메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 2, 1991, Pages 121-156

Mechanisms of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs. Implications for novel therapeutic strategies for schizophrenia

Author keywords

(Schizophrenia); 5 HT2 serotonin receptor; Atypical antipsychotic drug; Clozapine; D2 dopamine receptor; Dopamine; Raclopride; Serotonin

Indexed keywords

CLOZAPINE; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR; FLUPERLAPINE; RACLOPRIDE; REMOXIPRIDE; RISPERIDONE; SEROTONIN; TIOSPIRONE; ZOTEPINE;

EID: 0026011938     PISSN: 09209964     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0920-9964(91)90030-U     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (222)

References (342)
  • 1
    • 0024461513 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine — pharmacokinetic investigations and biochemical effects in man
    • (1989) Psychopharmacology , vol.99 , pp. S32-S37
    • Ackenheil1
  • 4
    • 0024432795 scopus 로고
    • Monoamine metabolites and amino acids in serum from schizophrenic patients before and during sulpiride treatment
    • (1989) Psychopharmacology , vol.99 , pp. 322-327
    • Alfredsson1    Wiesel2
  • 6
    • 0021200790 scopus 로고
    • Effects of sulpiride and chlorpromazine on depressive symptoms in schizophrenic patients — relationship to drug concentrations
    • (1984) Psychopharmacology , vol.84 , pp. 237-241
    • Alfredsson1    Harnryd2    Wiesel3
  • 10
    • 0021895128 scopus 로고
    • 2-dopamine receptor using a novel high affinity radio-iodinated probe
    • (1985) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.260 , pp. 1983-1986
    • Amlaiky1    Caron2
  • 11
    • 0022558358 scopus 로고
    • 2-dopamine receptor binding subunit in several mammalian tissues and species by photoaffinity labelling
    • (1986) J. Neurochem. , vol.47 , pp. 196-204
    • Amlaiky1    Caron2
  • 13
  • 14
    • 0023036497 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for different states of the dopamine D1 receptor: clozapine and fluperlapine may preferentially label an adenylate cyclase-coupled state of t he D1 receptor
    • (1986) J. Neurochem. , vol.47 , pp. 1822-1831
    • Andersen1    Braestrup2
  • 19
    • 0018305433 scopus 로고
    • Chronic haloperidol causes persistent increase in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) concentration in the substantia nigra but not in the ventral tegmental area
    • (1979) Brain Res. , vol.175 , pp. 178-182
    • Argiolis1    Fadda2    Melis3    Serra4    Gessa5
  • 20
    • 0020003194 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for dopamine autoreceptors controlling dopamine synthesis in the substantia nigra
    • (1982) Brain Res. , vol.234 , pp. 177-181
    • Argiolis1    Melis2    Fadda3    Gessa4
  • 21
    • 0025124448 scopus 로고
    • 2 receptors in the medial prefrontal cortex: microiontophoretic studies
    • (1990) Brain Res. , vol.506 , pp. 346-348
    • Ashby1    Wang2
  • 22
    • 0024399258 scopus 로고
    • Differential effect of typical and atypical antipyschotic drugs on the suppressant action of 2-methylserotonin on medial prefrontal cortical cells: a microiontophoretic study
    • (1989) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.166 , pp. 583-584
    • Ashby1    Edwards2    Harkins3    Wang4
  • 24
    • 0025173878 scopus 로고
    • 3 receptor antagonist, fails to alter the number of spontaneously active midbrain dopamine neurons
    • (1990) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.175 , pp. 347-350
    • Ashby1    Jiang2    Wang3
  • 27
    • 0017286135 scopus 로고
    • Differential effect of neuroleptic drugs on dopamine turnover in the extrapyramidal and limbic system
    • (1976) J. Pharm. Pharmacol. , vol.28 , pp. 429-433
    • Bartholini1
  • 31
    • 0023215294 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the arrangement of neurons in the cingulate cortex of schizophrenic patients
    • (1987) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.44 , pp. 608-616
    • Benes1    Bird2
  • 43
    • 0025213451 scopus 로고
    • 2 receptors present in a rat pituitary adenoma and in transplantable rat pituitary tumors 7315a and MtTW15
    • (1990) J. Neurochem. , vol.54 , pp. 815-822
    • Bouvier1    Lagace2    Potier3    Collu4
  • 45
    • 0024337066 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine increases extracellular dopamine in rat nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area as shown by in vivo microdialysis
