Symptoms of acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia in humans with and without IDDM: Factor-analysis approach

Diabetes Care

Volumn 14, Issue 11, 1991, Pages 949-957

  Hepburn, David A ^a   Deary, Ian J ^b   Frier, Brian M ^b   Patrick, Alan W ^b   Quinn, John D ^b   Fisher, B Miles ^b  

^a ROYAL INFIRMARY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HUMAN INSULIN; INSULIN; ISOPHANE INSULIN;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYPOGLYCEMIA; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VERTIGO;

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; BLOOD GLUCOSE; BODY MASS INDEX; DIABETES MELLITUS, INSULIN-DEPENDENT; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; HEMOGLOBIN A, GLYCOSYLATED; HUMAN; HYPOGLYCEMIA; INSULIN; MALE; QUESTIONNAIRES; REFERENCE VALUES; SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T;

EID: 0026048413     PISSN: 01495992     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2337/diacare.14.11.949     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Banting FG, Campbell WR, Fletcher AA: Further clinical experience with insulin. Br Med J 1:8-12, 1923
2. Joslin E, Gray H, Root H: Insulin in hospital and home. J Metab Res 2:651-99, 1922
3. Fletcher AA, Campbell WR: The blood sugar following insulin administration and the symptom complex hypoglycemia. J Metab Res 2:637-49, 1922
4. Pennebaker JW, Cox DJ, Gonder-Frederick L, Wunsch MG, Evans WS, Pohl S: Physical symptoms related to blood glucose in insulin-dependent diabetics. Psychosom Med 43:489-500, 1981
5. Cox DJ, Gonder-Frederick L, Pohl S, Pennebaker JW: Reliability of symptom-blood glucose relationships among insulin-dependent adult diabetics. Psychosom Med 45:357-60, 1983
6. Cox DJ, Clarke WL, Gonder-Frederick L, Pohl S, Hoover C, Snyder A, Zimbelman L, Carter WR, Bobbitt S, Pennebaker J: Accuracy of perceiving blood glucose in IDDM. Diabetes Care 8:529-36, 1985
7. Goldgewicht C, Slama G, Papoz L, Tchobroutsky G: Hypoglycaemic reactions in 172 type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Diabetologia 24:95-99, 1983
8. Aman J, Karlsson I, Wranne L: Symptomatic hypoglycaemia in childhood diabetes: a population based questionnaire study. Diabetic Med 6:257-61, 1989
9. Benzo CA: The hypothalamus and blood glucose regulation. Life Sci 32:2509-15, 1983
10. Marks V, Rose FC: Physiological responses to hypoglycaemia. In Hypoglycaemia. 2nd ed. Marks V, Rose FC, Eds. Oxford, UK, Blackwell, 1981, p. 69-88
11. Cryer PE, Binder C, Bolli GB, Cherrington AD, Gale EAM, Gerich JE, Sherwin RS: Hypoglycemia in IDDM. Diabetes 38:1193-99, 1989
12. Berger WG, Keller U, Honegger B, Jaeggi E: Warning symptoms of hypoglycaemia during treatment with human and porcine insulin in diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1:1041-44, 1989
13. Heine RJ, van der Heyden EAP, van der Veen EA: Responses to human and porcine insulin in healthy subjects. Lancet 2:946-49, 1989
14. Hepburn DA, Frier BM: Hypoglycaemia unawareness and human insulin (Letter). Lancet 1:1394, 1989
15. Frier BM, Hepburn DA: Plasma noradrenaline, human insulin, and hypoglycaemia (Letter). Lancet 2:1269, 1989
16. Ewing DJ, Clarke BF: Diagnosis and management of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Br Med J 285:916-18, 1982
17. Ewing DJ: Practical bedside investigation of diabetic autonomic failure. In Autonomic Failure. A Textbook of Clinical Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System. 1st ed. Bannister R, Ed. Oxford, UK, Oxford Univ. Press, 1983, p. 371-405
18. Ewing DJ, Martyn CN, Young RJ, Clarke BF: The value of cardiovascular autonomic function tests: 10 years experience in diabetes. Diabetes Care 8:491-98, 1985
