neurons in the Medulla of the Rabbit Distribution Discharge Patterns and Spinal Projections
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(1991)
Brain Research
, vol.541
, pp. 281-292
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-
Jiang1
Shen2
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8
-
-
0025085809
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Synaptic Connections between Medullary Respiratory Neurons and Considerations on the Genesis of Respiratory Rhythm
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(1990)
Prog Neurobiol
, vol.35
, pp. 429-450
-
-
Ezure1
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9
-
-
0026095239
-
Synaptic Response of Bulbar Respiratory Neurons to Hypercapnic Stimulation in Peripherally Chemodenervated Cats
-
+ conductances controlled by muscarinic receptors seem to be expressed in respiratory neurons and to mediate the excitatory effect of chemoreceptor afferents.
-
(1991)
Brain Res
, vol.561
, pp. 307-317
-
-
Takeda1
Haji2
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10
-
-
0027086854
-
Evidence that Glycine and GABA Mediate Postsynaptic Inhibition of Bulbar Respiratory Neurons in the Cat
-
of special interest, in press, Iontophoretic application of bicucculine/strychnine on inspiratory and postinspiratory neurons antagonizes GABA/glycine-mediated membrane hyperpolarizations.
-
(1992)
J Appl Physiol (1985)
-
-
Haji1
Takeda2
Remmers3
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12
-
-
0026793225
-
A Network Model of Respiratory Rhythmogenesis
-
of special interest, This is a description of a mathematical model of a respiratory network based on physiological data. It shows that rhythmogenesis of a three-phased respiratory rhythm can be obtained when the network is driven from extrinsic sources. It also describes various disturbances of network activity when specific neurons are activated.
-
(1992)
Am J Physiol
, vol.263
, pp. 962-975
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-
Ogilvie1
Gotpschalk2
Anders3
Richter4
Pack5
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13
-
-
0025804751
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Inhibition of Caudal Medullary Expiratory Neurones by Retrofacial Inspiratory Neurones in the Cat
-
of special interest, Spike triggered averaging proves that expiratory neurons receive synaptic inhibition during the late-inspiratory and the postinspiratory periods, in addition to early-inspiratory inhibition.
-
(1991)
J Physiol
, vol.437
, pp. 1-25
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-
Anders1
Ballantyne2
Bischoff3
Lalley4
Richter5
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14
-
-
0026496237
-
Excitation of Inspiratory Neurons by Pre-Inspiratory Neurons in Rat Medulla In Vitro
-
of special interest, in press, Pre-inspiratory neurons activate inspiratory neurons presumably via monosynaptic connections. The authors conclude that this initiates inspiratory burst activity.
-
(1992)
Brain Res Bull
-
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Onimaru1
Homma2
Iwazuki3
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15
-
-
0026633485
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Synaptic Interaction Between Medullary Respiratory Neurones During Apneusis Induced by NMDA-Receptor Blockade in Cat
-
of special interest, Synaptic activities of postinspiratory and expiratory neurons, as well as the inspiration inhibitory effect of vagal and superior laryngeal inputs to the medullary network, remain undisturbed by MK801 blockade of NMDA receptors in the intact cat.
-
(1992)
J Physiol
, vol.450
, pp. 303-323
-
-
Feldman1
Windhorst2
Anders3
Richter4
-
16
-
-
0025828894
-
Endogenous Activation of NMDA and Non-NMDA Glutamate Receptors on Respiratory Neurones in Cat Medulla
-
of special interest, Iontophoretic application of glutamate receptor antagonists reveals NMDA- and non-NMDA-dependent components of ongoing synaptic activity in several types of medullary respiratory neurons.
-
(1991)
Neuropharmacology
, vol.30
, pp. 429-440
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-
Pierrefiche1
Schmid2
Foutz3
Denavit-Saubie4
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18
-
-
0026050271
-
Efferent Projections of Pulmonary Rapidly Adapting Receptor Relay Neurons in the Cat
-
of special interest, This article reveals a pontine projection of second order neurons located in the nuclei of the solitary tract, which receive primary afferent input from rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors.
