메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 327, Issue 22, 1992, Pages 1541-1548

Unilateral Transplantation of Human Fetal Mesencephalic Tissue into the Caudate Nucleus of Patients with Parkinson's Disease

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBIDOPA PLUS LEVODOPA; CYCLOSPORIN A; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT;

EID: 0026447667     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: 15334406     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199211263272201     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (409)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 0015745743 scopus 로고
    • Brain dopamine and the syndromes of Parkinson and Huntington: clinical, morphological and neurochemical correlations
    • Bemheimer H, Birkmayer W, Hornykiewicz O, Jellinger K, Seitelberger F. Brain dopamine and the syndromes of Parkinson and Huntington: clinical, morphological and neurochemical correlations. J Neural Sci 1973; 20: 415–55.
    • (1973) J Neural Sci , vol.20 , pp. 415-455
    • Bemheimer, H.1    Birkmayer, W.2    Hornykiewicz, O.3    Jellinger, K.4    Seitelberger, F.5
  • 2
    • 0023214221 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine agonists as primary treatment in Parkinson's disease
    • Rinne UK. Dopamine agonists as primary treatment in Parkinson's disease. Adv Neural 1987; 45: 519–23.
    • (1987) Adv Neural , vol.45 , pp. 519-523
    • Rinne, U.K.1
  • 3
    • 0003428971 scopus 로고
    • Movement disorders — a comprehensive survey
    • Mount Kisco, N.Y.: Futura
    • Weiner WJ, Lang AE. Movement disorders — a comprehensive survey. Mount Kisco, N.Y.: Futura, 1989.
    • (1989)
    • Weiner, W.J.1    Lang, A.E.2
  • 4
    • 0017140585 scopus 로고
    • Transplanted neural tissue develops connections with host rat brain
    • Lund RD, Hauschka SD. Transplanted neural tissue develops connections with host rat brain. Science 1976; 193: 582–4.
    • (1976) Science , vol.193 , pp. 582-584
    • Lund, R.D.1    Hauschka, S.D.2
  • 5
    • 0018778418 scopus 로고
    • Brain grafts reduce motor abnormalities produced by destruction of nigrostriatal dopamine system
    • Perlow MJ, Freed WJ, Hoffer BJ, Seiger A, Olson L, Wyatt RJ. Brain grafts reduce motor abnormalities produced by destruction of nigrostriatal dopamine system. Science 1979; 204: 643–7.
    • (1979) Science , vol.204 , pp. 643-647
    • Perlow, M.J.1    Freed, W.J.2    Hoffer, B.J.3    Seiger, A.4    Olson, L.5    Wyatt, R.J.6
  • 6
    • 0018695489 scopus 로고
    • Reconstruction of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway by intracerebral nigral transplants
    • Björklund A, Stenevi U. Reconstruction of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway by intracerebral nigral transplants. Brain Res 1979; 177: 555–60.
    • (1979) Brain Res , vol.177 , pp. 555-560
    • Björklund, A.1    Stenevi, U.2
  • 7
    • 0023001768 scopus 로고
    • Human fetal substantia nigra grafted to the dopamine-denervated striatum of immunosup pressed rats: evidence for functional reinnervation
    • Stromberg I, Bygdeman M, Goldstein M, Seiger A, Olson L. Human fetal substantia nigra grafted to the dopamine-denervated striatum of immunosup pressed rats: evidence for functional reinnervation. Neurosci Lett 1986; 71: 271–6.
    • (1986) Neurosci Lett , vol.71 , pp. 271-276
    • Stromberg, I.1    Bygdeman, M.2    Goldstein, M.3    Seiger, A.4    Olson, L.5
  • 8
    • 0021288896 scopus 로고
    • Intracerebral neural implants: neuronal replacement and reconstruction of damaged circuitries
    • Björklund A, Stenevi U. Intracerebral neural implants: neuronal replacement and reconstruction of damaged circuitries. Annu Rev Neurosci 1984; 7: 279–308.
    • (1984) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 279-308
    • Björklund, A.1    Stenevi, U.2
  • 9
    • 0023623403 scopus 로고
    • Intracerebral grafting of dopamine neurons: experimental basis for clinical trials in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Brundin P, Strecker RE, Lindvall O, et al. Intracerebral grafting of dopamine neurons: experimental basis for clinical trials in patients with Parkinson's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1987; 495: 473–96.
