메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 90, Issue 2, 1992, Pages 412-420

Evaluation in volunteers of a candidate live oral attenuated Salmonella typhi vector vaccine

Author keywords

Auxotroph; Macrophage; Salmonella; Typhoid; U937 monocytes

Indexed keywords

BACTERIUM LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; TYPHOID VACCINE;

EID: 0026775501     PISSN: 00219738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1172/JCI115876     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (81)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 85033629772 scopus 로고
    • Prospects for immunizing against Salmonella typhi
    • National Academy Press, Washington, DC. Appendix D-14
    • Institute of Medicine. 1986. Prospects for immunizing against Salmonella typhi. In New Vaccine Development: Establishing Priorities. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. Appendix D-14, 1-10.
    • (1986) New Vaccine Development: Establishing Priorities , pp. 1-10
  • 4
    • 0023113672 scopus 로고
    • Safety, infectivity, immunogenicity, and in vivo stability of two attenuated auxotrophic mutant strains of Salmonella typhi, 541Ty and 543Ty, as live oral vaccines in humans
    • Levine, M. M., D. Herrington, J. R. Murphy, J. G. Morris, G. Losonsky, B. Tall, A. A. Lindberg, S. Svenson, S. Baquar, M. F. Edwards et al. 1987. Safety, infectivity, immunogenicity, and in vivo stability of two attenuated auxotrophic mutant strains of Salmonella typhi, 541Ty and 543Ty, as live oral vaccines in humans. J. Clin. Invest. 79:888-902.
    • (1987) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.79 , pp. 888-902
    • Levine, M.M.1    Herrington, D.2    Murphy, J.R.3    Morris, J.G.4    Losonsky, G.5    Tall, B.6    Lindberg, A.A.7    Svenson, S.8    Baquar, S.9    Edwards, M.F.10
  • 5
    • 0004155654 scopus 로고
    • Vaccines to prevent typhoid fever
    • G. Woodrow and M. M. Levine, editors. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.
    • Levine, M. M., D. M. Hone, B. A. D. Stocker, and M. Cadoz. 1990. Vaccines to prevent typhoid fever. In New Generation Vaccines. G. Woodrow and M. M. Levine, editors. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. 269-287.
    • (1990) New Generation Vaccines , pp. 269-287
    • Levine, M.M.1    Hone, D.M.2    Stocker, B.A.D.3    Cadoz, M.4
  • 6
    • 0019819989 scopus 로고
    • Construction of a potential bivalent vaccine strain: Introduction of Shigella sonnei form I antigen genes into the galE Salmonella typhi Ty21a vaccine strain
    • Formal, S. B., L. S. Baron, D. J. Kopecko, O. Washington, C. Powell, and C. A. Life. 1981. Construction of a potential bivalent vaccine strain: introduction of Shigella sonnei form I antigen genes into the galE Salmonella typhi Ty21a vaccine strain. Infect. Immun. 34:746-750.
    • (1981) Infect. Immun. , vol.34 , pp. 746-750
    • Formal, S.B.1    Baron, L.S.2    Kopecko, D.J.3    Washington, O.4    Powell, C.5    Life, C.A.6
  • 7
    • 0021679489 scopus 로고
    • Construction of a potential live oral bivalent vaccine for typhoid fever and cholera- Escherichia coli-related diarrheas
    • Clements, J. D., and S. El-Morshidy. 1984. Construction of a potential live oral bivalent vaccine for typhoid fever and cholera- Escherichia coli-related diarrheas. Infect. Immun. 46:564-569.
    • (1984) Infect. Immun. , vol.46 , pp. 564-569
    • Clements, J.D.1    El-Morshidy, S.2
  • 9
    • 0040883218 scopus 로고
    • Expression of immunogenic epitopes of hepatitis B surface antigen with hybrid flagellin proteins by a vaccine strain of Salmonella
    • Wu, J. Y., S. Newton, A. Judd, B. Stocker, and W. S. Robinson. 1989. Expression of immunogenic epitopes of hepatitis B surface antigen with hybrid flagellin proteins by a vaccine strain of Salmonella. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86:4726-4730.
