Measured trends in stratospheric ozone

Science

Volumn 256, Issue 5055, 1992, Pages 342-349

  Stolarski, Richard ^a   Bojkov, Rumen ^b   Bishop, Lane ^c   Zerefos, Christos ^d   Staehelin, Johannes ^e   Zawodny, Joseph ^f  

^a NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^b WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

^c HONEYWELL   (United States)

^d ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI   (Greece)

^e ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^f NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; OZONE TREND; SATELLITE MEASUREMENT; STRATOSPHERE;

EID: 0026454302     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.256.5055.342     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. x emitted from a proposed fleet of supersonic transports was first predicted by H. Johnston [Science 173, 517 (1971)]. The effects of chlorine from chlorofluorocarbons were predicted by M. J. Molina and F. S. Rowland [Nature 249, 810 (1974)]. Subsequent progress in understanding has been reviewed in numerous papers and reports; see (15).
2. x emitted from a proposed fleet of supersonic transports was first predicted by H. Johnston [Science 173, 517 (1971)]. The effects of chlorine from chlorofluorocarbons were predicted by M. J. Molina and F. S. Rowland [Nature 249, 810 (1974)]. Subsequent progress in understanding has been reviewed in numerous papers and reports; see (15).
3. J. C. Farman, B. G. Gardiner, J. D. Shanklin, Nature 315, 207 (1985).
4. For example, S. Solomon, Rev. Geophys. 26, 131 (1988).
5. R. D. Bojkov, L. Bishop, W. J. Hill, G. C. Reinsel, G. C. Tiao, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 9785 (1990); R. S. Stolarski, P. Bloomfield, R. D. McPeters, J. R. Herman, Geophys. Res. Lett. 18, 1015 (1991).
6. R. D. Bojkov, L. Bishop, W. J. Hill, G. C. Reinsel, G. C. Tiao, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 9785 (1990); R. S. Stolarski, P. Bloomfield, R. D. McPeters, J. R. Herman, Geophys. Res. Lett. 18, 1015 (1991).
7. R. Stolarski et al., in "Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1991" (World Meteorological Organization/United Nations Environment Program Report, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, in press), chap. 2. The chapter was prepared with additional contributions from M. L. Chauin, V. Fioletev, S. Godin, V. Kirchhoff, W. Chu, J. DeLuisi, A. Hansson, J. Kerr, E. Lysenko, M. P. McCormick, P. Newman, M. Prendez, J. Staehelin, and B. Subbaraya.
8. G. M. B. Dobson, Annals of the International Geophysical Year V. Part 1 (Pergamon, New York, 1957), pp. 46-89.
9. 3OS), currently consists of about 70 stations. We use the 39 stations that have continuous records for approximately 30 years.
10. W. D. Komhyr, R. D. Grass, R. K. Leonard, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 9847 (1989).
11. Ozone Data for the World (Atmospheric Environment Service, Department of the Environment, Downsview, Ontario, Canada, in cooperation with the World Meteorological Organization).
12. "Report of the International Ozone Trends Panel: 1988" (World Meteorological Organization Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Network Report No. 18, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1990).
13. R. D. Bojkov, L. Bishop, W. J. Hill, G. C. Reinsel, G. C. Tiao, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 9785 (1990).
14. R. D. Bojkov and V. Fioletev, in preparation.
15. A. J. Fleig, P. K. Bhartia, C. G. Wellemeyer, D. S. Silberstein, Geophys. Res. Lett. 13, 1355 (1986).
16. J. R. Herman et al., J. Geophys. Res. 96, 7531 (1991).
17. "Scientific Assessment of Stratospheric Ozone: 1989" (World Meteorological Organization, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report No. 20, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1990).
18. W. D. Komhyr, NOAA Tech. Mem. ERL ARL-149 (NOAA/GMCC, Boulder, CO, 1986).
19. R. D. Bojkov, in preparation.
20. J. Staehelin and W. Schmidt, Atmos. Environ. 25A, 1739 (1991).
21. F. W. P., Götz, Gerlands Beitr. Geophys. 31, 119 (1931).
22. C. L. Mateer and J. J. DeLuisi, in preparation.
23. J. J. DeLuisi, personal communication.
24. M. P. McCormick, J. M. Zawodny, R. E. Veiga, J. C. Larsen, P. H. Wang, Planet. Space Sci. 37, 1567 (1989).
25. M. P. McCormick, R. E. Veiga, W. P. Chu, Geophys. Res. Lett. 19, 269 (1992).
