The decline of working memory in alzheimer's disease: A longitudinal study

Brain

Volumn 114, Issue 6, 1991, Pages 2521-2542

  Baddeley, A D ^a   Bressi, S ^b   Della Sala, S ^c   Logie, R ^d   Spinnler, H ^b  

^a MRC COGNITION AND BRAIN SCIENCES UNIT   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^c St Paolo Hospital   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MEMORY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TASK PERFORMANCE; WORD RECOGNITION;

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MEMORY DISORDERS; MIDDLE AGE; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE;

EID: 0026327462     PISSN: 00068950     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/brain/114.6.2521     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. American Psychiatric Association (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-III-R. Third edition-Revised. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, pp. 103-123
2. Baddeley AD (1986) Working Memory. Oxford: Clarendon Press
3. Baddeley AD (1990) Human Memory: Theory and Practice. London: Lawrence Erlbaum
4. Baddeley AD, Warrington EK (1970) Amnesia and the distinction between long- and short-term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 9, 176-189
5. Baddeley AD, Hitch GJ (1974) Working memory. In: Recent Advances in Learning and Motivation, Volume IB. Edited by G. Bower. London: Academic Press, pp. 47-90
6. Baddeley AD, Lieberman K (1980) Spatial working memory. In. Attention and Performance Vlll. Edited by R. S. Nickerson. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 521-539
7. Baddeley A, Lewis V, Eldridge M, Thomson N (1984) Attention and retrieval from long-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 113, 518-540
8. Baddeley A, Logie R, Bressi S, Della Sala S, Spinnler H (1986) Dementia and working memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38A, 603-618
9. Baddeley AD, Wilson B (1988) Frontal amnesia and the dysexecutive syndrome. Brain and Cognition, 7, 212-230
10. Baddeley A, Della Sala S, Spinnler H (1991) The two-component hypothesis of memory deficit in Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 13, 372-380
11. Battig WF, Montague WE (1969) Category norms for verbal items in 56 categories: a replication and extension of the Connecticut Category Norms. Journal of Experimental Psychology Monograph, 80, Number 3, Part 2, 1-46
12. Becker JT (1988) Working memory and secondary memory deficits in Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 10, 739-753
13. Benton AL, Van Allen MW, Fogel ML (1964) Temporal orientation in cerebral disease. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 139, 110-119
14. Butters N, Stuss AT (1989) Diencephalic amnesia. In: Handbook of Neuropsychology, Volume 3. Edited by F. Boiler and J. Grafman. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 107-148
15. Canter GJ, de La Torre R, Mier M (1961) A method for evaluating disability in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 133, 143-147
16. Capttani E, Della Sala S, Spinnler H (1986) Neuropsychological approach to dementia. In: Neurology. Edited by K. Poeck, H. J. Freund and H. Gaensehirt. Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 61-69
17. Chertkow H, Bub D (1990) Semantic memory loss in dementia of Alzheimer’s type: what do various measures measure? Brain, 113, 397-417
18. Corkin S (1982) Some relationships between global amnesias and the memory impairments in Alzheimer’s disease. In: Alzheimer’s Disease: A Report of Progress in Research. Edited by S. Corkin, K. L. Davis, J. H. Growdon, E. Usdin and R. J. Wurtman. New York: Raven Press, pp. 149-164
19. Cossa FM, Della Sala S, Spinnler H (1989) Selective visual attention in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s patients: memory- and data-driven control. Neuropsychologia, 27, 887-892
20. Craik F1M (1984) Age differences in remembering. In: Neuropsychology of Memory. Edited by L. R. Squire and N. Butters. New York and London: Guilford Press, pp. 3-12
21. Dall’Ora P, Della Sala S, Spinnler H (1989) Autobiographical memory. Its impairment in amnesic. syndromes. Cortex, 25, 197-217
22. de Leon MJ, George AE (1983) Computed tomography in aging and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Advances in Neurology, 38, 103-122
23. Della Sala S, Nespoli A, Ronchetti E, Spinnler H (1984) Does chronic liver failure lead to chronic mental impairment? In: Advances in Hepatic Encephalopathy and Urea Cycle Diseases. Basel: Karger, pp. 448-456
24. Della Sala S, Nichelu P, Spinnler H (1986) An Italian series of patients with organic dementia. Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 7, 27-41
25. De Renzi E, Faglioni P (1978) Normative data and screening power of a shortened version of the Token Test. Cortex, 14, 41-49
26. Eslinger PJ, Damasio H, Graff-Radford N, Damasio AR (1984) Examining the relationship between computed tomography and neuropsychological measures in normal and demented elderly. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 47, 1319-1325
27. Farmer EW, Berman JVF, Fletcher YL (1986) Evidence for a visuo-spatial scratch-pad in working memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38A, 675-688
28. Gick ML, Craik FIM, Morris RG (1988) Task complexity and age differences in working memory. Memory and Cognition, 16, 353-361
29. Goldberg E, Bilder RM (1987) The frontal lobes and hierarchical organization of cognitive control. In: The Frontal Lobes Revisited. Edited by E. Perecman. New York: IRBN Press, pp. 159-187
30. Hunt E, Lansman M (1982) Individual differences in attention. In: Advances in the Psychology of Human Intelligence, Volume 1. Edited by R. J. Sternberg. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 207-254
31. Jorm AF (1986) Controlled and automatic information processing in senile dementia: a review. Psychological Medicine, 16, 77-88
