Toward a Neuroanatomy of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Archives of General Psychiatry

Volumn 49, Issue 9, 1992, Pages 739-744

  Insel, Thomas R ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR;

BASAL GANGLION; BRAIN METABOLISM; CAUDATE NUCLEUS; CINGULATE GYRUS; HUMAN; NEUROANATOMY; OBSESSION; ORBITAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEROTONINERGIC SYSTEM; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY;

AUTORADIOGRAPHY; BRAIN; CAUDATE NUCLEUS; CEREBRAL CORTEX; GYRUS CINGULI; HUMAN; MODELS, NEUROLOGICAL; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; TOMOGRAPHY, EMISSION-COMPUTED; TOMOGRAPHY, EMISSION-COMPUTED, SINGLE-PHOTON;

EID: 0026700588     PISSN: 0003990X     EISSN: 15383636     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820090067011     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Baxter LR Jr, Schwartz JM, Bergman KS, Szuba MP, Guze BH, Mazziotta JC, Alazraki A, Selin CE, Ferng H-K, Munford P, Phelps ME. Caudate glucose metabolic rate changes with both drug and behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992;49: 681–689.
2. Rubin RT, Villanueva-Meyer J, Ananth J, Trajmar PG, Mena I. Regional xenon 133 cerebral blood flow and cerebral technetium Tc 99m-HMPAO uptake in unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and matched normal control subjects: determination by high-resolution single-photon emission computed tomography. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992;49: 695–702.
3. Swedo SE, Pietrini P, Leonard HL, Schapiro MB, Rettew DC, Goldberger EL, Rapoport SI, Rapoport JL, Grady CL. Cerebral glucose metabolism in childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: revisualization during pharmacotherapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992;49: 690–694.
4. Baxter LR Jr, Phelps JM, Mazziotta JC, Guze BH, Schwartz JM. Local cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a comparison with rates in unipolar depression and normal controls. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987;44: 211–218.
5. Tuke D. Imperative ideas. Brain. 1894;17: 179–197.
6. Brickner RM, Rosner A, Munro R. Physiological aspects of the obsessive state. Psychosomat Med. 1940;11: 369–383.
7. Capstick N, Seldrup J. Obsessional states: a study in the relationship between abnormalities occurring at the time of birth and the subsequent development of obsessional symptoms. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1977;56: 427–431.
8. Jenike M. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: a question of a neurologic lesion. Compr Psychiatry. 1984;25: 298–304.
9. Hollander E, Schiffman E, Cohen B, River-Stein M, Rosen W, Gorman J, Fyer A, Papp L, Liebowitz M. Signs of central nervous system dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990;47: 327–332.
10. Hymas N, Lees A, Bloton D, Epps K, Head D. The neurology of obsessional slowness. Brain. 1991;114: 2203–2233.
11. Schilder P. The organic background of obsessions and compulsions. Am J Psychiatry. 1938;94: 1397–1414.
12. Swedo SE, Rapoport JL, Cheslow DL, Leonard HL, Ayoub EM, Hosier DM, Wald ER. High prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with Sydenham's chorea. Am J Psychiatry. 1989;146: 246–249.
13. Laplane D, Baulac M, Widlocher D, Dubois B. Pure psychic akinesia with bilateral lesions of basal ganglia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1984; 47: 377–385.
14. Laplane D, Levasseur M, Pillon B, Dubois B, Baulac M, Mazoyer B, Tran Dinh S, Sette G, Danze F, Baron JC. Obsessive-compulsive and other behavioural changes with bilateral basal ganglia lesions. Brain. 1989;112: 699–725.
15. Cummings JL, Cunningham K. Obsessive-compulsive disorder in Huntington's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 1992;31: 263–270.
16. Pauls DL, Towbin KE, Leckman JF, Zahner GEP, Cohen DJ. Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence supporting an etiological relationship. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986;43: 1180–1182.