26. D. J. Hofmann, J. W. Harder, J. M. Rosen, J. V. Hereford, J. R. Carpenter, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 16527 (1989); T. Deshler, D. J. Hofmann, J. V. Hereford, C. B. Sutter, Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 151 (1990); B. G. Gardiner, ibid. 15, 901 (1988); W. D. Komhyr, R. D. Grass, R. K. Leonard, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 11429 (1988).
27. D. J. Hofmann, J. W. Harder, J. M. Rosen, J. V. Hereford, J. R. Carpenter, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 16527 (1989); T. Deshler, D. J. Hofmann, J. V. Hereford, C. B. Sutter, Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 151 (1990); B. G. Gardiner, ibid. 15, 901 (1988); W. D. Komhyr, R. D. Grass, R. K. Leonard, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 11429 (1988).
28. D. J. Hofmann, J. W. Harder, J. M. Rosen, J. V. Hereford, J. R. Carpenter, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 16527 (1989); T. Deshler, D. J. Hofmann, J. V. Hereford, C. B. Sutter, Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 151 (1990); B. G. Gardiner, ibid. 15, 901 (1988); W. D. Komhyr, R. D. Grass, R. K. Leonard, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 11429 (1988).
29. D. J. Hofmann, J. W. Harder, J. M. Rosen, J. V. Hereford, J. R. Carpenter, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 16527 (1989); T. Deshler, D. J. Hofmann, J. V. Hereford, C. B. Sutter, Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 151 (1990); B. G. Gardiner, ibid. 15, 901 (1988); W. D. Komhyr, R. D. Grass, R. K. Leonard, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 11429 (1988).
30. R. S. Stolarski, M. R. Schoeberl, P. A. Newman, R. D. McPeters, A. J. Krueger, Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 1267 (1990); P. A. Newman, R. S. Stolarski, M. R. Schoeberl, R. D. McPeters, A. J. Krueger, ibid. 18, 661 (1991).
31. R. S. Stolarski, M. R. Schoeberl, P. A. Newman, R. D. McPeters, A. J. Krueger, Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 1267 (1990); P. A. Newman, R. S. Stolarski, M. R. Schoeberl, R. D. McPeters, A. J. Krueger, ibid. 18, 661 (1991).
32. A. J. Krueger, M. R. Schoeberl, P. A. Newman, R. S. Stolarski, in preparation.
33. R. R. Garcia and S. Solomon, Geophys. Res. Lett. 14, 848 (1987); L. R. Lait, M. R. Schoeberl, P. A. Newman, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 11559 (1989).
34. R. R. Garcia and S. Solomon, Geophys. Res. Lett. 14, 848 (1987); L. R. Lait, M. R. Schoeberl, P. A. Newman, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 11559 (1989).
35. M. P. McCormick and J. C. Larsen, Geophys. Res. Lett. 13, 1280 (1986); ibid. 15, 907 (1988).
36. M. P. McCormick and J. C. Larsen, Geophys. Res. Lett. 13, 1280 (1986); ibid. 15, 907 (1988).
37. E. V. Browell et al., Polar Ozone Workshop (NASA Ref. Publ. 10014, NASA, Greenbelt, MD, 1988), pp. 61-64.
38. M. H. Proffitt et al., J. Geophys. Res. 94, 16547 (1989).
39. G. C. Reinsel, G. Tiao, M. N. Wang, R. Lewis, D. Nychka, Atmos. Environ. 15, 1569 (1981).
40. See, for example, G. C. Reinsel et al., J. Geophys. Res. 92, 2201 (1987).
41. R. D. McPeters and W. D. Komhyr, ibid. 96, 2987 (1991).
42. R. S. Stolarski, P. Bloomfield, R. D. McPeters, J. R. Herman, Geophys. Res. Lett. 18, 1015 (1991).
43. F. Lefevre and D. Cariolle, ibid., p. 33; _, S. Muller, F. Karcher, J. Geophys. Res. 96, 12893 (1991); J. P. Pommereau, F. Goutail, H. LeTexier, T. S. Jorgensen, Proceedings of the 28th International Astrophysical Colloquium, Liège, Belgium, 1989.
44. F. Lefevre and D. Cariolle, ibid., p. 33; _, S. Muller, F. Karcher, J. Geophys. Res. 96, 12893 (1991); J. P. Pommereau, F. Goutail, H. LeTexier, T. S. Jorgensen, Proceedings of the 28th International Astrophysical Colloquium, Liège, Belgium, 1989.
45. F. Lefevre and D. Cariolle, ibid., p. 33; _, S. Muller, F. Karcher, J. Geophys. Res. 96, 12893 (1991); J. P. Pommereau, F. Goutail, H. LeTexier, T. S. Jorgensen, Proceedings of the 28th International Astrophysical Colloquium, Liège, Belgium, 1989.
46. H. U. Dütsch, J. Bader, and J. Staehelin (J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., in press) reanalyzed the data from Payerne, Switzerland. R. D. Bojkov (in preparation) has reanalyzed the data from Churchill, Edmonton, and Goose Bay in Canada, Tateno in Japan, and Hohenpeissenberg in Germany.
47. H. U. Dütsch, J. Bader, and J. Staehelin (J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., in press) reanalyzed the data from Payerne, Switzerland. R. D. Bojkov (in preparation) has reanalyzed the data from Churchill, Edmonton, and Goose Bay in Canada, Tateno in Japan, and Hohenpeissenberg in Germany.
48. R. E. Veiga and W. P. Chu, Eos 72, 68 (1991).
49. P. Bloomfield, personal communication.