    • (1987) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.495 , pp. 473-496
    • Brundin, P.1    Strecker, R.E.2    Lindvall, O.3
  • 10
    • 84910751035 scopus 로고
    • Transplanted cells: a future treatment for Parkinson's disease?
    • (newsletter sponsored by Dupont Pharmaceuticals).
    • Redmond DE Jr, Sladek JR Jr, Roth RH. Transplanted cells: a future treatment for Parkinson's disease? Neurologic Consultant 1987; 4: 1–8 (newsletter sponsored by Dupont Pharmaceuticals).
    • (1987) Neurologic Consultant , vol.4 , pp. 1-8
    • Redmond, D.E.1    Sladek, J.R.2    Roth, R.H.3
  • 11
    • 0022574878 scopus 로고
    • Fetal neuronal grafts in monkeys given methylphenyltetrahydropyridine
    • Redmond DE, Sladek JR Jr, Roth RH, et al. Fetal neuronal grafts in monkeys given methylphenyltetrahydropyridine. Lancet 1986; 1: 1125–7.
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1125-1127
    • Redmond, D.E.1    Sladek, J.R.2    Roth, R.H.3
  • 12
    • 0022971670 scopus 로고
    • Survival and growth of fetal catecholamine neurons transplanted into primate brain
    • Sladek JR Jr, Collier TJ, Haber SN, Roth RH, Redmond DE Jr. Survival and growth of fetal catecholamine neurons transplanted into primate brain. Brain Res Bull 1986; 17: 809–18.
    • (1986) Brain Res Bull , vol.17 , pp. 809-818
    • Sladek, J.R.1    Collier, T.J.2    Haber, S.N.3    Roth, R.H.4    Redmond, D.E.5
  • 14
    • 0024262022 scopus 로고
    • Transplantation of embryonic marmoset dopaminergic neurons to the corpus striatum of marmosets rendered parkinsonian by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1
    • 2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. In: Gash DM, Sladek JR Jr, eds. Transplantation into the mammalian CNS. of Progress in brain research. Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Fine A, Hunt SP, Oertel WH, et al. Transplantation of embryonic marmoset dopaminergic neurons to the corpus striatum of marmosets rendered parkinsonian by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. In: Gash DM, Sladek JR Jr, eds. Transplantation into the mammalian CNS. Vol 78 of Progress in brain research. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1988:479–89.
    • (1988) , vol.78 , pp. 479-489
    • Fine, A.1    Hunt, S.P.2    Oertel, W.H.3
  • 15
    • 0025219304 scopus 로고
    • The effect of fetal mesencephalon implants on primate MPTP-induced parkinsonism: histochemical and behavioral studies
    • Bankiewicz KS, Plunkett RJ, Jacobowitz DM, et al. The effect of fetal mesencephalon implants on primate MPTP-induced parkinsonism: histochemical and behavioral studies. J Neurosurg 1990; 72: 231–44.
    • (1990) J Neurosurg , vol.72 , pp. 231-244
    • Bankiewicz, K.S.1    Plunkett, R.J.2    Jacobowitz, D.M.3
  • 17
    • 0023816258 scopus 로고
    • Cryopreservation, culture, and transplantation of human fetal mesencephalic tissue into monkeys
    • Redmond DE Jr, Naftolin F, Collier TJ, et al. Cryopreservation, culture, and transplantation of human fetal mesencephalic tissue into monkeys. Science 1988; 242: 768–71.
    • (1988) Science , vol.242 , pp. 768-771
    • Redmond, D.E.1    Naftolin, F.2    Collier, T.J.3
  • 18
    • 85023729567 scopus 로고
    • Embryonic brain cell transplantation for the treatment of central nervous system disorders: ethical issues and questions: proceedings of a symposium, New Haven, Conn
    • February 26, 1987. New Haven: Morse College, Yale University
    • Embryonic brain cell transplantation for the treatment of central nervous system disorders: ethical issues and questions: proceedings of a symposium, New Haven, Conn., February 26, 1987. New Haven: Morse College, Yale University, 1987.
    • (1987)
  • 19
    • 0023652435 scopus 로고
    • Transplantation of neural tissue from fetuses
    • Mahowald MB, Areen J, Hoffer BJ, et al. Transplantation of neural tissue from fetuses. Science 1987; 235: 1307–8.