    • (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.86 , pp. 4726-4730
    • Wu, J.Y.1    Newton, S.2    Judd, A.3    Stocker, B.4    Robinson, W.S.5
  • 10
    • 78651013421 scopus 로고
    • The effects of biochemical mutation on the virulence of Bacterium typhosum: The virulence of mutants
    • Bacon, G. A., T. W. Burrows, and M. Yates. 1950. The effects of biochemical mutation on the virulence of Bacterium typhosum: the virulence of mutants. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 31:714-724.
    • (1950) Br. J. Exp. Pathol. , vol.31 , pp. 714-724
    • Bacon, G.A.1    Burrows, T.W.2    Yates, M.3
  • 11
    • 0019407618 scopus 로고
    • Aromatic-dependent Salmonella typhimurium are non-virulent and effective as live vaccines
    • Hoiseth, S. K., and B. A. D. Stocker. 1981. Aromatic-dependent Salmonella typhimurium are non-virulent and effective as live vaccines. Nature (Lond). 291:238-239.
    • (1981) Nature (Lond) , vol.291 , pp. 238-239
    • Hoiseth, S.K.1    Stocker, B.A.D.2
  • 12
    • 0023790392 scopus 로고
    • Construction of delaroA his delpur strains of Salmonella typhi
    • Edwards, M. F., and B. A. D. Stocker. 1988. Construction of delaroA his delpur strains of Salmonella typhi. J. Bacteriol. 170:3991-3995.
    • (1988) J. Bacteriol. , vol.170 , pp. 3991-3995
    • Edwards, M.F.1    Stocker, B.A.D.2
  • 13
    • 0023873255 scopus 로고
    • Auxotrophic Salmonella typhi as live vaccine
    • Stocker, B. A. D. 1988. Auxotrophic Salmonella typhi as live vaccine. Vaccine. 6:141-145.
    • (1988) Vaccine , vol.6 , pp. 141-145
    • Stocker, B.A.D.1
  • 14
    • 0021280916 scopus 로고
    • Cellular immunity induced by avirulent Salmonella in LPS-defective C3H/HeJ mice
    • Eisenstein, T. K., L. M. Killar, B. A. D. Stocker, and B. M. Sultzer. 1984. Cellular immunity induced by avirulent Salmonella in LPS-defective C3H/HeJ mice. J. Immunol. 133:958-961.
    • (1984) J. Immunol. , vol.133 , pp. 958-961
    • Eisenstein, T.K.1    Killar, L.M.2    Stocker, B.A.D.3    Sultzer, B.M.4
  • 15
    • 0023853960 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of aromatic- And purine-dependent Salmonella typhimurium: Attenuation, persistence, and ability to induce protective immunity in Balb/ c mice
    • O'Callaghan, D., D. Maskell, F. Y. Liew, C. S. F. Easmon, and G. Dougan. 1988. Characterization of aromatic- and purine-dependent Salmonella typhimurium: attenuation, persistence, and ability to induce protective immunity in Balb/ c mice. Infect. Immun. 56:419-423.
    • (1988) Infect. Immun. , vol.56 , pp. 419-423
    • O'Callaghan, D.1    Maskell, D.2    Liew, F.Y.3    Easmon, C.S.F.4    Dougan, G.5
  • 16
    • 0021490287 scopus 로고
    • Vaccination of calves against Salmonella dublin with aromatic-dependent Salmonella typhimurium
    • Smith, B. P., M. Reina-Guerra, B. A. D. Stocker, S. K. Hoiseth, and E. H. Johnson. 1984. Vaccination of calves against Salmonella dublin with aromatic-dependent Salmonella typhimurium. Am. J. Vet. Res. 45:1858-1861.
    • (1984) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.45 , pp. 1858-1861
    • Smith, B.P.1    Reina-Guerra, M.2    Stocker, B.A.D.3    Hoiseth, S.K.4    Johnson, E.H.5
  • 18
    • 0024356474 scopus 로고
    • Effect of a purA mutation on efficacy of Salmonella live-vaccine vectors
    • Sigwart, D. F., B. A. D. Stocker, and J. D. Clements. 1989. Effect of a purA mutation on efficacy of Salmonella live-vaccine vectors. Infect. Immun. 57:1858-1861.