    • (1989) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.103 , pp. 97-102
    • Bradberry1    Roth2
  • 49
    • 0024269593 scopus 로고
    • Effects of acute and chronic neuroleptic treatment on the activity of midbrain dopamine neurons
    • (1988) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.537 , pp. 77-85
    • Bunney1
  • 51
    • 0018116725 scopus 로고
    • Acute and chronic haloperidol treatment: comparison of effects on nigral dopaminergic activity
    • (1978) Life Sci. , vol.23 , pp. 1715-1728
    • Bunney1    Grace2
  • 57
    • 78651116398 scopus 로고
    • Effect of chlorpromazine and haloperidol on formation of 3-methoxytyramine and normetanephrine in mouse brain
    • (1963) Acta Pharmacol. , vol.20 , pp. 140-144
    • Carlsson1    Lindqvist2
  • 58
    • 0017389926 scopus 로고
    • Possible importance of 5-hydroxytryptamine in neuroleptic-induced catalepsy in rats
    • (1977) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.60 , pp. 276P
    • Carter1    Pycock2
  • 60
  • 64
    • 0025056944 scopus 로고
    • 2 dopamine receptor in rat and bovine caudate nucleus
    • (1990) Nature , vol.343 , pp. 266-269
    • Chio1    Hess2    Graham3    Huff4
  • 65
    • 0020576408 scopus 로고
    • Typical and atypical neuroleptics: differential effects of chronic administration on the activity of A9 and A10 midbrain dopaminergic neurons
    • (1983) J. Neurosci. , vol.3 , pp. 1607-1619
    • Chiodo1    Bunney2
  • 66
    • 0021934560 scopus 로고
    • Possible mechanisms by which repeated clozapine administration differentially affects the activity of two subpopulations of midbrain dopamine neurons
    • (1985) J. Neurosci. , vol.5 , pp. 2539-2544
    • Chiodo1    Bunney2
  • 67
    • 0023144108 scopus 로고
    • Population response of midbrain dopamine neurons to neuroleptics: further studies on time course and nondopaminergic neuronal influences
    • (1987) J. Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 629-633
    • Chiodo1    Bunney2
  • 68
    • 0021224644 scopus 로고
    • An early phase II clinical trial of BW 234U in the treatment of acute schizophrenia in newly admitted patients
    • (1984) Psychopharmacology , vol.84 , pp. 282-284
    • Chouinard1    Annable2
  • 69
  • 72
    • 0023495551 scopus 로고
    • D1 dopamine receptor—the search for function: critical evaluation of the D1-D2 dopamine receptor classification and its functional implications
    • (1987) Synapse , vol.1 , pp. 347-388
    • Clark1    White2
  • 75
    • 0016029391 scopus 로고
    • Indoleamine antagonists: relative potencies as inhibitors or tryptamine-and 5-hydroxytryptophan-evoked responses
    • (1974) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.50 , pp. 311
    • Clineschmidt1    Lotti2
  • 76
    • 0023005971 scopus 로고
    • In vivo potencies of antipsychotic drugs in blocking apha 1 noradrenergic and dopamine D2 receptors: implications for drug mechanisms of action
    • (1986) Life Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 2571-2580
    • Cohen1    Lipinski2
  • 82
    • 0017255979 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine receptor binding predicts clinical and pharmacological potencies of antischizophrenic drugs
    • (1976) Science , vol.192 , pp. 481-483
    • Creese1    Burt2    Snyder3
  • 84
    • 0023829258 scopus 로고
    • Influence of ascending serotonergic pathways on glucose use in the conscious rat brain. II Effects of electrical stimulation of the rostral raphe nuclei
    • (1988) Brain Res. , vol.444 , pp. 227-246
    • Cudennec1    Duverger2    Serrano3    Scatton4    MacKenzie5
  • 91
    • 0024477332 scopus 로고
    • 2 dopamine receptors in the human brain: heterogeneity based on differences in guanine nucleotide effect on agonist binding, and their presence on corticostriatal nerve terminals
    • (1989) Brain Res. , vol.484 , pp. 36-42
    • De Keyser1    Walraevens2    De Backer3    Ebinger4    Vauquelin5
  • 93
    • 0023022151 scopus 로고
    • Neuroanatomical, neuropharmacological and neurobiochemical target systems for antipsychotic activity of neuroleptics
    • (1986) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.19 , pp. 134-139
    • Delini-Stuler1
  • 94
    • 0018580969 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of dopamine synthesis regulation in the terminals of nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, tuberoinfundibular and tuberohypophyseal neurons