19. 1. Clin Chim Acta 108:487-91, 1980
20. Child D: The Essentials of Factor Analysis. 2nd ed. London, Cassell, 1990, p. 1-21
21. Corrall RJM, Frier BM, Davidson NMcD, Hopkins WM, French EB: Cholinergic manifestations of the acute autonomic reaction to hypoglycaemia in man. Clin Sci 64:49-53, 1983
22. Clausen-Sjobom N, Lins PE, Adamson U, Curstedt T, Hamberger B: Effects of metoprolol on the counter-regulation and recognition of prolonged hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetics. Acta Med Scand 222:57-63, 1987
23. Fellows IW, MacDonald IA, Wharrad HJ, Birmingham AT: Low plasma concentrations of adrenaline and physiological tremor in man. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 49: 296-399, 1986
24. Berne C, Fagius J: Skin nerve sympathetic activity during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Diabetologia 29:855-60, 1986
25. Fagius J, Niklasson F, Berne C: Sympathetic outflow in human muscle nerves increases during hypoglycemia. Diabetes 35:1124-29, 1986
26. Allwood MJ, Ginsberg J, Paton A: The effect of insulin hypoglycaemia on blood flow in intact and sympathectomised man. J Physiol (Lond) 139:97-107, 1957
27. Middleton WG, French EB: Studies of the peripheral vasodilator response to acute insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in man. Clin Sci Mol Med 47:461-70, 1974
28. Hilsted J, Madsbad S, Sestoft L: Subcutaneous blood flow during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia: studies in juvenile diabetics with and without autonomic neuropathy and in normal subjects. Clin Physiol 2:323-32, 1982
29. French EB, Kilpatrick R: The role of adrenaline in hypoglycaemic reactions in man. Clin Sci 14:639-51, 1955
30. Fisher BM, Gillen G, Dargie HJ, Inglis GC, Frier BM: The effects of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on cardiovascular function in normal man: studies using radionuclide ventriculography. Diabetologia 30:841-45, 1987
31. Lloyd-Mostyn RH, Oram S: Modification by propranolol of cardiovascular effects of induced hypoglycaemia. Lancet 1:1213-15, 1975
32. Davidson NMcD, Corrall RJM, Shaw TDR, French EB: Observations in man of hypoglycaemia during selective and non-selective beta-blockade. Scott Med J 22:69-72, 1977
33. Fisher BM, Gillen G, Hepburn DA, Dargie JH, Frier BM: Cardiac responses to acute insulin-induced hypoglycemic in humans. Am J Physiol 258:H1775-79, 1990
34. Gale EAM, Bennett T, Green JH, MacDonald IA: Hypoglycaemia, hypothermia and shivering in man. Clin Sci 63:463-69, 1981
35. Frier BM, Hepburn DA, Fisher BM, Barrie T: Fall in intraocular pressure during acute hypoglycaemia in patients with insulin dependent diabetes. Br Med J 294:610-11, 1987
36. Bray GA: Integration of energy intake and expenditure in animals and man: the autonomic and adrenal hypothesis. In Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism. Vol. 13, 1st ed. James WPT, Ed. London, Saunders, 1984, p. 521-46
37. Lager I, Attvall S, Blohme G, Smith U: Altered recognition of hypoglycaemic symptoms in type 1 diabetes during intensified control with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Diabetic Med 3:322-25, 1986
38. Stevens AB, McKane WR, Bell PM, Bell P, King DJ, Hayes JR: Psychomotor performance and counterregulatory responses during mild hypoglycemia in healthy volunteers. Diabetes Care 12:12-17, 1989
39. Pramming S, Thorsteinsson B, Stigsby B, Binder C: Glycaemic threshold for changes in electroencephalograms during hypoglycaemia in patients with insulin dependent diabetes. Br Med J 296:665-67, 1988
40. Cox DJ, Gonder-Frederick L, Pohl S, Carter W, Clarke W, Bennett-Johnson S, Rosenbloom A, Bradley C, Moses J: Symptoms and blood glucose levels in diabetics (Letter). JAMA 253:1558, 1985