Software safety in Embedded Computer Systems

Communications of the ACM

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 1991, Pages 34-46

  Leveson, Nancy G ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SOFTWARE - RELIABILITY; CONTROL SYSTEMS - RELIABILITY; FAILURE ANALYSIS;

EMBEDDED COMPUTER SYSTEMS;

ACCIDENT PREVENTION;

EID: 0026104017     PISSN: 00010782     EISSN: 15577317     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1145/102792.102799     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Avizienis, A. and Kelly, J.P.J. Fault tolerance by design diversity: Concepts and experiments. IEEE Comput. 17, 8 (Aug. 1984), 67-80.
2. Cha, S.S. Safety verification on software design. Ph.D. dissertation, ICS Dept., University of California, Irvine, June 1990.
3. Cha, S.S., Leveson, N.G., and Shimeall, T.J. Verification of safety in Ada programs. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Software Engineering (Singapore, Apr. 1988), pp. 377-386.
4. Eckhardt, D.E., Caglayan, A.K., Knight, J.C., Lee, L.D., McAllister, D.F., and Vouk, M.A. An Experimental evaluation of software redundancy as a strategy for improving reliability. Submitted for publication.
5. Eckhardt, D.E. and Lee, L.D. A theoretical basis for the analysis of multiversion software subject to coincident errors. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. SE-11, 12 (Dec. 1985), 1511-1517.
6. Friedman, M. Modeling the penalty costs of software failure. Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Information and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Mar. 1986.
7. Jaffe, M.S., Leveson, N.G., Heimdahl, M., and Melhart, B. Software requirements analysis for real-time process-control systems. IEEE Tran. Softw. Eng. (Mar. 1991) To be published.
8. Jahanian, F. and Mok, A.K. Safety analysis of timing properties in real-time systems. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. SE-12, 9 (Sept. 1986), 890-904.
9. Joyce, E. Software bugs: A matter of life and liability. Datamation 33, 10 (May 15, 1987), 88-92.
10. Knight, J.C. and Leveson, N.G. An experimental evaluation of the assumption of independence in Multiversion programming. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. SE-12, 1 (Jan. 1986), 96-109.
11. Laprie, J.C. The dependability approach to critical computing systems. In Proceedings of the First European Conference on Software Engineering (Strasbourg, France, Sept. 1987).
12. Leveson, N.G. Software safety: Why, what, and how. ACM Comput. Surv. 18, 2 (June 1986), 25-69.
13. Leveson, N.G. Building safe software. In Aerospace Software Engineering, Chris Anderson, Ed. AIAA, 1990.
14. Leveson, N.G. Software Safety. Addison-Wesley Reading, Mass., To be available fall 1990.
15. Leveson, N.G. and Harvey, P.R. Analyzing software safety. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. SE-9 (Sept. 1983), 569-579.
16. Leveson, N.G. and Stolzy, J.L. Safety analysis using petri nets. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. SE-13 (Mar. 1987), 386-397.
17. Levine, S. Probabilistic risk assessment: Identifying the real risks of nuclear power. Tech. Rev. (Feb./Mar. 1984), 41-44.
18. Lowe, E.I., and Hidden, A.E. Computer Control in Process Industries, Peter Peregrinus Ltd., London, 1971.
19. MacKenzie, J.J. Finessing the risks of nuclear power. Tech. Rev. (Feb./Mar. 1984), 34-39.
20. Malasky, S.W. System Safety Technology and Application, Garland STPM Press, N.Y., 1982.
21. Melhart, B. An interface model for software requirements. Ph.D. dissertation, ICS Dept., University of California, Irvine, June 1990.
22. Miller, D.R. The role of statistical modeling and inference in software quality assurance. In Proceedings of the CSR Workshop on Software Certification (Gatwick, England, Sept. 1988).
23. Neumann, P.G. Some computer-related disasters and other egregious horrors. ACM Softw. Eng. Not. 10, 1 (Jan. 1985), 6-7.
24. Energy Commission, 1975.
25. Rushby, J. Kernels for safety? In Proceedings of the CSR Workshop on Safety and Security (Glasgow, Scotland, Oct. 1986). Also printed in Safe and Secure Computing Systems, T. Anderson Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1989, pp. 210-220.
26. Smith, C.L. Digital Computer Process Control. International Textbook Company, Scranton, 1972.
27. Ternham, K.E. Automatic complacency. Flight Crew (Winter, 1981), 34-35.
28. Waterman, H.E. FAA'A certification position on advanced avionics. AIAA Astro. Aero. (May 1978), 49-51.