Oh say, can you see? The physiology of vision

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

Volumn 1453, Issue , 1991, Pages 92-123

  Young, Richard A ^a  

^a GM Research Lab   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION; INFORMATION FILTERING; STEREO IMAGE PROCESSING; VISION; BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING - BIOELECTRIC POTENTIALS; COMPUTER VISION - MATHEMATICAL MODELS; IMAGE PROCESSING - IMAGE CODING; MATHEMATICAL TRANSFORMATIONS - FOURIER TRANSFORMS; NOISE, SPURIOUS SIGNAL - WHITE NOISE;

ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES; ELECTRICAL OUTPUT; GAUSSIAN DERIVATIVES; LINEAR COMBINATIONS; PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS; SPATIO-TEMPORAL FILTER; TEMPORAL DERIVATIVES; WHITE NOISE ANALYSIS;

WHITE NOISE; VISION;

CORTICAL GAUSSIAN MODELS; GAUSSIAN DERIVATIVE MODEL; HERMITE FUNCTIONS; RECEPTIVE FIELDS MODELS; SPATIO TEMPORAL RECEPTIVE FIELDS;

EID: 0025868047     PISSN: 0277786X     EISSN: 1996756X     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1117/12.44348     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (83)

1. Frcdrik Pohl. Schematic man. In Rudy Rucker, editor, Mathenauts: Tales of Mathematical Wonder, pages 257-262. Arbor House. New York, 1987.
2. S. L Polyak. The vertebrate visual system. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago. 1957.
3. Ulric Neisser. The processes of vision. Scientific American, 219(3).204-214, Sep 1968.
4. David H. Hubel. Eye. Brain, and Vision. W. H. Freeman and Co., New York, N. Y., 1988.
5. D. H. Hubel and T. N. Wiesel. Brain mechanisms of vision. Scientific American, 241(3):150-162, September 1979.
6. W. J. S. Krieg. Functional Neuroanatomy. The Blakiston Company, Inc., New York, second edition, 1953.
7. W. R. Levick and D. R. Dvorak. The retina - from molecules to networks. Trends in Neuro sciences, 9(5): 181 185, May 1986.
8. Peter Sterling. Michael Freed, and Robert G. Smith. Microcircuitry and functional architecture of the cat retina. Trends in NeuroSciences, 9(5):186-192, May 1986.
9. F. M. De Monasterio. Center and surround mechanisms of opponent-color x and y ganglion cells of retina of macaques. J. Neurophysiol., 41(6):1418-1434. 1978.
10. R. A. Young. The Gaussian derivative model for spatial vision: I. Retinal mechanisms. Spatial Vision. 2(4):273-293, 1987.
11. C. R. Curcio. K. R. Sloan, R. E. Kalina, and A. E. Hendrickson. Human photoreceptor topography. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 292:497-523, 1990.
12. Rick Gore. The brain: Part I. LIFE. 71, Oct. 1 1971.
13. John E. Dowling. The Retina: An approachable part of the brain. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambrdige, Mass. 1987.
14. R. W. Rodieck. The Vertebrate Retina: Principles of Structure and Function. W. H. Freeman and Company. San Francisco, CA, 1973.
15. H. Kolb. Organization of the outer plexiform layer of the primate retina: Electron microscopy of golgi-impregnated cells. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B, 258:261-283, 1970. Appendix to [21].
16. R. A. Young. Principal-component analysis of macaque lateral geniculate nucleus chromatic data. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 3:1735-1742, 1986.
17. R. A. Young. Principal-component analysis of human cone spectra. In Abstract. OSA Meetings, Rochester, N.Y., October 1987. Optical Society of America.
18. B. B. Boycott and H. Kolb. The horizontal cells of the Rhesus monkey retina. J. Comp. Neurol., 148:115-140, 1973.
19. C. A. Dvorak and A. M. Granda. Wavelength-dependent temporal properties of retinal horizontal cells in turtles. Visual Neuroscience, 4:427-435, 1990.
20. R. A. Young. Some observations on temporal coding of color vision: Psychophysical results. Vision Res. 17:957 965, 1977.
21. B. B. Boycott and J. E. Dowling. Organization of the primate retina: Light microscropy. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B. 255:109-184, 1969.
22. S. L Polyak. The retina. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago. 1957.
23. H. Kolb, B. B. Boycott, and J. E. Dowling. A second type of midget bipolar cell in the primate retina. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B. 255:177-184. 1969. Appendix to [21].
24. E. V. Famiglietti and H. Kolb. Structural basis for on- and off-center responses in retinal ganglion cells. Science. 194:193-195, 1976.
25. S. R. Cajal. La retine des vertebres. La Cellule. 9:17-257, 1893. Transi, into English and reprinted in [14, pp. 772-904].
26. R. A. Young and R. T. Marrocco. Predictions about chromatic receptive fields assuming random cone connections. J. Theoretical Biology, 141(1):23-40, Nov. 8 1989.