-
(1991)
Brain Res
, vol.564
, pp. 268-278
-
-
Ezure1
Otake2
Lipski3
Wong-She4
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21
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-
0026569252
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Glutamate Release and Presynaptic Action of AP4 During Inspiratory Drive to Phrenic Motoneurons
-
of special interest, This is an analysis of the glutaminergic transmission of the central respiratory drive to spinal motor neurons.
-
(1992)
Brain Res
, vol.576
, pp. 355-357
-
-
Greer1
Smith2
Feldman3
-
22
-
-
0025614450
-
Inhibitory Synaptic Inputs to the Respiratory Rhythm Generator in the Medulla Isolated from Newborn Rats
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(1990)
Pflügers Arch
, vol.417
, pp. 425-432
-
-
Onimaru1
Arata2
Homma3
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23
-
-
0003126230
-
On the Existence of a Common Cardiorespiratory Network
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H.P. Koepchen, T. Huopaniemi, Springer, München, of special interest, This overview summarizes data indicating that there is a common central control of respiratory and cardiovascular functions. The paper also describes non-respiratory rhythmic oscillatory behaviour of the laryngeal system, which is more resistant to reflex disturbances than rhythmic phrenic activity.
-
(1991)
Cardiorespiratory and Motor Coordination
, pp. 118-130
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-
Richter1
Spyer2
Gilbey3
Lawson4
Bainton5
Wilhelm6
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25
-
-
0002591282
-
Finding a Respiratory Function for the Medullary Respiratory Neurons
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R. Bellairs, E.G. Gray, Clarendon Press, Oxford
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(1974)
Essays on the Nervous System
, pp. 451-486
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Merrill1
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27
-
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0025145744
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Neural Network Implementation of the Three-Phase Model of Respiratory Rhythm Generation
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(1990)
Biol Cybern
, vol.63
, pp. 143-153
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-
Botros1
Bruce2
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28
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0025882323
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Synaptic Events in Ventral Respiratory Neurones During Apnoea Induced by Laryngeal Nerve Stimulation in Neonatal Pig
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(1991)
J Physiol
, vol.436
, pp. 131-147
-
-
Czyzyk-Krzeska1
Lawson2
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30
-
-
0025952087
-
Response of the Medullary Respiratory Network of the Cat to Hypoxia
-
of special interest, This paper describes the cellular mechanisms that lead to the biphasic hypoxic response of the medullary respiratory network in the arterial chemoreceptor intact and denervated in vivo cat. It focuses on the secondary hypoxic depression and on the mechanisms of hypoxia-induced blockade of postsynaptic activity. Hypoxic apnea starts when synaptic inhibition of neurons is blocked.
-
(1991)
J Physiol
, vol.443
, pp. 231-256
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-
Richter1
Bischoff2
Anders3
Belligham4
Windhorst5
-
31
-
-
0026056583
-
Noradrenergic Modulation of the Medullary Respiratory Rhythm Generator in the Newborn Rat: an In Vitro Study
-
of special interest, In the isolated brainstem spinal cord preparation of the neonatal rat, noradrenaline applied to the pons results in an increase of respiratory frequency, whereas application to the medulla leads to a decrease. The differences between the effects of noradrenaline and α2-agonists indicate that adrenoceptors might be functionally immature at birth.
-
(1991)
J Physiol
, vol.443
, pp. 477-498
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-
Errchidi1
Monteau2
Hilaire3
-
32
-
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0026360052
-
Pre-Bötzinger Complex: a Brainstem Region that may Generate Respiratory Rhythm in Mammals
-
of outstanding interest, A functionally intact pan of the respiratory network was isolated in a brainstem slice containing the ‘pre-Bötzinger complex’. Some neurons in this area appear to have endogenous bursting capacities. These cells might represent the kernel of the rhythm generating network. It is speculated that postnatal developmental changes of rhythm generating mechanisms result in a hybrid of network and pacemaker properties.