    • (1987) Science , vol.235 , pp. 1307-1308
    • Mahowald, M.B.1    Areen, J.2    Hoffer, B.J.3
  • 20
    • 0004008508 scopus 로고
    • Report of the Human Fetal Tissue Transplantation Research Panel
    • Washington, D.C.: National Institutes of Health
    • Report of the Human Fetal Tissue Transplantation Research Panel. Washington, D.C.: National Institutes of Health, 1988.
    • (1988)
  • 21
    • 0024398219 scopus 로고
    • The ethics of research using human fetal tissue
    • Redmond DE Jr, Spencer D, Naftolin F, et al. The ethics of research using human fetal tissue. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 1609.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.321 , pp. 1609
    • Redmond, D.E.1    Spencer, D.2    Naftolin, F.3
  • 22
    • 0023835638 scopus 로고
    • Transplantation of fetal substantia nigra and adrenal medulla to the caudate nucleus in two patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Madrazo I, León V, Torres C, et al. Transplantation of fetal substantia nigra and adrenal medulla to the caudate nucleus in two patients with Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 1988; 318: 51.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.318 , pp. 51
    • Madrazo, I.1    León, V.2    Torres, C.3
  • 24
    • 0025676061 scopus 로고
    • Fetal homotrans-plants (ventral mesencephalon and adrenal tissue) to the striatum of parkinsonian subjects
    • Madrazo I, Franco-Bourland R, Ostrosky-Solis F, et al. Fetal homotrans-plants (ventral mesencephalon and adrenal tissue) to the striatum of parkinsonian subjects. Arch Neural 1990; 47: 1281–5.
    • (1990) Arch Neural , vol.47 , pp. 1281-1285
    • Madrazo, I.1    Franco-Bourland, R.2    Ostrosky-Solis, F.3
  • 25
    • 0025261943 scopus 로고
    • Transplantation of human fetal dopamine cells for Parkinson's disease: results at 1 year
    • Freed CR, Breeze RE, Rosenberg NL, et al. Transplantation of human fetal dopamine cells for Parkinson's disease: results at 1 year. Arch Neural 1990; 47: 505–12.
    • (1990) Arch Neural , vol.47 , pp. 505-512
    • Freed, C.R.1    Breeze, R.E.2    Rosenberg, N.L.3
  • 26
    • 0025058215 scopus 로고
    • Grafts of fetal dopamine neurons survive and improve motor function in Parkinson's disease
    • Lindvall O, Brundin P, Widner H, et al. Grafts of fetal dopamine neurons survive and improve motor function in Parkinson's disease. Science 1990; 247: 574–7.
    • (1990) Science , vol.247 , pp. 574-577
    • Lindvall, O.1    Brundin, P.2    Widner, H.3
  • 27
    • 0026584525 scopus 로고
    • Transplantation of fetal dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease: one-year clinical and neurophysiological observations in two patients with putaminal implants
    • Lindvall O, Widner H, Rehncrona S. et al. Transplantation of fetal dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease: one-year clinical and neurophysiological observations in two patients with putaminal implants. Ann Neurol 1992; 31: 155–65.
    • (1992) Ann Neurol , vol.31 , pp. 155-165
    • Lindvall, O.1    Widner, H.2    Rehncrona, S.3
  • 28
    • 0014082977 scopus 로고
    • Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality
    • Hoehn MM, Yahr MD. Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology 1967; 17: 427–42.
    • (1967) Neurology , vol.17 , pp. 427-442
    • Hoehn, M.M.1    Yahr, M.D.2
  • 29
    • 0026515731 scopus 로고
    • Core assessment program for intracerebral transplantations (CAPIT)
    • Langston JW, Widner H, Goetz CG, et al. Core assessment program for intracerebral transplantations (CAPIT). Mov Disord 1992; 7: 2–13.
    • (1992) Mov Disord , vol.7 , pp. 2-13
    • Langston, J.W.1    Widner, H.2    Goetz, C.G.3
  • 30
    • 0000224448 scopus 로고
    • Members of the UPDRS Development Committee
    • Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. In: Fahn S, Marsden CD, Calne DB, Goldstein M, eds. Recent developments in Parkinson's disease. Florham Park, N.J.: Macmillan Healthcare Information
    • Fahn S, Elton RL, Members of the UPDRS Development Committee. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. In: Fahn S, Marsden CD, Calne DB, Goldstein M, eds. Recent developments in Parkinson's disease. Vol. 2. Florham Park, N.J.: Macmillan Healthcare Information, :153–64.