17. Green RC, Pitman RK. Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder: clinical relationships. In: Jenike MA, Baer L, Minichiello WE, eds. Secondary Tourette Syndrome and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Clinical Relationships. St Louis, Mo: Mosby-Year Book; 1990: 61–75.
18. Leonard H, Lenene M, Swedo S, Rettew D, Gershon E, Rapoport J. Tics and Tourette's syndrome: a two to seven year follow-up of 54 obsessivecompulsive children. Am J Psychiatry. In press.
19. Insel TR, Donnelly EF, Lalakea ML, Alterman IS, Murphy PL. Neurological and neuropsychological studies of patients with obsessivecompulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1983;18: 741–751.
20. Behar D, Rapoport J, Berg C, Denckla M, Mann L, Cox C, Fedio P, Zahn T, Wolfman H. Computerized tomography and neuropsychological test measures in adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1984;141: 363–369.
21. Luxenberg JS, Swedo SE, Flament MF, Friedland RP, Rapoport J, Rapoport SI. Neuroanatomical abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder detected with quantitative X-ray computed tomography. Am J Psychiatry. 1988;145: 1089–1093.
22. Garber HJ, Ananth JV, Chiu LC, Griswold VJ, Oldendorf WH. Nuclear magnetic resonance study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1989;146: 1001–1005.
23. Kellner C, Jolley R, Holgate R, Austin L, Lydiard R, Laraia M, Ballenger J. Brain MRI in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res. 1991;36: 45–49.
24. Machlin S, Harris G, Pearslon G, Hoehn-Saric R, Jeffery P, Camargo E. Elevated medial-frontal cerebral blood flow in obsessive-compulsive patients: a SPECT study. Am J Psychiatry. 1991;148: 1240–1242.
25. Baxter L, Schwartz J, Mazziotta J, Phelps ME, Pahl JJ, Buze BE, Fairbanks L. Cerebral glucose metabolic rates in nondepressed patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1988;145: 1560–1563.
26. Nordahl TE, Benkelfat C, Semple W, Gross M, King AC, Cohen RM. Cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1989;2: 23–28.
27. Swedo SE, Schapiro MB, Grady CL, Cheslow DL, Leonard HL, Kumar A, Friedland R, Rapoport SI, Rapoport JL. Cerebral glucose metabolism in childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989; 46: 518–523.
28. Martinot J, Allilaire J, Mazoyer B, Hantouche E, Huret J, Legaut Demare F, Deslauriers A, Hardy P, Pappata S, Baron J, Syrota A. Obsessivecompulsive disorder: a clinical, neuropsychological, and positron emission study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1990;82: 233–243.
29. Sawle G, Hymas N, Lees A, Frackowiak R. Obsessional slowness: functional studies with positron emission tomography. Brain. 1991;114: 2191–2202.
30. Swedo S, Rapoport J, Leonard H, Schapiro M, Rapoport S, Grady C. Regional cerebral glucose metabolism of women with trichotillomania. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991;48: 828–833.
31. Reiman E, Raichel M, Butler F, Herscovitch P, Robins E. A focal brain abnormality in panic disorder: a severe form of anxiety. Nature. 1984;310: 683–685.
32. Buchsbaum M, DeLisi L, Holcomb H, Cappelletti J, King A, Johnson J, Hazlett E, Dowling-Zimmerman S, Post R, Morihisa J, Carpenter W, Cohen R, Pickar D, Weinberger D, Margolin R, Kessler R. Anteroposterior gradients in cerebral glucose use in schizophrenia and affective disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984;41: 1159–1166.
33. Baxter L, Schwartz J, Phelps M, Mazziotta J, Guze B, Selin C, Gerner R, Sumida R. Reduction of prefrontal cortical glucose metabolism common to three types of depession. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989;43: 243–250.
34. Fuster J. The Prefrontal Cortex. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1980.
35. Benkelfat C, Nordahl TE, Semple WE, King C, Murphy DL, Cohen RM. Local cerebral glucose metabolic activity in obsessive-compulsive disorder: patients treated with clomipramine. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990;47: 840–848.
