The hazard assessment of pulp and paper effluents in the aquatic environment: A review

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

Volumn 10, Issue 12, 1991, Pages 1511-1540

  Owens, James William ^a  

^a PROCTER AND GAMBLE COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

Hazard assessment; Organochlorines; Paper; Pulp

Indexed keywords

CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON;

EFFLUENT TOXICITY; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; NONHUMAN; PAPER; PULP MILL; REVIEW; WATER POLLUTION;

EID: 0026320354     PISSN: 07307268     EISSN: 15528618     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620101202     Document Type: Review

References (268)

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2. Biological markers of environmental contamination
3. Environmental care at pulp mills, results and expectations
4. Wastewater characteristics
5. Organic halide and organic carbon distribution and removal in a pulp and paper wastewater lagoon
6. Seasonal and inmill aspects of organic halide removal by an aerated stabilization basin treating a kraft mill wastewater
7. Chlorinated organic compounds in effluent treatment at kraft mills
8. Organochlorine discharges in wastewaters from kraft mill bleach plants
9. Kraft mill bleach plant effluents Recent developments aimed at decreasing their environmental impact. Part 1
10. Kraft mill bleach plant effluents Recent developments aimed at decreasing their environmental impact. Part 2
11. Approaches to minimize the formation of AOX in kraft pulp bleaching
12. Substituting chlorine dioxide for chlorine
13. Chlorinated organics in kraft bleachery effluents
14. Spent liquors from pulp bleaching
15. Determination of total organic chlorine in spent bleach liquors
16. Comparison of two methods for the determination of total organic halogen (TOX) in receiving waters
17. Chlorinated organic matter in bleached chemical pulp production Part II. Measurement techniques for effluents
18. Zellstoffbleiche und Umweltschutz—Wie soll es weitergehen?
19. Characterization of spent bleaching liquors. Part 1. Spent liquors from the chlorine and alkali extraction stages in the prebleaching of pine kraft pulp
20. Characterization of spent bleaching liquors. Part 2. Different sequences from prebleaching of pine and birch kraft pulp
21. Characterization of spent bleaching liquors. Part 1. Ultrafiltration of effluents from conventional and oxygen bleaching sequence
22. Characterization of spent bleaching liquors. Part 2. Composition of material dissolved during chlormation (CEH sequence)
23. Characterization of spent bleaching liquors. Part 3. Composition of material dissolved during alkali extraction (CEH sequence)
24. Characterization of spent bleaching liquors. Part 6. Composition of material dissolved during chlorination and alkali extraction (OCE sequence)
25. Influence of chlorine ratio and oxygen bleaching on the formation of PCDFs and PCDDs in pulp bleaching. Part 1. A laboratory study
26. The influence of chlorine ratio and oxygen bleaching on the formation of PCDFs and PCDDs in pulp bleaching. Part 1. A mill study
27. Some new insights into the origins of dioxins formed during chemical pulp bleaching
28. Split addition of chlorine and pH control for reducing formation of dioxins
29. Structure and reactivity of chlorolignin II. Alkaline hydrolysis of chlorinated kraft pulp
30. Chlorinated organic matter in bleached chemical pulp production. The effect of chlorination stage variables on chlorinated organic matter in effluent
31. Characterization of the high molecular mass chlorinated matter in spent bleach liquors (SBL). Part 1. Alkaline SBL
32. Characterization of the high molecular mass chlorinated matter in spent bleach liquors (SBL). Part 2. Acidic SBL
33. Characterization of the high molecular mass chlorinated matter in spent bleach liquors (SBL). Part 3. Mass spectrometric interpretation of aromatic degradation products in SBL
34. High molar mass lignin in bleached kraft pulp mill effluents
35. Phenolic and chlorophenolic oligomers in chlorinated pine kraft pulp and in bleach plant effluents
36. Can pulp mill effluent toxicity be estimated from chemical analyses?
37. Current approaches to developing sediment quality criteria
38. Elimination of the mutagenicity of bleach plant effluents
39. Mutagenic properties of bleach plant effluents. Present state of knowledge
40. Studies on the mutagenic properties of bleaching effluents
41. Is the mutagenic activity of bleach plant effluents persistent in the environment?
42. Studies on the mutagenic properties of bleaching effluents. Part 2
43. pH stability of some mutagens produced by aqueous chlormation of organic compounds
44. The effects of the pulp and paper industry on the aquatic environment
45. Marine pollution effects of pulp and paper industry wastes
