Agraphia in dementia of the alzheimer type

Archives of Neurology

Volumn 49, Issue 11, 1992, Pages 1151-1156

  Labarge, Emily ^a   Smith, Deborah S ^a   Dick, Leah ^a   Storandt, Martha ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGED; AGING; AGRAPHIA; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMENTIA; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE SEVERITY; HUMAN; LANGUAGE ABILITY; LONG TERM MEMORY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOMETRY; WRITING;

AGED; AGRAPHIA; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; HUMAN; SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S.;

EID: 0026445616     PISSN: 00039942     EISSN: 15383687     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1992.00530350065021     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Benson DF. Aphasia, Alexia, and Agraphia. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone Inc; 1979.
2. Head H. Aphasia and Kindred Disorders of Speech. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 1926.
3. Leischner A. The agraphias. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW, eds. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: North Holland Publishing Co; 1969;4:141-180.
4. Roeltgen D. Agraphia. Heilman K, Valenstein E, eds. In: Clinical Neuropsychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Inc; 1985:75-96.
5. Ogle JW. Aphasia and agraphia. In: Report of the Medical Research Counsel of Saint George's Hospital. 1867;2:83-122.
6. Chedru F, Geschwind N. Writing disturbances in acute confusional states. Neuropsychologia. 1972;10:343-353.
7. Cummings JL, Benson DF, Hill MA, Read S. Aphasia in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neurology. 1985;35:394-397.
8. Knesevich JW, LaBarge E, Edwards D. Predictive value of the Boston Naming Test in mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Psychiatry Res. 1986;19:155-161.
9. Faber-Langendoen K, Morris JC, Knesevich JW, LaBarge E, Miller JP, Berg L. Aphasia in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Ann Neurol. 1988;23:365-370.
10. Huff FJ, Growdon JH. Neurological abnormalities associated with severity of dementia in Alzheimer's disease. Can J Neurol Sci. 1986;13 (suppl):403-405.
11. Neils J, Boiler F, Gerdeman B, Cole M. Descriptive writing abilities in Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1989;11:692-698.
12. Horner J, Heyman A, Dawson D, Rogers H. The relationship of agraphia to the severity of dementia in Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol. 1988;45:760-763.
13. Henderson VW, Buckwalter JG, Sobel E, Freed DM, Diz MM. The agraphia of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1992;42:776-784.
14. Goldstein K. Language and Language Disturbances. New York, NY: Grune & Stratton; 1948.
15. Kemper S, LaBarge E, Ferraro R, Cheung H, Cheung H, Storandt M. On the preservation of syntax in Alzheimer's disease: evidence from written sentences. Arch Neurol. In press.
16. Berg L, Hughes CP, Coben LA, Danziger WL, Martin RL, Knesevich JW. Mild senile dementia of Alzheimer type: research diagnostic criteria, recruitment, and description of a study population. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1982;45:962-968.
17. Berg L. Clinical dementia rating (CDR). Psychopharm Bull. 1988;24:637-639.
18. Hughes CP, Berg L, Danziger WL, Coben LA, Martin RL. A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia. Br J Psychiatry. 1982;140:566-572.
19. Burke WJ, Miller JP, Rubin E, et al. Reliability of the Washington University Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Arch Neurol. 1988;45:31-32.
20. Morris JC, McKeel DW Jr, Fulling K, Torack RM, Berg L. Validation of clinical diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol. 1988;24:17-22.
21. Berg L, Smith DS, Morris JC, et al. Mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, III: longitudinal and cross-sectional assessment. Ann Neurol. 1990;28:648-652.
22. Morris JC, McKeel DW Jr, Storandt M, et al. Very mild Alzheimer's disease: informant-based clinical, psychometric, and pathologic distinction from normal aging. Neurology. 1991;41:469-478.
23. Rubin EH, Morris JC, Grant EA, Vendegna T. Very mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, I: clinical assessment. Arch Neurol. 1989;46:379-382.
24. Storandt M, Botwinick J, Danziger WL, Berg L, Hughes CP. Psychometric differentiation of mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Arch Neurol. 1984;41:497-499.
25. Morris JC, VanBelle G, Heyman A, et al. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), I: clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1989;39:1159-1165.
26. Folstein M, Folstein S, McHugh P. Mini-Mental State: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatry Res. 1975;12:189-198.
27. Galasko D, Klauber GD, Hofstetter R, Salmon DP, Lasker B, Thal LJ. The Mini-Mental State Examination in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol. 1990;47:49-52.
28. Botwinick J, Storandt M, Berg L. A longitudinal behavioral study of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Arch Neurol. 1986;43:1124-1127.
29. Storandt M, Hill RD. Very mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, II: psychometric test performance. Arch Neurol. 1989;46:383-386.
30. Goodglass H, Kaplan E. Boston Naming Test Scoring Booklet. Philadelphia, Pa: Lea & Febiger; 1983.
31. Thurstone LE, Thurstone TG. Examiner Manual for the SRA Primary Mental Abilities Test. Chicago, Ill: Science Research Associates; 1949.
32. Benton AL. The Revised Visual Retention Test: Clinical and Experimental Applications. New York, NY: Psychological Corp; 1974.
33. Botwinick J, Storandt M. Speed functions, vocabulary ability, and age. Percept Mot Skills. 1973;36:1123-1128.
34. Wechsler D. Manual: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. New York, NY: Psychological Corp; 1955.
35. Goodglass H, Kaplan E. The Assessment of Aphasia and Related Disorders. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lea & Febiger; 1983.
36. Berg L, Danziger W, Storandt M, et al. Predictive features in mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neurology. 1984;34:563-569.
37. Kertesz A. Western Aphasia Battery Test Manual. New York, NY: Grune & Stratton; 1982.
38. Barbe WB, Lucas VH, Wasylyk TM, Hackney CS, Braun LA. Zaner-Bloser Handwriting Basic Skills and Application. Columbus, Ohio: Zaner-Bloser Inc; 1989.
39. Gourdie T. A Guide to Better Handwriting. New York, NY: The Viking Press; 1967:46.
40. Spitznagel EL, Heizer JE. A proposed solution to the base rate problem in the kappa statistic. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985;42:725-728.
41. Mehta CR, Patel NR. A network algorithm for performing Fisher's exact test in r x c contingency tables. J Am Stat Assoc. 1983;78:427-434.
42. Marascuilo LA, McSweeney M. Nonparametric and Distribution-Free Methods for the Social Sciences. Monterey, Calif: Brooks/Cole Publishing Co; 1977.
43. Hollingshead AB. Two Factor Index of Social Position. New Haven, Conn: Hollingshead AB; 1957.
44. Francis WN, Kucera H. Frequency Analysis of English Usage:Lexicon and Grammar. Boston, Mass: Houghton Mifflin Co; 1982.
45. Squire LR. Mechanisms of memory. Science. 1986;232:1612-1619.
46. Squire LR. Divisions of long-term memory. In: Memory and Brain. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Inc; 1987.
47. Squire LR, Cohen NJ. Human memory and amnesia. In: Lynch G, McGaugh JL, Weinberger NM, eds. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 1984.
48. Bondi MW, Kaszniak AW. Implicit and explicit memory in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1991;13:339-358.
49. Glosser G, Kaplan E. Linguistic and nonlinguistic impairments in writing: A comparison of patients with focal and multifocal CNS disorders. Brain Lang. 1989;37:357-380.
50. Hansen AM, McNeil MR. Differences between writing with the dominant and nondominant hand by normal geriatric subjects on a spontaneous writing task: 20 perceptual and computerized measures. Clin Aphasiol. 1986;16:116-122.