27. M. Dubin. The inner plexiform layer of the vertebrate retina: a quantitative and comparative electron microscopic analysis. J. Comp. Neurol, 140:479-506, 1970.
28. F. M. De Monasterio. Properties of concentrically organized X and Y ganglion cells of Macaque retina. J. NeurophysioL. 41(6):1394-1417. 1978.
29. William H. Merigan. Macaque vision after magnocellular lateral geniculate lesions. Visual Neuroscience, 5(4):347-352, October 1990.
30. R. A. Young. The Gaussian derivative model for machine and biological image processing. In Proceedings of the Conference of the Society of Photographic Scientists and Engineers, pages 64-70, Springfield, VA, October 1985. SPSE, SPSE.
31. R. A. Young. Simulation of human retinal function with the Gaussian derivative model. In Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pages 564-569, Miami, FL, June 1986.
32. J. E. Dowling and B. B. Boycott. Organization of the primate retina: electron microscopy. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 166:80-111, 1966.
33. R. W. Rodieck. Maintained activity of cat retinal ganglion cells. J. Neurophysiol., 30:1043-1071, 1967.
34. B. A. McGuire, J. K. Stevens, and P. Sterling. Microcircuitry of bipolar cells in cat retina. J. Neuro Sci., 4:2920-2938, 1984.
35. B. A. McGuire, J. K. Stevens, and P. Sterling. Microcircuitry of beta ganglion cells in cat retina. J. Neuro Sci., 6:907-918, 1984.
36. Peter Sterling. Retina. In Gordon M. Shepherd, editor, The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, pages 170-213. Oxford University Press, 3rd edition, 1990.
37. R. W. Rodieck and J. S. Stone. Response of cat retinal ganglion cells to moving visual patterns. J. Neurophysiol, 28:819-832, 1965.
38. R. W. Rodieck and J. S. Stone. Analysis of receptive fields of cat retinal ganglion cells. J. Neurophysiol., 28:833-849, 1965.
39. Christina Enroth-Cugell and J. G. Robson. The contrast sensivity of retinal ganglion cells of the cat. J. Physiol., 187:517-552, 1965.
40. V. H. Perry, R. Oehler, and A. Cowey. Retinal ganglion cells that project to the dorsal geniculate nucleus in the macaque monkey. Neuroscience, 12(4):1101-1123. 1984.
41. Robert Shapley and V. Hugh Perry. Cat and monkey retinal ganglion cells and their visual functional roles. Trends in Neurosciences, 9(5):229-235, May 1986.
42. R. A. Young, Hans von Blanckensee, Richard T. Marrocco, and Russell L. De Valois. Spatial and temporal tuning differences between broadband and opponent cells in monkey lateral geniculate nucleus. In Abstract, OSA Meetings, Rochester, N.Y., October 1987. Optical Society of America.
43. B. B. Lee, P. R. Martin, and A. Valberg. The physiological basis of heterochromatic flicker photometry demonstrated in the ganglion cells of the macaque retina. J. Physiol, 404:323-347, 1988.
44. B. B. Lee, P. R. Martin, and A. Valberg. Sensitivity of macaque retinal ganglion cells to chromatic and luminance flicker. J. Physiol, 414:323-343, 1989.
45. B. B. Lee and P. R. Martin. Macaque ganglion cells and the chromatic and luminance channels of psychophysics. In J. Kulikowski, C. M. Dickinson, and I. J. Murray, editors, Seeing Contour and Colour, pages 21-35. Pergamon, 1989.
46. S. M. Sherman and C. Koch. The control of retinogeniculate transmission in the mammalian lateral geniculate nucleus. Experimental Brain Research, 63:1-20, 1986.
47. Jennifer S. Lund, R. D. Lund, A. E. Hendrickson, A. E. Bunt, and A. F. Fuchs. The origin of efferent pathways from the primary visual cortex, area 17, of the macaque monkey as shown by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 164:287-304, 1975.
48. R. T. Marrocco, J. W. McClurkin, and R. A. Young. Modulation of lgn cell responsivity by visual activation of the cortico-geniculate pathway. J. Neurosci., 2:256-263, 1982.
49. E. Harth, A. S. Pandya, and K. P. Unnikrishnan. Optimization of cortical responses by feedback modification and synthesis of sensory afferents, a model of perception and rem sleep. Concepts in Neuroscience, 1, 1990.
50. C. D. Gilbert. Microcircuitry of the visual cortex. In G. Adelman, editor, Ann. Rev. Neuroscience, Vol 6, pages 217-247. Annual Reviews, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, 1983.
51. D. C. Van Essen. Functional organization of primate visual cortex. In A. Peters and E. G. Jones, editors, Cerebral Cortex, pages 259-329. Plenum, New York, 1985.
52. John H. R. Maunsell and William T. Newsome. Visual processing in monkey extrastriate cortex. In G. Adelman, editor, Ann. Rev. Neuroscience, Vol. 10, pages 363-401. Annual Reviews, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, 1987.
53. Jennifer S. Lund. Local circuit neurons of macaque monkey striate cortex: I. neurons of laminae 4c and 5a. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 257:60-92, 1987.