46. Macroben thic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment
47. Effects of solid wood wastes on marine benthic organisms and habitats
48. Water pollution studies in the River Otra, Norway. Effects of pulp and paper mill wastes on fish
49. The effect of kraft paper mill effluents on insects inhabiting the St. Francis River near East Angus, Quebec
50. Assessment of industrial pollution by means of ben thic macrofauna surveys along the Swedish Baltic coast
51. Some water pollution problems connected with the disposal of pulp mill wastes
52. The Loch Eil project Introduction and rationale
53. The Loch Eil project. Assessment and synthesis with a discussion of certain biological questions arising from a study of the organic pollution of sediments
54. Assessment of degree of pollution on the basis of macrozoobenthos in marine and brackish water environments
55. A comparative study of the effects on the marine environment of wastes from cellulose industries in Scotland and Sweden
56. Benthic faunal recovery in a Swedish fjord following the closure of a sulphite pulp mill
57. Succession in benthic macrofauna in a Swedish fjord subsequent to the closure of a sulphite pulp mill
58. The environmental impact of paper mill waste discharges to the Swale
59. Pulp and paper mill waste pollution in the Swale, a tidal channel on the east coast of England
60. The environmental impact of paper mill waste discharges to the upper Medway estuary, Kent, England
61. Effects of pulp mill effluent on phytoplankton production in coastal marine waters of British Columbia
62. Inverkan as skogs industriella utslapp pa vaxtplanktons fotosyntes och tillvaxt
63. Effect of a pulp and paper mill effluent on the productivity of periphyton and phytoplankton
64. On the effects of eutrophication on Lake Paijanne, central Finland
65. Productivity responses of periphyton and phytoplankton to bleach‐kraft mill effluent
66. The benthic ecology of Loch Linnhe and Loch Eil, a sea loch system on the west coast of Scotland I. The physical environment and distribution of the macrobenthic fauna
67. Studies on the ecology of the macrobenthic fauna of Loch Linnhe and Loch Eil, west coast of Scotland II. Analysis of the macroben thic fauna by comparison of feeding groups
68. The benthic ecology of Loch Linnhe and Loch Eil, a sea loch system on the west coast of Scotland III. The effect on the benthic fauna of the introduction of pulp mill effluent
69. The benthic ecology of Loch Linnhe and Loch Eil, a sea loch system on the west coast of Scotland IV. Changes in the benthic fauna attributable to organic enrichment
70. Assessment of pollution history from recent sediments in Lake Vanajavesi, southern Finland I Selection of representative profiles, their dating, and chemostratigraphy
71. Assessment of pollution history from recent sediments in Lake Vanajavesi, southern Finland II. Changes in the Chironomidae, Chaoboridae and Ceratopogomdae (Diptera) fauna
72. Analysis of a pulp and paper mill plume
73. Persistence of dissolved organic compounds in kraft pulp and paper mill effluent plumes
74. Concentration pattern of chemical constituents in a paper mill's effluent plume. Dynamics and model
75. Filtering rate performance for Daphnia retrocurva in pulp mill effluent
76. Assessment of the acute toxicity, growth impairment, and flesh tainting potential of a bleached kraft mill effluent on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)
77. Pollution and aquatic flora of waters by sulphite cellulose factory at Mantta, Finnish lake district
78. Effects of pollution on estuarine ecosystem I. Effects of effluents from wood‐ processing industries on the hydrography, bottom and fauna of Saltkallefjord (W. Sweden)
79. Recovery of the littoral fauna in Saltkallefjord subsequent to discontinued operations of a sulphite pulp mill
80. Benthic faunal dynamics during succession following pollution abatement in a Swedish estuary
81. The zoobenthos of Lake Paijanne and its relations to some environmental factors
82. Zooplankton in a watercourse polluted by a sulphite pulp mill
83. Zooplankton species as indicators of environment
84. Extent of effluent influence on lake water determined by bacterial population distributions
85. Relation between Nipigon Bay benthic macroinvertebrates and selected aspects of their habitat
86. Density, distribution, and movement of Nipigon Bay fishes in relation to a pulp and paper mill effluent
87. The Loch Eil project. The bacterial flora and heterotrophic nitrogen fixation in sediments of Loch Eil
88. The Loch Eil project Population characteristics of cihate protozoans from organically enriched sea loch sediments
89. The Loch Eil project Cellulose‐degrading bacteria in the sediments of Loch Eil and the Lynn of Lorne
90. The Loch Eil project. Population fluctuations in the macrobenthos
