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8
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0025691205
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Humankind in the biosphere the evolution of international interdisciplinary research
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These questions underline the phenomenological aspects of global environmental change, and the legitimizing role of environmental policy, which are not addressed in much of the social sciences discussion to date. The approach adopted by most authors is much closer to that of the natural sciences — it is empirically grounded, around observable ‘problems’ and assumes the ‘objectivity’ of most policy interventions., See for summaries
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(1990)
Global Environmental Change
, vol.1
, Issue.1
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Price1
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12
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0004106790
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Even a pioneering treatment of the connections between ecology and economic development argued that'… much economic development may take place without having an obvious, direct effect upon the environment or its natural resources … Development of natural resources contributes to providing an increasing share of the necessities of life, and material luxuries of civilization, to the people of a country…, John Wiley, London
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(1973)
Ecological Principles for Economic Development
, pp. 22
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Dasmann1
Milton2
Freeman3
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13
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0003585340
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In the relatively short sections of the Brandt Commission's report devoted to the environment, the subject is approached from the other direction: 'It can no longer be argued that the protection of the environment is an obstacle to development. On the contrary, the care of the natural environment is an essential aspect of development, Pan Books, London
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(1980)
North-South: A Programme for Survival
, pp. 114
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14
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It is important to recognize, for example, that the Brandt Commission, which paved the way for a serious treatment of the environment within the development problematic, took the view that absolute limits in the supply of fossil fuels (rather than their profligate use) constituted the main threat to the planet. 'In the crucial field of fuel energy mankind still behaves as if all these resources — up to now so abundantly wasted — were renewable. The oil stock of our planet has been built up in a long process over millions of years, … Exhaustion of these resources is foreseeable but their replacement by alternative fuels is not …, Pan Books, London, In the relatively short sections of the Brandt Commission's report devoted to the environment, the subject is approached from the other direction: ‘It can no longer be argued that the protection of the environment is an obstacle to [[Truncated]]
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(1980)
North-South: A Programme for Survival
, pp. 19
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15
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The Brandt Commission report was published in the same year as, International Union for the Conservation of Nature/World Wildlife Fund, which effectively coined the term ‘sustainable development’, but which confined the discussion of economic development to the last section of the report.In this section the emphasis was placed on raising finance for conservation objectives, rather than considering economic development and the environment together., The approach adopted in the new document
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(1980)
The World Conservation Strategy
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16
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International Union for the Conservation of Nature/World Wildlife Fund, is to pose economic development, initially, as a potential problem for achieving environmental objectives. Other influential reports in this period inc
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(1980)
The World Conservation Strategy for the 1990s
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19
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0003585340
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In the relatively short sections of the Brandt Commission's report devoted to the environment, the subject is approached from the other direction: 'It can no longer be argued that the protection of the environment is an obstacle to development. On the contrary, the care of the natural environment is an essential aspect of development, Pan Books, London
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(1980)
North-South: A Programme for Survival
, pp. 114
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22
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84909840796
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J. Spotswood Wilson, ‘On the general and gradual dessication of the earth and atmosphere’, Report of the Proceedings of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Transactions (1858), pp 155–156.
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35
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The policy alternatives that could accompany carbon taxes, and bring about a redistribution of benefits internationally, are set out in a recent report to the Dutch Government: Florentine Krause, Earthscan, London
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(1990)
Energy Policy in the Greenhouse
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Krause1
Bach2
Kooney3
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36
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Earthscan, London, Martin Parry argues that the food deficit countries, among the developing countries, are most likely to be adversely affected by climate change, as a result of increases in their food prices
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(1990)
Climate Change and World Agriculture
, pp. 117-118
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40
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This Common Inheritance
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HMSO, London
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(1990)
UK White Paper
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41
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Who should pay for global warming?
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As Dieter Helm argues, '… The White Paper provides little evidence that any serious thought has been directed as to how the 2005 target will be met. Taking transport as an example, the Department of Transport's proposal to spend £8 billion to cater for the anticipated doubling of the number of vehicles on the roads by 2025 remains unaltered …'
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(1990)
New Scientist
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42
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Michael Redclift, ‘The environment, economics and development: Paradigm lost or regained?’, in Kerry Turner, ed, Sustainable Environmental Economics and Management: Principles and Practice', Bellhaven Press, London (in press).
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Paul Ekins and Manfred Max-Neef, eds, Real Life Economics: The Emergence of a Living Economics School of Thought, Routledge, London (in press).
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Referring to Edward Lorenz's formulation of chaos theory, James Gleick writes “… few laymen realised how tightly compartmentalized the scientific community had become, a battleship with bulheads sealed against leaks”, Cardinal, London
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(1987)
Chaos
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Paul Ekins and Manfred Max-Neef, eds, Real Life Economics: The Emergence of a Living Economics School of Thought, Routledge, London (in press).
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Paul Ekins and Manfred Max-Neef, eds, Real Life Economics: The Emergence of a Living Economics School of Thought, Routledge, London (in press).
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Mario Kamenatsky, ‘The economics of the satisfaction of needs’ in Paul Ekins and Manfred Max-Neef, eds, Real Life Economics: The Emergence of a Living Economics School of Thought, Routledge, London (in press).
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Richard Norgaard, Development Betrayed (in press).
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[This] is the first of the energy wars. The war is about cheap oil and a way of life based on cheap energy. It is time to change our way of life. Reducing dependence on an energy source that can only be defended at this cost is plain common sense, which must begin to prevail over the lunatic disregard built into our life of getting and spending …'
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(1991)
The Observer
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Ignatieff1
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