36. Hoehn-Saric R, Pearslon G, Harris G, Machlin S, Camargo E. Effects of fluoxetine on regional cerebral blood flow in obsessive-compulsive patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1991;148: 1243–1245.
37. Mazziotta J, Phelps M, Carson R, Kuhl D. Tomographic mapping of human cerebral metabolism: auditory stimulation. Neurology. 1982;32: 921–937.
38. Modell J, Mountz J, Curtis G, Greden J. Neurophysiologic dysfunction in basal ganglia/limbic striatal and thalamocortical circuits as a pathogenetic mechanism of obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Neuropsychiatry. 1989;1: 27–36.
39. Rapoport J. Recent advances in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1991;5: 1–10.
40. Baxter L, Schwartz J, Guze B, Bergman K, Szuba M. Neuroimaging in obsessive-compulsive disorder: seeking the mediating neuroanatomy: In: Jenike M, Baer L, Minichiello W, eds. Secondary Neuroimaging in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Seeking the Mediating Neuroanatomy. St Louis, Mo: Mosby-Year Book; 1990: 167–188.
41. Alexander GE, DeLong MR, Strick PL. Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex. Annu Rev Neurosci. 1986;9: 357–381.
42. Yeterian E, Van Hoesen G. Cortico-striate projections in the rhesus monkey: the organization of certain cortico-caudate connections. Brain Res. 1978;139: 43–63.
43. Baxter L. Neuroimaging studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am. In press.
44. Parent A. Serotonergic innervation of the basal ganglia. J Comp Neurol. 1990;299: 1–16.
45. Fodstad H, Strandman E, Karlsson B, West KA. Treatment of chronic obsessive compulsive states with stereotactic anterior capsulotomy or cingulotomy. Acta Neurochir. 1982;62: 1–23.
46. Bingley T, Leskell L, Meyerson BA, Rylander G. Long-term results of stereotactic anterior capsulotomy in chronic obsessive-compulsive neurosis. In: Sweet WH, Obrador S, Martin-Rodriguez JG, eds. Neurosurgical Treatment in Psychiatry. Baltimore, Md: University Park Press; 1977: 287–289.
47. Jenike M, Baer L, Ballantine T, Martuza R, Tynes S, Giriunas I, Buttolph L, Cassem N. Cingulotomy for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a long-term follow-up of 33 patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991;48: 548–555.
48. Kelly D. Anxiety and Emotions. Springfield, Ill: Charles C Thomas Publisher; 1980.
49. Pandya D, Seltzer B. Association areas of the cerebral cortex. Trends Neurosci. 1982;5: 386–390.
50. Jones B, Mishkin M. Limbic lesions and the problem of stimulusreinforcement associations. Exp Neurol. 1972;36: 362–377.
51. Stuss D, Kaplan E, Benson D, Weir W, Chiulli S, Sarazin F. Evidence for the involvement of orbitofrontal cortex in memory functions: an interference effect. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1982;96: 913–925.
52. Iverson S, Mishkin M. Perseverative interference in monkeys following selective lesions of the inferior prefrontal cortex. Exp Brain Res. 1970;11: 376–386.
53. Drewe E. Go-no go learning after frontal lobe lesions in humans. Cortex. 1975;11: 8–16.
54. Goldman-Rakic PS. Circuitry of primate prefrontal cortex and regulation of behavior by representational memory. In: Mountcastle VB, Plum F, Geirger SR, eds. Secondary Circuitry of Primate Prefrontal Cortex and Regulation of Behavior by Representational Memory. Bethesda, Md: American Physiological Society; 1987: 373–417.
55. Ward C. Transient feelings of compulsion caused by hemispheric lesions: three cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1988;51: 266–268.
56. Eslinger PJ, Damasio AR. Severe disturbance of higher cognition after bilateral frontal lobe ablation: patient EVR. Neurology. 1985;35: 1731–1741.
57. Zohar J, Insel T, Berman K, Foa E, Hill J, Weinberger D. Anxiety and cerebral blood flow during behavioral challenge: dissociation of central from peripheral and subjective measures. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989;46: 505–510.