    • (1979) J. Neural Transm. , vol.46 , pp. 263-277
    • Demarest1    Moore2
  • 95
    • 0018840421 scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of L-DOPA in the median eminence: an index of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic nerve activity
    • (1980) Endocrinology , vol.106 , pp. 463-468
    • Demarest1    Moore2
  • 98
    • 0025672802 scopus 로고
    • The determinants of stress-induced activation of the prefrontal cortical dopamine system
    • in press
    • (1990) Prog Brain Res
    • Deutch1    Roth2
  • 100
    • 0025286232 scopus 로고
    • Prefrontal cortical dopamine depletion enhances the responsiveness of mesolimbic dopamine neurons to stress
    • (1990) Brain Res. , vol.521 , pp. 311-315
    • Deutch1    Clark2    Roth3
  • 101
    • 84915400107 scopus 로고
    • Striatal heterogeneity in responsiveness to acute neuroleptic challenge: correlation with mesencephalic dopamine afferent sources
    • submitted
    • (1990) Neuroscience
    • Deutch1    Goldstein2    Roth3
  • 111
    • 0022455440 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that the potential antipsychotic agent rimcazole (BW 234U) is a specific, competitive antagonist of sigma sites in brain
    • (1986) Life Sci. , vol.38 , pp. 2329-2337
    • Ferris1    Tang2    Chang3    Russell4
  • 112
    • 0023007555 scopus 로고
    • Rimcazole (BW 234U), a novel antipsychotic agent whose mechanism of action cannot be explained by a direct blockade of postsynaptic dopaminergic recep tors in brain
    • (1986) Drug Dev. Res. , vol.9 , pp. 171-188
    • Ferris1    White2    Tang3    Russell4    Harfenist5
  • 114
    • 0023155125 scopus 로고
    • Trihexyphenidyl abuse: Therapeutic implications for negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
    • (1987) Acta Psychiatr. Scand. , vol.75 , pp. 91-94
    • Fisch1
  • 117
    • 38249042520 scopus 로고
    • Imaging neuronal biochemistry by emission computed tomography: focus on neuroreceptors
    • (1986) Trends Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 490-496
    • Frost1
  • 118
    • 0017894692 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine receptors and ergot drugs. Evidence that an ergolene derivative is a differential agonist at subcortical limbic dopamine receptors
    • (1978) Brain Res. , vol.146 , pp. 295-311
    • Fuxe1    Fredholm2    Agnati3    Corrodi4
  • 120
    • 0018255337 scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepines: potentiation of a GABA inhibitory response in the dorsal rephe nucleus
    • (1978) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.49 , pp. 133
    • Gallager1
  • 122
    • 0024401061 scopus 로고
    • A mechanism for the involvement of colocalized neuropeptides in the actions of antipsychotic drugs
    • (1989) Biol. Psychiatr. , vol.26 , pp. 303-314
    • Gariano1    Groves2
  • 123
    • 0024964228 scopus 로고
    • Carecholamine innervation of the human cerebral cortex as revealed by comparative immunohistochemistry of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-beta-hydro xylase
    • (1989) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.279 , pp. 249-271
    • Gaspar1    Berger2    Febvret3    Vigny4    Henry5
  • 125
    • 0024366801 scopus 로고
    • Thymosthenic agents, a novel approach in the treatment of schizophrenia
    • (1989) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.155 , pp. 33-36
    • Gelders1
  • 130
    • 0016703169 scopus 로고
    • The effect of l-dopa on young patients with simple schizophrenia, treated with neuroleptic drugs
    • (1975) Psychopharmacology , vol.44 , pp. 105-110
    • Gerlach1    Luddorf2
  • 136
    • 0022481574 scopus 로고
    • Induction of depolarization block in midbrain dopamine neurons by repeated administration of haloperidol: analysis using in vivo intracellular recordi ng
    • (1986) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.238 , pp. 1092-1100
    • Grace1    Bunney2
  • 137
    • 0024503428 scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic-sensitive binding sites in the nigrostriatal system: evidence for differential distribution of sigma sites in the substantia nigra, pars c ompacta of the cat
    • (1989) J. Neurosci. , vol.9 , pp. 326-338
    • Graybiel1    Besson2    Weber3
  • 138
    • 0022410447 scopus 로고
    • The significance of dendritic release of transmitter and protein in the substantia nigra
