Liquid Crystal-Based Optical Control of Phased Array Antennas

Journal of Lightwave Technology

Volumn 10, Issue 12, 1992, Pages 1974-1984

  Riza, Nabeel A ^a  

^a GE GLOBAL RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MULTIPLEXING; NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS; OPTICAL SYSTEMS; RADAR; SCANNING ANTENNAS;

ANTENNA CONTROL; OPTICAL CONTROL; PHASE-BASED ANTENNA CONTROL; RADAR BEAMS SCANNING;

ANTENNA PHASED ARRAYS;

EID: 0026998929     PISSN: 07338724     EISSN: 15582213     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/50.202805     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. G. A. Koepf, “Optical processor for phased array antenna beam forming,” in Optical Technol. for Microwave, S. K. Yao, Ed., Proc. Soc. Photo.-Opt. Instrum. Eng. 477, pp. 75–81, 1984.
2. M. Tamburrini, M. Parent, L. Goldberg, and D. Stillwell, “Optical feed for a microwave phased array antenna,” Electron. Lett., vol. 23, pp. 680–681, 1987.
3. N. A. Riza and D. Psaltis, “An acousto-optic technique for beam scanning and beam formation in phased array radars,” in Annual Meet. Tech. Dig., vol. 11, OSA (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C.) Technical Digest Series, pp. 142–143, 1988.
4. N. A. Riza, “Novel acousto-optic systems for spectrum analysis and phased array radar signal processing,” ch. 6, Ph.D. dissertation, (California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA., 1989)
5. N. A. Riza and D. Psaltis, “Acousto-optic signal processors for transmission and reception of phased array antenna signals,” Appl. Opt., vol. 30, no. 23, 3294–3303, 1991.
6. N. A. Riza, “Acousto-optic architectures for multi-dimensional phased array antenna processing,” in Proc. SPIE Conf. Opt. Technol. Microwave Appl., vol. 1476, pp. 144—156, 1991.
7. N. A. Riza, “Acousto-optic techniques for phased array antenna processing,” in Proc. SPIE Conf. Emerging Optoelec. Tech., vol. 1622, pp. 164–167, 192.
8. N. A. Riza, “An acousto-optic phased array antenna beamformer with independent phase and carrier control using single sideband signals,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 177–179, Feb. 1992.
9. N. A. Riza, “High speed two dimensional phased array antenna scanning using acousto-optics,” in Proc. SPIE Conf. Microwave and Phased Array Antenna Processing, vol. 1703, pp. 460–468, Apr. 1992.
10. N. A. Riza, “Acousto-optic architecture for two dimensional beam scanning in phased array antennas,” J. Appl. Opt., vol. 31, pp. 3278–3284, 1992.
11. L. P. Anderson, F. Boldissar, and D. C. D. Chang, “Antenna beamforming using optical processing,” in Optoelectron. Signal Processing for Phased Array Antennas, K. B. Bhasin and B. M. Hendrickson, Eds., Proc. Soc. Photo.-Opt. Instrum. Eng., vol. 886, pp. 228–232, 1988.
12. K. A. Nickerson, P. E. Jessop, and S. Haykin, “Optical processor for array antenna beam shaping and steering,” Optical Eng., vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 1497–1502, 1991.
13. E. N. Toughlian, H. Zmuda, and P. Korneich, “A deformable mirror-based optical beamforming system for phased array antennas,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 444–446, 1990.
14. J. J. Pan, “Fiber optics for wideband extra high frequency (EHF) phased arrays,” in Optoelectron. Signal Processing for Phased Array Antennas, K. B. Bhasin and B. M. Hendrickson, Eds., Proc. Soc, Photo.-Opt. Instrum. Eng. 886, pp. 60–70, 1988.
15. W. Ng, A. Walston, G. Tangonan, I. Newberg, and J. J. Lee, “Wideband fiber-optic delay network for phased array antenna steering,” Electron. Lett., vol. 25, no. 21, pp. 1456–1457, 1989.