    • (1987) , vol.2 , pp. 153-164
    • Fahn, S.1    Elton, R.L.2
  • 31
    • 0001265104 scopus 로고
    • England achéal Jr
    • Projection technique for evaluating surgery in Parkinson's disease. In: Gillingham FJ, Donaldson IML, eds. Third Symposium on Parkinson's disease, Edinburgh, Scotland, May 20–22, 1968. Edinburgh, ScoUand: E. & S. Livingstone
    • Schwab RS, England achéal Jr. Projection technique for evaluating surgery in Parkinson's disease. In: Gillingham FJ, Donaldson IML, eds. Third Symposium on Parkinson's disease, Edinburgh, Scotland, May 20–22, 1968. Edinburgh, ScoUand: E. & S. Livingstone, 1969:152–7.
    • (1969) , pp. 152-157
    • Schwab, R.S.1
  • 32
    • 0004310754 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological assessment
    • 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press
    • Lezak MD. Neuropsychological assessment. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.
    • (1983)
    • Lezak, M.D.1
  • 33
    • 0003567471 scopus 로고
    • Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia (SADS)
    • New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute
    • Spitzer RL, Endicott J. Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia (SADS). New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1978.
    • (1978)
    • Spitzer, R.L.1    Endicott, J.2
  • 34
    • 0007641570 scopus 로고
    • Eating disorders
    • In: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-III-R. 3rd ed. rev. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association
    • Eating disorders. In: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-III-R. 3rd ed. rev. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association, 1987:65–7.
    • (1987) , pp. 65-67
  • 35
    • 85023698624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular replacement of dopamine deficit in Parkinson's disease using human fetal mesencephalic tissue: preliminary results in four patients
    • In: Waxman SG, ed. Molecular and cellular approaches to the treatment of brain disease. New York: Raven Press (in press).
    • Redmond DE Jr, Robbins RJ, Naftolin F, et al. Cellular replacement of dopamine deficit in Parkinson's disease using human fetal mesencephalic tissue: preliminary results in four patients. In: Waxman SG, ed. Molecular and cellular approaches to the treatment of brain disease. New York: Raven Press (in press).
    • Redmond, D.E.1    Robbins, R.J.2    Naftolin, F.3
  • 36
    • 0024850382 scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic and asymptomatic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetiahydropyridine-treated primates: biochemical changes in striatal regions
    • Elsworth JD, Deutch AY, Redmond DE Jr, Taylor JR, Sladek JR Jr, Roth RH. Symptomatic and asymptomatic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetiahydropyridine-treated primates: biochemical changes in striatal regions. Neuroscience 1989; 33: 323–31.
    • (1989) Neuroscience , vol.33 , pp. 323-331
    • Elsworth, J.D.1    Deutch, A.Y.2    Redmond, D.E.3    Taylor, J.R.4    Sladek, J.R.5    Roth, R.H.6
  • 37
    • 0003912322 scopus 로고
    • The cerebrospinal fluid
    • Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Lups S, Haan AMFH. The cerebrospinal fluid. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1954.
    • (1954)
    • Lups, S.1    Haan, A.M.F.H.2
  • 38
    • 0026121711 scopus 로고
    • Performance evaluation of the PC-2048: a new 15 slice encoded crystal PET scanner for neurological studies
    • Evans achéal, Thompson CJ, Marrett S, Meyer E, Mazza M. Performance evaluation of the PC-2048: a new 15 slice encoded crystal PET scanner for neurological studies. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 1991; 10: 90–8.
    • (1991) IEEE Trans Med Imaging , vol.10 , pp. 90-98
    • Evans achéal1    Thompson, C.J.2    Marrett, S.3    Meyer, E.4    Mazza, M.5
  • 40
    • 0025767662 scopus 로고
    • Dopa decarboxylase activity of the living human brain
    • Gjedde A, Reith J, Dyve S, et al. Dopa decarboxylase activity of the living human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88: 2721–5.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.88 , pp. 2721-2725
    • Gjedde, A.1    Reith, J.2    Dyve, S.3
  • 43
    • 0024974580 scopus 로고
    • The ethical use of human fetal tissue in medicine
    • Greely HT, Hamm T, Johnson R, et al. The ethical use of human fetal tissue in medicine. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 1093–6.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.320 , pp. 1093-1096
    • Greely, H.T.1    Hamm, T.2    Johnson, R.3
  • 44
    • 0025818158 scopus 로고
    • Ethical issues in brain-cell transplantation
    • Hoffer BJ, Olson L. Ethical issues in brain-cell transplantation. Trends Neurosci 1991; 14: 384–8.