-
(1991)
Science
, vol.254
, pp. 726-729
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-
Smith1
Ellenberger2
Ballanyi3
Richter4
Feldman5
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33
-
-
0020335139
-
Central Chemosensitive and the Reaction Theory
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(1982)
J Physiol
, vol.332
, pp. 1-24
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-
Loeschkf1
-
36
-
-
0026079521
-
Electrophysiological Properties of Neurons Within the Nucleus Ambiguus of Adult Guinea Pigs
-
of special interest, This is a description of several intrinsic membrane properties of nonidentified neurons in the ventrolateral reticular formation. Neurons show either postinhibitory rebound mediated by a Q-current or delayed excitation due to an A-current. The data are correlated with the morphology of these neurons. There were no burster pacemaker neurons found in the ventral respiratory area.
-
(1991)
J Neurophysiol
, vol.66
, pp. 744-761
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-
Johnson1
Getting2
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37
-
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0026344940
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Activation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Induces Endogenous Rhythmic Bursting Activities in Nucleus Tractus Solitarii Neurons: an Intracellular Study on Adult Rat Brainstem Slices
-
of special interest, Two sorts of endogenous oscillatory behaviour are described for neurons of the solitary complex. In the presence of NMDA, some neurons oscillate at increasing frequency when they are hyperpolarized and other neurons oscillate at increasing frequency when they are depolarized.
-
(1991)
Eur J Neurosci
, vol.3
, pp. 1353-1365
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-
Tell1
Jean2
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39
-
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84912891625
-
Microenvironment of Respiratory Neurons in the In Vitro Brainstem Spinal Cord of Neonatal Rats
-
of outstanding interest, in press, This study analyzes the metabolic state of the in vitro neonatal respiratory network and shows that the respiratory neurons are under aerobic conditions. The experimentally-induced response to hypoxia is biphasic and similar to the reaction observed in vivo.
-
(1992)
J Physiol
-
-
Brockhaus1
Ballanyi2
Smith3
Richter4
-
40
-
-
0026693150
-
The Role of Inhibitory Amino Acids in Control of Respiratory Motor Output in an Arterially Perfused Rat
-
−-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials produces a complete, but reversible arrest of respiratory activity.
-
(1992)
Resp Physiol
, vol.89
, pp. 47-63
-
-
Hayashi1
Lipski2
-
43
-
-
0024342698
-
Firing Properties of Respiratory Rhythm Generating Neurons in the Absence of Synaptic Transmission in Rat Medulla In Vitro
-
(1989)
Exp Brain Res
, vol.76
, pp. 530-536
-
-
Onimaru1
Arata2
Homma3
-
44
-
-
0026577766
-
Interaction Between Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) and NMDA-Receptor-Mediated Responses in Hypoglossal Motoneurones
-
of special interest, Thyrotropin-releasing hormone exerts a potentiating action on NMDAreceptor-mediated activation of hypoglossal motor neurons and provokes plateau potentials.
-
(1992)
Brain Res
, vol.578
, pp. 289-296
-
-
Rekling1
-
45
-
-
0025114016
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Neural Mechanisms Generating Respiratory Pattern in Mammalian Brain Stem-Spinal Cord In Vitro. I. Spatiotemporal Patterns of Motor and Medullary Neuron Activity
-
(1990)
J Neurophysiol
, vol.64
, pp. 1149-1169
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-
Smith1
Greer2
Liu3
Feldman4
-
46
-
-
0014516210
-
Discharge Patterns of Brain-Stem Respiratory Neurons During Hering-Breuer Reflex Evoked by Lung Inflation
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(1969)
J Neurophysiol
, vol.32
, pp. 356-374
-
-
Cohen1
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