    • (1985) Neurochem. Int. , vol.7 , pp. 887-901
    • Greenfield1
  • 140
    • 0013962408 scopus 로고
    • Das Wirkungsprofil eines chemisch neuartigen Breitbandneuroleptikums der Debenzodiazepingruppe
    • (1966) Wien Med. Wochenschr. , vol.116 , pp. 814-816
    • Gross1    Languer2
  • 143
    • 0017745976 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the effects of haloperidol on dopamine turnover in the striatum, olfactory tubercle, and median eminence of the rat brain
    • (1976) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.202 , pp. 149-156
    • Gudelsky1    Moore2
  • 152
    • 0023233950 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of acute clozapine and haloperidol on the activity of ventral tegmental area (A10) and nigrostriatal (A9) dopamine neurons
    • (1987) Brain Res. , vol.415 , pp. 257-269
    • Hand1    Hu2    Wang3
  • 157
    • 0019401987 scopus 로고
    • Opposite changes in dopamine utilization in the nucleus accumbens and the frontal cortex after electrolytic lesion of the median raphe in the rat
    • (1981) Brain Res. , vol.216 , pp. 422-428
    • Herve1    Simon2    Blanc3    LeMoal4    Glowinski5    Tassin6
  • 160
  • 161
  • 165
    • 0024267452 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptor agonists on neurons in rat caudate-putamen: an electrophysiological study
    • (1988) J. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 4340-4348
    • Hu1    Wang2
  • 166
    • 0018902261 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine release in nucleus accumbens and striatum by clozapine: simultaneous monitoring by in vivo electrochemistry
    • (1980) Neuropharmacology , vol.19 , pp. 587-590
    • Huff1    Adams2
  • 175
    • 0023623799 scopus 로고
    • The development of new antipsychotic drugs: towards a new strategy in the management of chronic psychoses
    • (1984) J. Drug Ther. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 324-328
    • Janseen1
  • 178
    • 0017357042 scopus 로고
    • Acute and chronic treatments with neuroleptics: similarities and differences in their action on nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, and mesocortical dopamenerg ic neurons
    • (1976) Adv. Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.16 , pp. 617-624
    • Julou1    Scatton2    Glowinski3
  • 185
    • 0039002841 scopus 로고
    • Anatomical neuropathology in schizophrenia: post-mortem findings
    • H.A. Nasrallah, D.R. Weinberger, Handbook of Schizophrenia, Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • (1986) The Neurology of Schizophrenia , vol.1 , pp. 325-348
    • Kirch1    Weinberger2
  • 189
    • 0015522358 scopus 로고
    • Reduced cataleptogenic effects of some neuroleptics in rats with lesioned midbrain raphe and treated with parachlorphenylalanine
    • (1972) Brain Res. , vol.48 , pp. 445
    • Kostowski1    Gumulka2    Czlonzowski3
  • 191
    • 0022579349 scopus 로고
    • Long term effect of clozapine in schizophrenia A retrospective investigation of 216 patients treated with clozapine for up to 7 years
    • (1986) Nordic Journal of Psychiatry , vol.10 , pp. 225-230
    • Kuha1    Miettineo2
  • 192
    • 0023755323 scopus 로고
    • 1-noradrenergic receptors demonstrated by in vivo voltammetry
    • (1988) Brain Res. , vol.460 , pp. 398-401
    • Lane1    Blaha2    Rivet3
  • 197
  • 199
    • 0023913624 scopus 로고
    • The dopaminergic innervation of monkey prefrontal cortex: a tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemical study
    • (1988) Brain Res. , vol.449 , pp. 225-243
    • Lewis1    Foote2    Goldstein3    Morrison4
  • 203
    • 0024478413 scopus 로고
    • 2 antagonists on haloperidol-induced dyskinesias in squirrel monkeys: no evidence for reciprocal 5-HT-dopam ine interaction
    • (1989) Psychopharmacology , vol.97 , pp. 456-461
    • Liebman1    Gerhardt2    Gerber3
  • 204
    • 0342915305 scopus 로고
    • The effect of long-term treatment with clozapine in schizophrenia: A retrospective study in 96 patients treated with clozapine for up to 13 years
    • (1987) Acta Psychiatr. Scand. , vol.75 , pp. 945-952
    • Lindstrom1
  • 207
    • 0024522330 scopus 로고
    • Opposite influences of dopaminergic pathways to the prefrontal cortex or the septum on the dopaminergic transmission in the nucleus accumbens. An in vivo voltammetric study
    • (1989) Neuroscience , vol.29 , pp. 45-56
    • Louilot1    Le Moal2    Simon3
  • 208