    • (1989) Infect. Immun. , vol.57 , pp. 1858-1861
    • Sigwart, D.F.1    Stocker, B.A.D.2    Clements, J.D.3
  • 19
    • 0002358615 scopus 로고
    • Linkage map of Salmonella typhimurium
    • F. Neidhardt, J. L. Ingraham, K. B. Low, B. Magasanik, M. Schaechter, and H. E. Umbarger, editors. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.
    • Sanderson, K. E., and J. A. Hurley. 1984. Linkage map of Salmonella typhimurium. In Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Cellular and Molecular Biology. F. Neidhardt, J. L. Ingraham, K. B. Low, B. Magasanik, M. Schaechter, and H. E. Umbarger, editors. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC. 877-918.
    • (1984) Escherichia Coli and Salmonella Typhimurium. Cellular and Molecular Biology , pp. 877-918
    • Sanderson, K.E.1    Hurley, J.A.2
  • 20
    • 0024232212 scopus 로고
    • Construction and characterization of vaccine strains of Salmonella harboring mutations in two different aro genes
    • Dougan, G., S. Chatfield, D. Pickard, J. Bester, D. O'Callaghan, and D. Maskell. 1988. Construction and characterization of vaccine strains of Salmonella harboring mutations in two different aro genes. J. Infect. Dis. 158:1329-1335.
    • (1988) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.158 , pp. 1329-1335
    • Dougan, G.1    Chatfield, S.2    Pickard, D.3    Bester, J.4    O'Callaghan, D.5    Maskell, D.6
  • 21
    • 0024590636 scopus 로고
    • Bacteriophage P22 as a vehicle for transducing cosmid gene banks between smooth strains of Salmonella typhimurium: Use in identifying a role for aroD in attenuating virulent Salmonella strains
    • Miller, I. A., S. Chatfield, G. Dougan, L. De Silva, H. S. Joysey, and C. E. Hormaeche. 1989. Bacteriophage P22 as a vehicle for transducing cosmid gene banks between smooth strains of Salmonella typhimurium: use in identifying a role for aroD in attenuating virulent Salmonella strains. Mol. Gen. Genet. 215:312-316.
    • (1989) Mol. Gen. Genet. , vol.215 , pp. 312-316
    • Miller, I.A.1    Chatfield, S.2    Dougan, G.3    De Silva, L.4    Joysey, H.S.5    Hormaeche, C.E.6
  • 22
    • 0026042415 scopus 로고
    • Construction of genetically defined double aro mutants of Salmonella typhi
    • Hone, D. M., A. M. Harris, S. Chatfield, G. Dougan, and M. M. Levine. 1991. Construction of genetically defined double aro mutants of Salmonella typhi. Vaccine. 9:810-816.
    • (1991) Vaccine , vol.9 , pp. 810-816
    • Hone, D.M.1    Harris, A.M.2    Chatfield, S.3    Dougan, G.4    Levine, M.M.5
  • 23
    • 0017155490 scopus 로고
    • Establishment and characterization of a human histiocytic lymphoma cell line (U937)
    • Sundstrom, C., and K. Nilsson. 1976. Establishment and characterization of a human histiocytic lymphoma cell line (U937). Int. J. Cancer. 17:565-577.
    • (1976) Int. J. Cancer , vol.17 , pp. 565-577
    • Sundstrom, C.1    Nilsson, K.2
  • 24
    • 0024593717 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular survival of wild-type Salmonella typhimurium and macrophage-sensitive mutants in diverse populations of macrophages
    • Buchmeier, N. A., and F. Heffron. 1989. Intracellular survival of wild-type Salmonella typhimurium and macrophage-sensitive mutants in diverse populations of macrophages. Infect. Immun. 57:1-7.
    • (1989) Infect. Immun. , vol.57 , pp. 1-7
    • Buchmeier, N.A.1    Heffron, F.2
  • 25
    • 0025328103 scopus 로고
    • Specific immunoglobulin A-secreting cells in peripheral blood of humans following oral immunization with a bivalent Salmonella typhi-Shigella sonnei vaccine or infection by pathogenic S. sonnei
    • Van De Verg, L., D. A. Herrington, J. R. Murphy, S. S. Wasserman, S. B. Formal, and M. M. Levine. 1990. Specific immunoglobulin A-secreting cells in peripheral blood of humans following oral immunization with a bivalent Salmonella typhi-Shigella sonnei vaccine or infection by pathogenic S. sonnei. Infect. Immun. 58:2002-2004.