91. The benthic ecology of Loch Linnhe and Loch Eil, a sea‐loch system on the west coast of Scotland V. Biology of the dominant soft bottom epifauna and their interaction with the infauna
92. The effect of treated pulping effluent on a river and lake ecosystem
93. Effect of pulp mill effluent on the surficial sediments of western Nipigon Bay, Lake Superior
94. Distribution of dehydroabietic acid in sediments adjacent to a kraft pulp and paper mill
95. Pulp and paper mill effluent in a freshwater environment
96. The Loch Eil project Sediment chemistry, sedimentation, and the chemistry of the overlying water in Loch Eil
97. The Loch Eil Project. Effect of organic matter input on interstitial water chemistry of Loch Eil sediments
98. Changes in the macrozoobenthos associations of polluted Lake Vanajavesi, southern Finland, over a period of 50 years
99. Effect of the paper industry on water quality of the lower Fox River
100. Effects of bleached kraft mill effluent on freshwater fish. A Canadian perspective
101. Biochemistry/physiology
102. Separation of resin acids from fatty acids in relation to environmental studies
103. Bioaccumulation in fish of chlorinated phenols from kraft pulp mill bleachery effluents
104. Kinetics of chloroguaiacols and other chlorinated phenolic derivatives in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnert)
105. Assessment of water contamination by chlorophenolics and resin acids with the aid of fish bile metabolites
106. Contamination of fish by 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo p‐dioxin. A survey of fish from major watersheds in the United States
107. Levels, trends, and patterns of PCDDS and PCDFs in Scandinavian environmental samples
108. 2,3,7,8 Tetrachlorodibenzo p‐dioxin metabolism and disposition in yellow perch
109. Metabolism and disposition of 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo‐p dioxin in rainbow trout
110. Environmental impact of organochlorine compounds discharged from the pulp and paper industry
111. Determination of the inorganic chloride contribution to the extractable, organically bound chlorine in fish
112. Chlorinated organics in shellfish from coastal waters
113. Toxicity and bioaccumulation of AOX and EOX
114. On the identity of chlorinated organic substances in aquatic organisms and sediments
115. Ecotoxicological aspects of pulp and paper mill effluents discharged to an inland water system. Distribution in water, and toxicant residues and physiological effects in caged fish. (Salmo gairdnert)
116. Distribution in a recipient lake and bioaccumulation in fish of resin acids from kraft pulp mill waste waters
117. Metabolites of xenobiotics in the bile of fish in waterways polluted by pulpmill effluents
118. Tracing of xenobiotic contamination in water with the aid of fish bile metabolites. A field study with caged rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)
119. Biotransformation and other physiological responses in whitefish caged in a lake receiving pulp and paper mill effluents
120. Biotransformation and other toxicological physiological responses in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) caged in a lake receiving effluents of pulp and paper industry
121. Biotransformation activities of feral fish in waters receiving bleached pulp mill effluents
122. Free and conjugated resin acids in the bile of rainbow trout
123. Chlorinated phenolics and their conjugates in the bile of trout (Salmo gairdneri). exposed to contaminated waters
124. The interaction of treated bleached kraft mill effluent and dissolved oxygen concentration on the survival of the developmental stages of the sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon va riegatus)
125. Effects of treated bleached kraft mill effluent on eggs and prolarvae of striped bass (Morone saxatilis)
126. An evaluation of the potential toxicity of treated bleached kraft mill effluent to striped bass (Morone saxatilis Walbaum) larvae exposed through metamorphosis to the juvenile stage
127. Impact of pulp and paper mill effluent on egg hatchability of pike (Esoxlucius L.)
128. The viviparous bleny as an indicator of environmental effects of harmful substances
129. Survival, growth, and disease of three‐spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., brood exposed to bleached kraft mill effluents (BKME) in mesocosms
130. Influence of a pulp and paper mill effluent on aspects of distribution, survival and feeding of Nipigon Bay, Lake Superior, larval fish
131. Effects of pulp mill effluents on the changes of fish stocks in Lake Paijanne
132. Impact of bleached kraft mill effluent on liver MFO activity, serum steroids, and population characteristics of a Lake Superior white sucker population
133. Effects of pulp mill effluents on vertebrae of fourhorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus quadricornis, bleak, Alburnus alburnus, and perch, Perca fluviatilis