    • 0018410896 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that the different properties of haloperidol and clozapine are not explained by differences in anticholinergic potency
    • (1979) Psychopharmacology , vol.60 , pp. 303-307
    • Ljundberg1    Ungerstedt2
  • 209
    • 0024413489 scopus 로고
    • Striatal and frontal cortex binding of 11-C-labelled clozapine visualized by positron emission tomography (PET) in drug-free schizophrenics and healthy volunteers
    • (1989) Psychopharmacology , vol.99 , pp. 8-12
    • Lundqvist1    Fasth2    Gullberg3    Langstrom4
  • 217
    • 0024204957 scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of dopamine metabolism in rat brain frontal cortex: a common effect of chronically administered antipsychotic drugs
    • (1988) Brain Res. , vol.475 , pp. 380-384
    • Mefford1    Roth2    Agren3    Barchas4
  • 218
    • 0024468417 scopus 로고
    • Clinical studies on the mechanism of action of clozapine: the dopamine-serotonin hypothesis of schizophrenia
    • (1989) Psychopharmacology , vol.99 , pp. S18-S27
    • Meltzer1
  • 224
    • 0024400088 scopus 로고
    • Regional, reversible ultrastructural changes in rat brain with chronic neuroleptic treatment
    • (1989) Brain Res. , vol.489 , pp. 338-346
    • Meshul1    Casey2
  • 225
    • 0016332289 scopus 로고
    • Anti-muscarinic properties of neuroleptics and drug-induced parkinsonism
    • (1974) Nature , vol.248 , pp. 596-597
    • Miller1    Hiley2
  • 229
    • 0025239750 scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on the release of dopamine from prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and striatum of the rat: an in vivo microdialysis study
    • (1990) J. Neurochem. , vol.54 , pp. 1755-1760
    • Moghaddam1    Bunney2
  • 237
    • 0024498607 scopus 로고
    • Differences in dopamine release and metabolism in rat striatal subregions following acute clozapine using in vivo microdialysis
    • (1989) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.98 , pp. 211-216
    • O'Connor1    Drew2    Ungerstedt3
  • 241
    • 0024247144 scopus 로고
    • The effect of the partial dopamine agonist terguride on negative symptoms in schizophrenics
    • (1988) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.21 , pp. 389-390
    • Olbrich1    Schanz2
  • 244
    • 0021748014 scopus 로고
    • Mesulergine, a selective serotonin-2 ligand in the rat cortex, does not label these receptors in porcine or human cortex: evidence for species differe nces in brain serotonin receptors
    • (1984) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.106 , pp. 531
    • Pazos1    Hoyer2    Palacios3
  • 245
    • 0022401097 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative autoradiographic mapping of serotonin receptors in the rat brain. II. Serotonin-2 receptors
    • (1985) Brain Res. , vol.346 , pp. 231-249
    • Pazos1    Cortes2    Palacios3
  • 248
    • 0019174607 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of neuroleptic drug effects at brain dopamine, serotonin, α-adrenergic, and histamine receptors to clinical potency
    • (1980) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.137 , pp. 1518-1522
    • Peroutka1    Snyder2
  • 250
  • 252
    • 0018903573 scopus 로고
    • Effect of 6-hydroxy-dopamine lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex on neurotransmitter systems in subcortical sites in the rat
    • (1980) J. Neurochem. , vol.34 , pp. 91-99
    • Pycock1    Carter2    Kerwin3
  • 253
    • 0019190758 scopus 로고
    • Effect of lesion of cortical dopamine terminals on subcortical dopamine in rats
    • (1980) Nature , vol.286 , pp. 74-77
    • Pycock1    Kerwin2    Carter3
  • 258
    • 0023262383 scopus 로고
    • Comparative distribution of dopamine D-1 and D-2 receptors in the basal ganglia of turtles, pigeons, rats, cats, and monkeys
    • (1987) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.262 , pp. 446-463
    • Richfield1    Young2    Penney3
  • 262
    • 0020597246 scopus 로고
    • The effect of chronic neuroleptic administration on cerebral dopamine receptor function
    • (1983) Life Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 2289-2311
    • Rupniak1    Jenner2    Marsden3
  • 274
    • 0023254675 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine receptors and the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia
    • (1987) Synapse , vol.1 , pp. 133-152
    • Seeman1