    • (1990) Infect. Immun. , vol.58 , pp. 2002-2004
    • Van De Verg, L.1    Herrington, D.A.2    Murphy, J.R.3    Wasserman, S.S.4    Formal, S.B.5    Levine, M.M.6
  • 26
    • 0015405174 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of Vi antigen and a simple method for its measurement
    • Wong, K. H., and J. C. Feeley. 1972. Isolation of Vi antigen and a simple method for its measurement. Appl. Microbiol. 24:628-633.
    • (1972) Appl. Microbiol. , vol.24 , pp. 628-633
    • Wong, K.H.1    Feeley, J.C.2
  • 27
    • 0020583023 scopus 로고
    • Excretion of flagellin by a short-flagella mutant of Salmonella typhimurium
    • Ikeda, T., R. Kamiya, and S. Yamaguchi. 1983. Excretion of flagellin by a short-flagella mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 153:506-510.
    • (1983) J. Bacteriol. , vol.153 , pp. 506-510
    • Ikeda, T.1    Kamiya, R.2    Yamaguchi, S.3
  • 29
    • 0017261919 scopus 로고
    • Attenuated, streptomycin-dependent Salmonella typhi oral vaccine: Potential deleterious effects of lyophilization
    • Levine, M. M., H. L. DuPont, R. B. Hornick, M. J. Snyder, W. Woodward, R. H. Gilman, and J. P. Libonati. 1976. Attenuated, streptomycin-dependent Salmonella typhi oral vaccine: potential deleterious effects of lyophilization J. Infect. Dis. 133:424-429.
    • (1976) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.133 , pp. 424-429
    • Levine, M.M.1    DuPont, H.L.2    Hornick, R.B.3    Snyder, M.J.4    Woodward, W.5    Gilman, R.H.6    Libonati, J.P.7
  • 33
    • 0025290197 scopus 로고
    • In vitro characterization of Salmonella typhi mutant strains for live oral vaccines
    • Dragunsky, E. M., E. Rivera, H. D. Hochstein, and I. S. Levenbook. 1990. In vitro characterization of Salmonella typhi mutant strains for live oral vaccines. Vaccine. 8:263-268.
    • (1990) Vaccine , vol.8 , pp. 263-268
    • Dragunsky, E.M.1    Rivera, E.2    Hochstein, H.D.3    Levenbook, I.S.4
  • 34
    • 0022568065 scopus 로고
    • Genetic determinants of bacterial virulence, with special reference to Salmonella
    • Stocker, B. A. D., and H. Makela. 1986. Genetic determinants of bacterial virulence, with special reference to Salmonella. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 124:149-172.
    • (1986) Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. , vol.124 , pp. 149-172
    • Stocker, B.A.D.1    Makela, H.2
  • 36
    • 85033624852 scopus 로고
    • PhD. Thesis. Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
    • Hoiseth, S. 1983. PhD. Thesis. Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.
    • (1983)
    • Hoiseth, S.1
  • 37
    • 0022358804 scopus 로고
    • The inability of Salmonella typhimurium to produce siderophore enterobactin is not a virulence factor in mouse typhoid
    • Benjamin, W. H., C. L. Tumbough, B. S. Posey, and D. B. Briles. 1989 The inability of Salmonella typhimurium to produce siderophore enterobactin is not a virulence factor in mouse typhoid. Infect. Immun. 50:392-397.
    • (1989) Infect. Immun. , vol.50 , pp. 392-397
    • Benjamin, W.H.1    Tumbough, C.L.2    Posey, B.S.3    Briles, D.B.4
  • 38
    • 85033623557 scopus 로고
    • The natural resistance to infections caused by enteric pathogens
    • S. Karger, New York.
    • Olitzki, A. 1972. The natural resistance to infections caused by enteric pathogens. In Enteric Fevers: Causing Organisms and Host's Reactions. S. Karger, New York. 78-182.