16. N. A. Riza, “A transmit/receive time delay beamforming optical architecture for phased array antennas,” Appl. Opt., vol. 30, no. 32, pp. 4594–4596, 1991.
17. O. M. Bucci, G. Mazzarella, and G. Panariello, “Reconfigurable arrays by phase-only control,” IEEE Trans, on Ant. and Prop., vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 919–925, July 1991.
18. T. C. Cheston and J. Frank, “Phased array radar antennas,” in Radar Handbook, 2nd ed., M. I. Skolnik, Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990, ch. 7.
19. J. A. Neff, R. A. Athale, and S. H. Lee, “Two-dimensional spatial light modulators: A Tutorial,” Proc. of the IEEE, vol. 78, no. 5, pp. 826–855, May 1990.
20. R. A. Soref and M. J. Rafuse, “Electrically controlled birefringence of thin nematic films,” J. Appl. phys., vol. 43, p. 2029, 1972.
21. P. G. de Gennes, The Physics of Liquid Crystals. Oxford U.P., 1974.
22. S. T. Wu, “Nematic liquid crystal modulator with response time less than 100 μsec at room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 57, no. 10, 1990.
23. The GE 6.25 in. × 6.25in., color, activematrix, 512 × 512 pixel NLC display used in the Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) Cockpit Displays.
24. D. E. Castleberry and G. E. Possin, “A 1 Mega-pixel color a-Si TFT liquid crystal display,” Society for Information Display Conf. Proc., 1988.
25. Contrast > 500: 1 for the Commercial Hitachi 10 inch diagonal, color, active matrix NLC display.
26. Crystal Technology Acousto-optic and Electrooptic Products Mini Catalog, Models 43 000S-LN, 41 000L-LN and 4050-3A/B (Palo Alto, CA.), 1989.
27. G. J. Simonis and K. J. Purchase, “Optical generation, distribution, and control of microwaves using laser heterodyne,” IEEE Trans, of Microwave Theory and Tech., vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 667–669, May 1990.
28. T. Day, E. K. Gustafson, and R. L. Byer, “Active frequency stabilization of a 1.062 mm, Nd : GGG, diode laser pumped nonplanar ring oscillator to less than 3 Hz of relative linewidth,” Opt. Lett., vol. 15, no. 4, 221–223, Feb. 1990.
29. Brimrose Corp. AOD Catalog, 1990, Baltimore, MD.
30. M. I. Skolnik, “An introduction to radar,” in Radar Handbook, 2nd ed., M. I. Skolnik, Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990, ch. 1.
31. M. I. Skolnik, Introduction to Radar Systems, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1985.
32. J. Adam, “Pinning defense hopes on AEGIS,” IEEE Spec., pp. 24–27, June 1988.
33. K. Y. Lau, “Efficient Narrow-Band direct modulation of semiconductor injection lasers at mm wave frequencies of 100 GHz and beyond,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 52, no. 26, 1988.
34. M. J. Schindler and A. Morris, “DC-40 GHz and 20-40 GHz MMIC SPDT Switches,” IEEE Trans. MTT, vol. 35, no. 12, Dec. 1987
35. N. A. Riza, “Experimental demonstration of an acouto-optic system for two-dimensional phased-array antenna scanning,” to appear in Appl. Opt., vol. 32, Oct. 1993.
36. N. A. Riza, “A compact high performance optical control system for phased array radars,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 4, pp. 1072–1075, 1992.
37. N. A. Riza, “Phased array antenna control using liquid crystal,” in Analog Photonics, A. R. Pirich and P. Sierak, Eds., SPIE Conf. Proc. 1790, no. 8, Sept. 1992.
38. N. A. Riza, “A compact phased array antenna controller for air traffic radars,” in Lasers and Electro-Opt. Soc. Annual Meet. Proc. IEEE, pp. 386–387, Nov. 1992.
39. N. A. Riza, “Optically controlled phased arrays” in Office of Naval Research Workshop Dig. Optoelectron., pp. 24–25, Nov. 1992.