  • 279
    • 0024595594 scopus 로고
    • 3H]raclopride: Implications for positron emission tomography of the human brain
    • (1989) Synapse , vol.3 , pp. 96-97
    • Seeman1    Guan2    Niznik3
  • 281
    • 0024544568 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological characterization of the receptor mediating electrophysiological responses to dopamine in the rat medial prefrontal cortex: a microiontophoretic study
    • (1989) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.248 , pp. 1323-1333
    • Sesack1    Bunney2
  • 286
    • 0018381070 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic antagonism between anticholinergic antiparkinsonism agents and neuroleptics in schizophrenia. Implications for a neuropharmacological model
    • (1979) Neuropsychobiology , vol.5 , pp. 74-86
    • Singh1    Kay2
  • 287
    • 0015873688 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of some therapeutic effects of an antipsychotic agent by an antiparkinsonism drug
    • (1973) J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. , vol.157 , pp. 50-58
    • Singh1    Smith2
  • 288
    • 0023126290 scopus 로고
    • Anticholinergic-neuroleptic antagonism in terms of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia: Implications for psychobiological subtyping
    • (1987) Psychol. Med. , vol.17 , pp. 39-48
    • Singh1    Kay2    Opler3
  • 290
    • 0023873613 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects after repeated administration with haloperidol, clozapine, thioridazine and tefludazine on SNC and VTA dopaminergic neurones in rats
    • (1988) Life Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 1037-1044
    • Skarsfeldt1
  • 292
    • 0018943605 scopus 로고
    • Abuse of the antiparkinson drugs: a review of the literature
    • (1980) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.41 , pp. 351-354
    • Smith1
  • 305
    • 0024321406 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic hyperactivity and negative schizophrenic systoms: A model of cholinergic/dopaminergic interactions in schizophrenia
    • (1989) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 745-753
    • Tandon1    Greden2
  • 309
    • 0019990364 scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of induced anxiety in rats by chlordiazepoxide: role of raphe dorsalis benzodiazepine binding sites and serotonergic neurons
    • (1982) Neuroscience , vol.7 , pp. 2287-2294
    • Thiebot1    Hamon2    Soubrie3
  • 313
    • 0024594291 scopus 로고
    • Interactions between dopamine and 5HT3 receptors suggest new treatments for psychosis and drug addiction
    • (1989) TIPS , vol.10 , pp. 127-129
    • Tricklebank1
  • 320
    • 0024383810 scopus 로고
    • Drugs acting on brain dopamine receptors: a conceptual re-evaluation five years after the first selective D-1 antagonist
    • (1989) Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.43 , pp. 1-52
    • Waddington1    O'Boyle2
  • 323
    • 0019307536 scopus 로고
    • Serotonergic modulation of mesolimbic and frontal cortical dopamine neurons
    • (1980) Experientia , vol.36 , pp. 1092-1094
    • Waldmeier1
  • 325
    • 0017112086 scopus 로고
    • On the relevance of preferential increase of mesolimbic vs. striatal dopamine turnover for the prediction of antipsychotic activity of psychotropic drugs
    • (1976) J. Neurochem. , vol.27 , pp. 589-597
    • Waldmeier1    Maitre2
  • 328
  • 330
    • 0020694390 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of chronic haloperidol treatment on A9 and A10 dopamine neurons in the rat
    • (1983) Life Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 983-993
    • White1    Wang2
  • 331
    • 0020637803 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on A9 and A10 dopamine neurons
    • (1983) Science , vol.221 , pp. 1054-1057
    • White1    Wang2
  • 336
    • 0024815667 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of D2 dopamine receptors decreases intracellular calcium levels in rat pituitary cells but not striatal synaptosomes: a flow cytometric study using Indo-1
    • (1989) Synapse , vol.4 , pp. 353-370
    • Wolf1    Kapatos2
  • 338
    • 0025105079 scopus 로고
    • A neurochemical heterogeneity of the rat striatum as measured by in vivo electrochemistry and microdialysis
    • (1990) Brain Res. , vol.506 , pp. 236-242
    • Yamamoto1    Pehek2
  • 340


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.