134. Effects of pulp mill effluents on skeletal parameters in fish — A progress report
135. Multivariate data analysis of gas chromatographic profiles of extracts of fourhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) exposed to pulp bleach effluents
136. Sublethal effects of kraft pulp mill waste water on the perch, Perca fluviatilis, studied by rotary flow and histological techniques
137. Tissue damage and parasite frequency in flounders, Platichtys flesus. (L.), chronically exposed to bleached kraft pulp mill effluents
138. Histopathology of rainbow trout exposed to a bleached kraft mill effluent
139. Acute hyperbihrubinaemia in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). caused by resin acids
140. Growth stimulation and biochemical changes in juvenile cohosalmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). exposed to bleached kraft pulp mill effluent for 200 days
141. Effects of acute exposure to bleached kraft pulp mill effluent on carbohydrate metabolism of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during rest and exercise
142. Stress and chronic effects of untreated and treated bleached kraft pulp mill effluent on the biochemistry and stamina of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
143. Leucocrit: A simple hematological technique for measuring acute stress in salmonid fish, including stressful concentrations of pulpmill effluent
144. Physiological responses of rainbow trout in a pulp and paper mill recipient during four seasons
145. Sublethal effects of chlorinated phenols and resin acids on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnei)
146. Sublethal actions of simulated kraft pulp mill effluents (KME) in Salmo gairdneri. Residues of toxicants and effects on blood and liver
147. Toxicological effects of dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) on the trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, in fresh water
148. Subchronic metabolic effects and toxicity of a simulated pulp mill effluent on juvenile lake trout, Salmo trutta m lacustrix
149. Responses of biotransformation enzymes in fish liver. Experiments with pulpmill effluents and their components
150. Effects of ortho‐ and non ortho substituted polychlorinated biphenyl congeners on the hepatic monooxygenase system in scup (Stenotomus chrysops)
151. Induction of cytochrome P‐450E (P‐450IA1) by 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,7,8‐TCDF) in the marine fish scup (Stenotomus chrysops)
152. Physiological effects in fish exposed to effluents from mills with six different bleaching processes
153. Observations on overwintering juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to bleached kraft mill effluent in the upper Fraser River, British Columbia
154. Bioconcentration of chlorophenols by juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) overwintering in the upper Fraser River Field and laboratory studies
155. Cytochrome P 450 isozymes and monooxygenase activity in aquatic animals
156. Structure, function, and regulation of cytochrome P 450 forms in fish
157. Seasonal variation of hepatic mixed function oxidases in winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)
158. Seasonal variation of the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities in the liver of male and female vendace (Coregonus albula L.)
159. Seasonal variation of hepatic biotransformation in female and male rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)
160. The distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans in Jackfish Bay, Lake Superior, in relation to a kraft pulp mill effluent
161. Current status of sublethal tests of pollutants on aquatic organisms
162. Abnormal expressions of secondary sex characters in a population of mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis. holbrooki. Evidence for environmentally induced masculinization
163. Masculinization of female mosquitofish by exposure to plant sterols and Mycobacterium smegmatis
164. Review and perspective on the use of mixed‐function oxygenase enzymes in biological monitoring
165. 1450 complementary DNA as a potential environmental monitor
166. Contaminant effects on ovarian development in English sole (Parophyrys vetulus). from Puget Sound, Washington
167. 5
168. Patterns and regulation of estradiol metabolism by hepatic microsomes from two species of marine teleosts
169. Feminization of the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P 450 system in brook trout by estradiol, testosterone, and pituitary factors
170. Distribution of flora and fauna in an area receiving pulp mill effluents in the Baltic Sea
171. Effects of pulp mill effluent on a Baltic coastal fish community
172. Physiological disturbances in fish living in the receiving body of water of a kraft mill industry
173. Biological effects of effluents from pulp mills — Preliminary results from the Swedish environment/cellulose project