    • (1991) Trends Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 384-388
    • Hoffer, B.J.1    Olson, L.2
  • 45
    • 0022558752 scopus 로고
    • Somatostatin release from dissociated cerebral cortical cell cultures
    • In: Conn PM, ed. Hormone action. of Methods in enzymology. Orlando, Fla.: Academic Press
    • Landon RM, Robbins R. Somatostatin release from dissociated cerebral cortical cell cultures. In: Conn PM, ed. Hormone action. Vol. 124 of Methods in enzymology. Orlando, Fla.: Academic Press, 1986:412–24.
    • (1986) , vol.124 , pp. 412-424
    • Landon, R.M.1    Robbins, R.2
  • 46
    • 0000621134 scopus 로고
    • The stereotaxic placement of depth electrodes in epilepsy
    • In: Lüders H, ed. Epilepsy surgery. New York: Raven Press
    • McCarthy G, Spencer DD, Riker RJ. The stereotaxic placement of depth electrodes in epilepsy. In: Lüders H, ed. Epilepsy surgery. New York: Raven Press, 1991:385–93.
    • (1991) , pp. 385-393
    • McCarthy, G.1    Spencer, D.D.2    Riker, R.J.3
  • 47
    • 0003435435 scopus 로고
    • SAS/STAT user's guide
    • release 6.03 ed. Cary, N.C.: SAS Institute
    • SAS/STAT user's guide, release 6.03 ed. Cary, N.C.: SAS Institute, 1988.
    • (1988)
  • 48
    • 0025008320 scopus 로고
    • A consensus combined P-value test and the family-wide significance of component tests
    • Rice WR. A consensus combined P-value test and the family-wide significance of component tests. Biometrics 1990; 46: 303–8.
    • (1990) Biometrics , vol.46 , pp. 303-308
    • Rice, W.R.1
  • 49
  • 50
    • 0025997295 scopus 로고
    • Interobserver reliability between neurologists in training of Parkinson's disease rating scales: a multicenter study
    • Geminiani G, Cesana BM, Tamma F, et al. Interobserver reliability between neurologists in training of Parkinson's disease rating scales: a multicenter study. Mov Disord 1991; 6: 330–5.
    • (1991) Mov Disord , vol.6 , pp. 330-335
    • Geminiani, G.1    Cesana, B.M.2    Tamma, F.3
  • 51
    • 0025353139 scopus 로고
    • The selective viability of human foetal brain cells
    • Detta A, Hitchcock E. The selective viability of human foetal brain cells. Brain Res 1990; 520: 277–83.
    • (1990) Brain Res , vol.520 , pp. 277-283
    • Detta, A.1    Hitchcock, E.2
  • 52
    • 0025003032 scopus 로고
    • Redmond DE Jr
    • Improvements in MPTP-induced object retrieval deficits and behavioral deficits after fetal nigral grafting in monkeys. In: Dunnett SB, Richards S-J, eds. Neural transplantation: from molecular basis to clinical applications. of Progress in brain research. Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Taylor JR, Elsworth JD, Roth RH, Collier TJ, Sladek JR Jr, Redmond DE Jr. Improvements in MPTP-induced object retrieval deficits and behavioral deficits after fetal nigral grafting in monkeys. In: Dunnett SB, Richards S-J, eds. Neural transplantation: from molecular basis to clinical applications. Vol. 82 of Progress in brain research. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1990:543–59.
    • (1990) , vol.82 , pp. 543-559
    • Taylor, J.R.1    Elsworth, J.D.2    Roth, R.H.3    Collier, T.J.4    Sladek, J.R.5
  • 53
    • 0025913348 scopus 로고
    • Grafting of fetal substantia nigra to striatum reverses behavioral deficits induced by MPTP in primates: a comparison with other types of grafts as controls
    • Taylor JR, Elsworth JD, Roth RH, Sladek JR Jr, Collier TJ, Redmond DE Jr. Grafting of fetal substantia nigra to striatum reverses behavioral deficits induced by MPTP in primates: a comparison with other types of grafts as controls. Exp Brain Res 1991; 85: 335–48.