    • (1972) Enteric Fevers: Causing Organisms and Host's Reactions , pp. 78-182
    • Olitzki, A.1
  • 39
    • 0014495006 scopus 로고
    • The role of endotoxin during typhoid fever and tularemia in man. IV. the integrity of the endotoxin tolerance mechanisms during infection
    • Greisman, S. E., R. B. Hornick, H. N. Wagner, W. E. Woodward, and T. E. Woodward. 1969. The role of endotoxin during typhoid fever and tularemia in man. IV. The integrity of the endotoxin tolerance mechanisms during infection. J. Clin. Invest. 48:613-629.
    • (1969) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.48 , pp. 613-629
    • Greisman, S.E.1    Hornick, R.B.2    Wagner, H.N.3    Woodward, W.E.4    Woodward, T.E.5
  • 40
    • 0013837248 scopus 로고
    • Studies on infection in experimental typhoid fever. VI. Response of chimpanzees to endotoxin and the effect of tolerance on resistance to oral challenge
    • Tully, J. G., S. Gaines, and W. D. Tigertt. 1965. Studies on infection in experimental typhoid fever. VI. Response of chimpanzees to endotoxin and the effect of tolerance on resistance to oral challenge. J. Infect. Dis. 115:445-455.
    • (1965) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.115 , pp. 445-455
    • Tully, J.G.1    Gaines, S.2    Tigertt, W.D.3
  • 41
    • 0023491110 scopus 로고
    • Salmonella typhimurium deletion mutants lacking adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP receptor protein are avirulent and immunogenic
    • Kelly, S., and R. Curtiss III. 1987. Salmonella typhimurium deletion mutants lacking adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP receptor protein are avirulent and immunogenic. Infect. Immun. 55:3035-3043.
    • (1987) Infect. Immun. , vol.55 , pp. 3035-3043
    • Kelly, S.1    Curtiss III, R.2
  • 43
    • 0003582512 scopus 로고
    • A two-component regulatory system (phoP phoQ) controls Salmonella virulence
    • Miller, S. I., A. M. Kukral, and J. Mekalanos. 1989. A two-component regulatory system (phoP phoQ) controls Salmonella virulence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86:5054-5058.
    • (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.86 , pp. 5054-5058
    • Miller, S.I.1    Kukral, A.M.2    Mekalanos, J.3
  • 44
    • 0025318414 scopus 로고
    • Constitutive expression of the PhoP regulon attenuates Salmonella virulence and survival within macrophages
    • Miller, S. I., and J. J. Mekalanos. 1990. Constitutive expression of the PhoP regulon attenuates Salmonella virulence and survival within macrophages. J. Bacteriol. 172:2485-2490.
    • (1990) J. Bacteriol. , vol.172 , pp. 2485-2490
    • Miller, S.I.1    Mekalanos, J.J.2
  • 45
    • 0024445956 scopus 로고
    • Virulence and vaccine potential of phoP mutants of Salmonella typhimurium
    • Galan, J. E., and R. Curtiss III. 1989. Virulence and vaccine potential of phoP mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. Microbial Pathol. 6:433-443.
    • (1989) Microbial Pathol. , vol.6 , pp. 433-443
    • Galan, J.E.1    Curtiss III, R.2
  • 47
    • 0025294798 scopus 로고
    • Induction of Salmonella stress proteins upon infection of macrophages
    • Buchmeier, N. A., and F. Heffron. 1990. Induction of Salmonella stress proteins upon infection of macrophages. Science (Wash. DC). 248:730-732.
    • (1990) Science (Wash. DC) , vol.248 , pp. 730-732
    • Buchmeier, N.A.1    Heffron, F.2
  • 48
    • 26844484761 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the properties of the Vi antigen of Bacillus typhosus
    • Felix, A., S. S. Bhatnager, and R. M. Pitt. 1934. Observations on the properties of the Vi antigen of Bacillus typhosus. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 15:346-354.