174. Summary of results from the Swedish project “environment/cellulose”
175. Distribution of chlorophenolics in a marine environment
176. Evaluation of the ‘Fugacity’ (FEQUM) and the ‘EXAMS’ chemical fate and transport models. A case study on the pollution of the Norrsundet Bay (Sweden)
177. Effects of eutrophication on fish communities with special reference to the Baltic Sea — A literature review
178. Effects of pulp and paper mill effluents on coastal fish communities in the Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea
179. Effect of sewage on the fish fauna in the Helsinki area
180. Fish production in the Helsinki sea area
181. Fischereiliche veranderungen in kulturbedingt eutrphierenden seen
182. Fischwachstum bei oligo., meso und eutrophie des Bodensees
183. Hierarchy of niches of the fishes of Lake Constance, a lake undergoing eutrophication
184. Percids of Lake Constance, a lake undergoing eutrophication
185. The influence of pollution on fisheries and fish stocks in the Finnish part of the Gulf of Finland
186. Responses of percid fishes and their habitats to eutrophication
187. Morphology, physiology, behavior, and ecology of Perca fluviatilis L. and Perca flavescens Mitchell
188. Effects of a bleached pulp mill effluent on growth and gonad function in Baltic coastal fish
189. Observations on the growth of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) over twenty‐two years with special reference to the effects of temperature and changes in population density
190. Effects of a pulp mill effluent on the population dynamics of perch, Perca fluviatilis L
191. The influence of light intensity on feeding of fish larvae and fry II Rutilus ru tilus L. and Perca fluviatilis L. Zool
192. Effects of illumination and prey contrast on survival and growth of larval yellow perca
193. Mortality in perch populations in a Baltic pulp mill effluent area
194. Pollution‐associated diseases and abnormalities of fish and shellfish. A review
195. Fin erosion of perch (Perca fluviatilis) in a pulp mill effluent
196. Pulp mill effluents and fish — A case study
197. Local growth differences in perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in a Baltic archipelago
198. A study of the numbers, biomass and year class strengths of perch (Perca fluviatilis. L.) in Windermere from 1941 to 1966
199. A comparison of the growth of perch (Perca fluviatilis. L.) in a eutrophied bay and a reference area in the northern Baltic proper
200. Transportation and enrichment of chlorinated phenolic compounds in different aquatic food chains
201. Physiological effects of an additional stressor on fish exposed to a simulated heavy‐metal containing effluent from a sulfide ore smeltery
202. Fish physiology and metal pollution. Results and experiences from laboratory and field studies
203. Biochemical and hematological studies on perch, Perca fluviatilis, from the cadmium contaminated River Eman
204. Physiological stress responses in a wild fish population of perch (Perca fluviatilis) after capture and during subsequent recovery
205. Seasonal variations in some blood parameters in perch, Perca fluviatilis. L
206. Biochemical and physiological disturbances in fish inhabiting coastal waters polluted with bleached kraft mill effluents
207. Effects of pulp bleach plant effluents on hepatic xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes in fish Laboratory and field studies
208. Physiological disturbances in fish exposed to bleached kraft mill effluents
209. Long‐term effects of bleached kraft mill effluents on carbohydrate metabolism and hepatic xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes in fish
210. Long‐term effects of bleached kraft mill effluents on red and white blood cell status, ion balance, and vertebral structure in fish
211. Avoidance of bleached kraft pulpmill effluent by pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides). and gull killifish (Fundulus grandis)
212. Sources of chlorophenolic compounds to the Fraser River estuary Water Pollut
213. Effects of heavy pollution on the zoobenthos in Lake Vanajavesi, southern Finland, with special reference to the meiozoobenthos
214. Some effects of pollution on the benthic environment of the Gullmarsfjord
215. The significance of water quality parameters for decision‐making in water pollution control — A case study: Lake Päijänne in Finland
216. Distribution of some organic compounds in the receiving waters of a kraft pulp and paper mill
217. New bleached kraft pulp plant in Georgia — State of the art environmental control
218. The usefulness of the Selenastrum capricornutum algal assay to evaluate the toxic effects of pulp and paper mill effluents in lake water
219. Organic contaminant residues in fishes from Nipigon Bay
220. The pollution load of a closed D/CEDED bleachery