    • (1991) Exp Brain Res , vol.85 , pp. 335-348
    • Taylor, J.R.1    Elsworth, J.D.2    Roth, R.H.3    Sladek, J.R.4    Collier, T.J.5    Redmond, D.E.6
  • 54
    • 0024519108 scopus 로고
    • Implantation of tissue into the brain: an immunologic perspective
    • Gill TJ III, Lund RD. Implantation of tissue into the brain: an immunologic perspective. JAMA 1989; 261: 2674–6.
    • (1989) JAMA , vol.261 , pp. 2674-2676
    • Gill, T.J.1    Lund, R.D.2
  • 56
    • 0024562591 scopus 로고
    • Immunological considerations in neural transplantation
    • Lund RD, Rao K, Kunz HW. Gill TJ III. Immunological considerations in neural transplantation. Transplant Proc 1989; 21: 3159–62.
    • (1989) Transplant Proc , vol.21 , pp. 3159-3162
    • Lund, R.D.1    Rao, K.2    Kunz, H.W.3    Gill, T.J.4
  • 57
    • 0023737839 scopus 로고
    • Immunological aspects of grafting in the mammalian central nervous system: a review and speculative synthesis
    • Widner H, Brundin P. Immunological aspects of grafting in the mammalian central nervous system: a review and speculative synthesis. Brain Res 1988; 472: 287–324.
    • (1988) Brain Res , vol.472 , pp. 287-324
    • Widner, H.1    Brundin, P.2
  • 58
    • 0024362054 scopus 로고
    • Human fetal dopamine neurons grafted into the striatum in two patients with severe Parkinson's disease: a detailed account of methodology and a 6-month follow-up
    • Lindvall O, Rehncrona S, Brundin P, et al. Human fetal dopamine neurons grafted into the striatum in two patients with severe Parkinson's disease: a detailed account of methodology and a 6-month follow-up. Arch Neurol 1989; 46: 615–31.
    • (1989) Arch Neurol , vol.46 , pp. 615-631
    • Lindvall, O.1    Rehncrona, S.2    Brundin, P.3
  • 59
    • 0026354603 scopus 로고
    • Implantation of human fetal ventral mesencephalon to the right caudate nucleus in advanced Parkinson's disease
    • Henderson BTH, Clough CG, Hughes RC, Hitchcock ER, Kenny BG. Implantation of human fetal ventral mesencephalon to the right caudate nucleus in advanced Parkinson's disease. Arch Neurol 1991; 48: 822–7.
    • (1991) Arch Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 822-827
    • Henderson, B.T.H.1    Clough, C.G.2    Hughes, R.C.3    Hitchcock, E.R.4    Kenny, B.G.5
  • 60
    • 0025702616 scopus 로고
    • Fetal brain grafts and Parkinson's disease
    • Freed WJ. Fetal brain grafts and Parkinson's disease. Science 1990; 250: 1434.
    • (1990) Science , vol.250 , pp. 1434
    • Freed, W.J.1
  • 61
    • 0025245453 scopus 로고
    • Chronic levodopa impairs morphological development of grafted embryonic dopamine neurons
    • Steece-Collier K, Collier TJ, Sladek CD, Sladek JR Jr. Chronic levodopa impairs morphological development of grafted embryonic dopamine neurons. Exp Neurol 1990; 110: 201–8.
    • (1990) Exp Neurol , vol.110 , pp. 201-208
    • Steece-Collier, K.1    Collier, T.J.2    Sladek, C.D.3    Sladek, J.R.4
  • 62
    • 0002503135 scopus 로고
    • Midbrain dopaminergic systems: neurophysiology and electrophysiological pharmacology
    • In: Meltzer HY, ed. Psychopharmacology: the third generation of progress. New York: Raven Press
    • Bunney BS, Sesack SR, Silva NL. Midbrain dopaminergic systems: neurophysiology and electrophysiological pharmacology. In: Meltzer HY, ed. Psychopharmacology: the third generation of progress. New York: Raven Press, 1987:113–26.
    • (1987) , pp. 113-126
    • Bunney, B.S.1    Sesack, S.R.2    Silva, N.L.3
  • 63
    • 0025321039 scopus 로고
    • Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substrates of parallel processing
    • Alexander GE, Crutcher MD. Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substrates of parallel processing. Trends Neurosci 1990; 13: 266–71.
    • (1990) Trends Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 266-271
    • Alexander, G.E.1    Crutcher, M.D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.