Theoretical Approach to The Humping Phenomenon in Welding Processes

Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics

Volumn 25, Issue 11, 1992, Pages 1640-1647

  Gratzke, U ^a,b   Kapadia, P D ^a   Dowden, J ^a   Kroos, J ^b   Simon, G ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX   (United Kingdom)

^b TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF BRAUNSCHWEIG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HUMPING; MARANGONI CONVECTION; RAYLEIGH'S THEORY; WELD POOL;

DEFECTS; HEAT CONDUCTION; LASER BEAM WELDING; MATHEMATICAL MODELS;

ELECTRIC ARC WELDING;

EID: 0026946152     PISSN: 00223727     EISSN: 13616463     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/25/11/012     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Albright C E and Chiang S 1988 High-speed laser welding discontinuities J. Laser Appl. 18-24
2. Beck M, Berger P, Dausinger F and Hügel H 1991a Aspects of keyhole/melt interaction in high speed laser welding Proc. 8th Int. Symp. on Gas Flow and Chemical Lasers CGL
3. Beck M, Berger P, Nagendra P and Dantzig J A 1991b Aspekte der Schmelzbaddynamik beim Laserschweißen mit hoher Bearbeitungsgeschwindigkeit Laser ’91, München
4. Bradstreet B J 1968 Effect of surface tension and metal flow on weld bead formation Welding J. 47 314-22s
5. Carslaw H S and Jaeger J C 1959 Conduction of Heat in Solids (Oxford: Clarendon)
6. Chandrasekhar S 1961 Hydrodynamic and Hydromagnetic Stability (Oxford: Clarendon)
7. Gratzke U, Kapadia P D and Dowden J 1991 Heat conduction in high speed laser welding J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 24 2125-34
8. 2 laser Conf. LAMP’87, Osaka pp 157-62
9. Ishizaki K, Yokoya S and Okada T 1988 Weldability of stainless steel Report of Nippon Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan to VAMAS meeting on Technical Working Area `Weld characteristics’, NPL, Teddington, UK
10. Kroos J, Gratzke U and Simon G 1992 Collapse time of the keyhole in laser welding J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. submitted
11. Landau L D and Lifshitz E M 1975 Fluid Mechanics (Oxford: Pergamon) p 6
12. Levich V G and Krylov V S 1969 Surface-tension-driven phenomena Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 1 293-316
13. Lin M L and Eagar T W 1984 Influence of surface depression and convection on arc weld pool geometry Transport Phenomena in Materials Processing ed M M Chen et al (New York: American Society of Mechanical Engineers)
14. Mansour N N and Lundgren T S 1990 Satellite formation in capillary jet breakup Phys. Fluids A 2 1141-4
15. Mills K C and Keene B J 1990 Factors affecting variable weld penetration Int. Mater. Rev. 35 185-216
16. Postacioglu N, Kapadia P and Dowden J 1991 A theoretical model of thermocapillary flows in laser welding J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 24 15-24
17. Rayleigh Lord 1896 Theory of Sound (London: Macmillan reprinted 1945 New York: Dover) vol 2, 2nd edn pp 351-62
18. Savage W F, Nippes E F and Agusa K 1979 Effect of arc force on defect formation in GTA welding Welding J. 58 212-24s
19. Schäfer K and Lax E (eds) Landolt-Börnstein Zahlenwerte und Funktionen 1956 Group II vol 3 (Berlin Springer)
20. Scotti A, Larsen U and Norrish J 1991 Bead instability of mechanized P-MIG welding in vertical-up position Proc. Int. Conf. Joining of Materials JOM-5, Denmark pp 127-34
21. Sen A K and Davis S H 1982 Steady thermocapillary flows in two-dimensional itots J. Fluid Mech. 121 163-86
22. Tomie M, Abe N and Arata Y 1989 Tandem electron beam welding (Report IX) Trans. JWRI 18 175-80
23. Tsai M C and Kou S 1989 Marangoni-Convection in Weld Pools with a free Surface Int. J. Num. Methods Fluids 9 1503-16
24. Tsukamoto S, Irie H, Inagaki M and Hashimoto T 1983 Effect of focal position on humping bead formation in electron beam welding Trans. Ntl Inst. Met. 25 62-7