    • (1934) Br. J. Exp. Pathol. , vol.15 , pp. 346-354
    • Felix, A.1    Bhatnager, S.S.2    Pitt, R.M.3
  • 49
    • 0011368018 scopus 로고
    • Genetic mapping of Vi and somatic determinants in Salmonella
    • Johnson, F. M., B. Krauskopf, and L. S. Baron. 1965. Genetic mapping of Vi and somatic determinants in Salmonella. J. Bacteriol. 90:302-308.
    • (1965) J. Bacteriol. , vol.90 , pp. 302-308
    • Johnson, F.M.1    Krauskopf, B.2    Baron, L.S.3
  • 50
    • 0007879304 scopus 로고
    • The pathogenic and immunogenic activities of Salmonella typhi in relation to its antigenic constituents
    • Felix, A. and R. M. Pitt. 1951. The pathogenic and immunogenic activities of Salmonella typhi in relation to its antigenic constituents. J. Hyg. 49:92110.
    • (1951) J. Hyg. , vol.49 , pp. 92110
    • Felix, A.1    Pitt, R.M.2
  • 51
    • 0025908003 scopus 로고
    • Lack of immune response to the Vi component of a Vi-positive variant of the Salmonella typhi live oral vaccine strain Ty21a in human studies
    • Tacket, C. O., G. Losonsky, D. N. Taylor, L. S. Baron, D. Kopecko, S. Cryz, and M. M. Levine. 1991. Lack of immune response to the Vi component of a Vi-positive variant of the Salmonella typhi live oral vaccine strain Ty21a in human studies. J. Infect. Dis. 163:901-904.
    • (1991) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.163 , pp. 901-904
    • Tacket, C.O.1    Losonsky, G.2    Taylor, D.N.3    Baron, L.S.4    Kopecko, D.5    Cryz, S.6    Levine, M.M.7
  • 52
    • 0023491134 scopus 로고
    • Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serum Vi antibodies for detection of chronic Salmonella typhi carriers
    • Losonsky, G. A., C. Fereccio, K. L. Kotloff, S. Kaintuck, J. B. Robbins, and M. M. Levine. 1987. Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serum Vi antibodies for detection of chronic Salmonella typhi carriers. J. Clin. Microbiol. 25:2266-2269.
    • (1987) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.25 , pp. 2266-2269
    • Losonsky, G.A.1    Fereccio, C.2    Kotloff, K.L.3    Kaintuck, S.4    Robbins, J.B.5    Levine, M.M.6
  • 54
    • 0025309175 scopus 로고
    • Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy against cholera challenge in humans of a typhoid-cholera hybrid vaccine derived from Salmonella typhi Ty21a
    • Tacket, C. O., B. Forrest, R. Morona, S. R. Attridge, J. LaBrooy, B. D. Tall, M. Reymann, D. Rowley, and M. M. Levine. 1990. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy against cholera challenge in humans of a typhoid-cholera hybrid vaccine derived from Salmonella typhi Ty21a. Infect. Immun. 58:1620-1627.
    • (1990) Infect. Immun. , vol.58 , pp. 1620-1627
    • Tacket, C.O.1    Forrest, B.2    Morona, R.3    Attridge, S.R.4    LaBrooy, J.5    Tall, B.D.6    Reymann, M.7    Rowley, D.8    Levine, M.M.9
  • 55
    • 0025909766 scopus 로고
    • Different profiles of the human immune response to primary and secondary immunization with an oral Salmonella typhi Ty21 a vaccine
    • Kantele, A., and P. H. Makela. 1991. Different profiles of the human immune response to primary and secondary immunization with an oral Salmonella typhi Ty21 a vaccine. Vaccine. 9:423-427.
    • (1991) Vaccine. , vol.9 , pp. 423-427
    • Kantele, A.1    Makela, P.H.2
  • 56
    • 0025870013 scopus 로고
    • Active immunity is seen as a reduction in the cell response to oral live vaccine
    • Kantele, A., J. M. Kantele, H. Arvilommi, and P. H. Makela. 1991. Active immunity is seen as a reduction in the cell response to oral live vaccine. Vaccine. 9:428-431.
    • (1991) Vaccine , vol.9 , pp. 428-431
    • Kantele, A.1    Kantele, J.M.2    Arvilommi, H.3    Makela, P.H.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.