54. Jennifer S. Lund. Anatomical organization of macaque monkey striate visual cortex. In W. Maxwell Cowan, editor, Ann. Rev. Neuroscience, Vol. 11, pages 253-288. Annual Reviews, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, 1988.
55. M. D. Levine. Vision in Man and Machine. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1985.
56. D. H. Hubcl and T. N. Wiesel. Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's striate cortex. J. Physiol (London), 160:106-154, 1962.
57. Rick Gore. The brain: Part II. LIFE, 71(17):42-66, Oct. 22 1971.
58. S. Marcelja. Mathematical description of the responses of simple cortical cells. J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 70:1297-1300, 1980.
59. R. A. Young. Quantitative tests of cortical visual receptive field models. In Abstract, OSA Meetings, Orlando, Florida, Oct. 17 1989. Optical Society of America.
60. R. A. Young. Orthogonal basis functions for form vision derived from eigenvector analysis. In ARVO Abstracts, page 22, Sarasota, FL, May 1978. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Abstract.
61. R. A. Young. The Gaussian derivative theory of spatial vision: Analysis of cortical cell receptive field line-weight ing profiles. Technical Report GMR-4920, General Motors Research Laboratories, Computer Science Dept., Warren, MI 48090, May 1985.
62. R. A. Young. Gaussian derivative model of spatial vision. J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, 2:102, 1985. Abstract.
63. R. A. Young. The Gaussian derivative model for machine vision: Visual cortex simulation. Technical Report GMR-5323, General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, MI 48090-9055, Jul 1986.
64. L. D. Jacobson, J. P. Gaska, H.-W. Chen, and D. A. Pollen. 2d spatial/Id temporal white-noise stimulus-response cross-correlation studies in vl of the macaque monkey. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science Supplement, 30:298, 1989. ARVO abstract.
65. David G. Stork and Hugh R. Wilson. Do Gabor functions provide appropriate descriptions of visual cortical receptive fields? Journal of Optical Society of America, 7(8): 1362-1373, 1990.
66. D. Gabor. Theory of communication. J. Inst. Elec. Eng., 93:429-457, November 1946.
67. R. L. De Valois, D. G. Albrecht, and L. G. Thorell. Spatial frequency selectivity of cells in macaque visual cortex. Vision Research, 22:545-560, 1982.
68. M. A. Webster and R. L. De Valois. Relationship between spatial-frequency and orientation tuning of striate-cortex cells. J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, 2:1124-1132, 1985.
69. S. G. Mallat. Multiresolution approach to wavelets in computer vision. In J. M. Combes, A. Grossman, and Ph. Tchamitchian, editors, Wavelets: Time-frequency Methods and Phase Space, Proceedings of the International Conference, Marseille France, 2nd Ed., pages 313-327, Berlin, Dec. 14-18 1987. Springer-Verlag.
70. J. J. Koenderink. Solid Shape. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1990.
71. Yonathan Bard. Nonlinear parameter estimation. Academic Press, New York, 1974.
72. J. J. Koenderink. The structure of images. Biological Cybernetics, 50:363-370, 1984.
73. Ronald N. Bracewell. The Fourier Transform and its Applications. McGraw-Hill, New York, 2 edition, 1986.
74. M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun. Handbook of Mathematical Functions. Dover, New York, 1965.
75. Petr Beckmann. Orthogonal Polynomials for Engineers and Scientists. Golem Press, Boulder, CO, 1973.
76. George A. Campbell and Ronald M. Foster. Fourier Integrals for Practical Applications. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., Toronto, 1948.
77. C. Cox and W. Munk. Measurement of the roughness of the sea surface from photographs of the sun's glitter. J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 44:838-850, 1954.
78. C. Cox and W. Munk. Slopes of the sea surface deduced from photographs of sun glitter. Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 6:401-488, 1956.
79. Robert M. Eisberg. Fundamental of Modern Physics. Wiley, N.Y., 1961.
80. S. A. Klein. 'Perfect' displays and 'perfect' image compression in space and time. In Proceedings, SPIE/IS & T Symposium on Electronic Imaging Science and Technology, San Jose, California, Feb. 28 1991.
81. J. G. Daugman. Spatial visual channels in the Fourier plane. Vision Research, 24:891-910, 1984.
82. John G. Daugman. Uncertainty relation for resolution in space, spatial frequency, and orientation optimized by two-dimensional visual cortical filters. Journal of Optical Society of America, 2(7):1160-1169, Jul. 1985.
83. Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnick. Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, and Particles. Wiley, N.Y., 1974.