32. Kahneman D (1973) Attention and Effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
33. Kopelman MD (1985) Rates of forgetting in Alzheimer-type dementia and Korsakoffs syndrome. Neuropsychologia, 23, 623-638
34. Kopelman MD (1989) Remote and autobiographical memory, temporal context memory and frontal atrophy in Korsakoff and Alzheimer patients. Neuropsychologia, 27, 437-460
35. Light LL, Anderson PA (1985) Working-memory capacity, age, and memory for discourse. Journal of Gerontology, 40, 737-747
36. Logie RH, Zucco GM, Baddeley AD (1990) Interference with visual short-term memory. Acta Psychologica, 75, 55-74
37. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM (1984) Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, Cleveland, 34, 939-944
38. Martin A, Brouwers P, Lalonde F, Cox C, Teleska P, Fedio P et at. (1986) Towards a behavioral typology of Alzheimer’s patients. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 8, 594-610
39. Miller E (1973) Short- and long-term memory in patients with presenile dementia (Alzheimer’s disease). Psychological Medicine, 3, 221-224
40. Miller E (1977) Abnormal Ageing: The Psychology of Senile and Presenile Dementia. London: John Wiley
41. Milner B (1966) Amnesia following operation on the temporal lobes. In: Amnesia. Edited by W. M. Whitty and O. L. Zangwill. London: Butterworths, pp. 109-133
42. Morris RG (1984) Dementia and the functioning of the articulatory loop system. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 1, 143-157
43. Morris RG (1986) Short-term forgetting in senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 3, 77-97
44. Morris RG, Baddeley AD (1988) Primary and working memory functioning in Alzheimer-type dementia. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 10, 219-296
45. Morris RG, Gick ML, Craik FIM (1988) Processing resources and age differences in working memory. Memory and Cognition, 16, 362-366
46. Morris RG, Craik FIM, Gick ML (1990) Age differences in working memory tasks: the role of secondary memory and the central executive system. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 42A, 67-86
47. Murdock BB (1965) Effects of a subsidiary task on short-term memory. British Journal of Psychology, 56, 413-419
48. Naugle RI, Bigler ED (1989) Brain imaging and neuropsychological identification of dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. In: Neuropsychological Function and Brain Imaging. Edited by E. D. Bigler, R. A. Yeo and E. Turkheimer. New York and London: Plenum Press, pp. 185-218
49. Navon D, Gopher D (1979) On the economy of the human-processing system. Psychological Review, 86, 214-255
50. Norman DA, Shallice T (1980) Attention to Action: Willed and Automatic Control of Behavior. CHIP Report 99. San Diego: University of California
51. Norman DA, Shallice T (1986) Attention and action: willed and automatic control of behavior. In: Consciousness and Self regulation, Volume 4. Edited by R. J. Davidson, G. E. Schwartz and Shapiro. New York and London: Plenum Press, pp. 1-18
52. Raven JC (1938) Standard Progressive Matrices. Sets A, B, C, D. London: H. K. Lewis
53. Schneider W, Shiffrin RM (1977) Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review, 84, 1-66
54. Shallice T (1982) Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 298, 199-209
55. Shallice T (1988) From Neuropsychology to Mental Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
56. Shallice T, Burgess PW, Schon F, Baxter DM (1989) The origins of utilization behaviour. Brain, 112, 1587-1598
57. Spinnler H (1991) The role of attention disorders in the cognitive breakdown of dementia. In: Handbook of Neuropsychology, Elsevier. In press
58. Spinnler H, Tognoni G (1987) Taratura e standardizzazione italiana di test neuropsicologici. Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 8, Supplement 8, 8-120
59. Spinnler H, Della Sala S (1988) The role of clinical neuropsychology in the neurological diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Neurology, 235, 258-271
60. Spinnler H, Della Sala S, Bandera R, Baddeley A (1988) Dementia, ageing, and the structure of human memory. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 5, 193-211
61. Street RF (1931) A Gestalt Completion Test. New York: Teachers’ College Press
62. Stuss AT, Benson DF (1987) The frontal lobes and control of cognition and memory. In: The Frontal Lobe Revisited. Edited by E. Perecman. New York: IRBN Press, pp. 141-158
63. Vallar G, Shallice T (1990) Neuropsychological Impairments of Short-term Memory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
64. Warrington EK (1982) The double dissociation of short- and long-term memory deficits. In: Human Memory and Amnesia. Edited by L. S. Cermak. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 61-76
65. Warrington EK, Weiskrantz L (1970) Amnesic syndrome: consolidation or retrieval? Nature, London, 228, 628-630
66. Wickens CD (1984) Processing resources in attention. In: Varieties of Attention. Edited by R. Parasuraman and D. R. Davies. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, pp. 63-102
67. Wilcock GK, Hope RA, Brooks DN, Lantos PL, Oppenheimer C, Reynolds GP et al. (1989) Recommended minimum data to be collected in research studies on Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 52, 693-700
68. Wilson BW, Baddeley AD (1988) Semantic, episodic and autobiographical memory in a postmeningitic patient. Brain and Cognition, 8, 31-46
69. Wilson RS, Bacon LD, Fox JH, Kaszniak AW (1983) Primary memory and secondary memory in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 5, 337-344
70. Wright RE (1981) Aging, divided attention, and processing capacity. Journal of Gerontology, 36, 605-614
71. Yntema DB (1963) Keeping track of several things at once. Human Factors, 5, 7-17
72. Zangwill OL (1946) Some qualitative observations on verbal memory in cases of cerebral lesion. British Journal of Psychology, 37, 8-19