Dopamine transmission in the initiation and expression of drug- and stress-induced sensitization of motor activity

Brain Research Reviews

Volumn 16, Issue 3, 1991, Pages 223-244

  Kalivas, Peter W ^a   Stewart, Jane ^b  

^a Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program   (United States)

^b Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale   (Canada)

Author keywords

Amphetamine; Cocaine; Dopamine; Morphine; Nucleus accumbens; Sensitization; Stress; Ventral tegmental area

Indexed keywords

AMPHETAMINE; COCAINE; DOPAMINE; DOPAMINE 1 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE 2 RECEPTOR; MORPHINE; NEUROPEPTIDE;

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MOTOR ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STRESS; TEGMENTUM;

ANIMAL; DOPAMINE; HUMAN; MOTOR ACTIVITY; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S.; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION;

EID: 0025751604     PISSN: 01650173     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0165-0173(91)90007-U     Document Type: Review

References (301)

1. Differential effect of stress on in vivo dopamine release in striatum, nucleus accumbens, and medial frontal cortex
2. 1 dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia of the rat brain
3. A10 somatodendritic dopamine autoreceptor sensitivity following withdrawal from repeated cocaine treatment
4. Neurotensin binds to dopamine
5. 3H]neurotensin binding sites in the subcortical limbic forebrain of the rat
6. 3H-N-propylapomorphine binding sites
7. Translocation of protein kinase C activity may mediate hippocampal long-term potentiation
8. Enhanced extracellular dopamine level may be the fundamental neuropharmacological basis of cross-behavioral sensitization between methamphetamine and cocaine — an in vivo dialysis study in freely moving rats
9. Subchronic cocaine treatment enhances cocaine-induced dopamine efflux, studies by in vivo intracerebral dialysis
10. Specificity of molecular changes in neurons involved in memory storage
11. Dopamine autoreceptors modulate the in vivo release of dopamine in the frontal, cingulate, and entorhinal cortices
12. 1 receptor-containing striatal neurons
13. Low doses of methylnaloxonium in the nucleus accumbens antagonize hyperactivity induced by heroin in the rat
14. Central nervous system stimulants: historical aspects and clinical effects
15. Stressor-induced sensitization to subsequent stress: implications for the development and treatment of clinical disorders
16. Dopamine autoreceptor subsensitivity: a mechanism common to the treatment of depression and the induction of amphetamine psychosis
17. Stress: its effect on interactions among biogenic amines and role in the induction and treatment of disease
18. Interchangeability of stress and amphetamine in sensitization
19. Striatonigral and pallidonigral pathways studies by a combination of retrograde horseradish peroxidase tracing and a pharmacohistochemical method for a aminobutyric acid transaminase
20. Time-dose relationships for locomotor activity effects of morphine after acute or repeated treatment
21. Classical conditioning induces long-term translocation of protein kinase C in rabbit hippocampal CA1 cells
22. Role of endogenous substance P in stress-induced activation of mesocortical dopamine neurons
23. Repeated amphetamine pretreatment alters the responsiveness of striatal dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase to amphetamine-induced desensitization
24. Long-term sensitization to the excitatory effects of morphine
25. 2 receptors with specific cellular elements in the basal ganglia of the cat: the uneven topography of dopamine receptors in the striatum is determined by intrinsic striatal cells, not nigrostriatal axons
26. Pimozide blocks establishment but not expression of amphetamine-produced environment-specific conditioning
27. Pimozide blocks establishment but not expression of cocaine-produced environment-specific conditioning
28. The role of serotonin in schizophrenia
29. The anxiogenic b-carboline FG 7142 selectively increases dopamine release in rat prefrontal cortex as measured by microdialysis
30. Cocaine increases extracellular dopamine in rat nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area as shown by in vivo microdialysis
31. Second messengers involved in the two processes of presynaptic facilitation that contribute to sensitization and dishabituation in Aplysia sensory neurons
32. Stimulant effects of enkephalin injection into the dopaminergic A10 area
33. Midbrain dopamine neurons: differential responses to amphetamine isomers
34. On the origin of substance P and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in the substantia nigra
35. Chronic morphine-induced hyperactivity in rats is altered by nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental lesions
36. Distribution, projection and dopaminergic regulation of the neurokinin B mRNA-containing neurons of the rat caudate-putamen
37. Behavioral analysis of the effect of neurotensin injected into the ventral mesencephalon on investigatory and spontaneous motor behavior in the rat
38. Substance P, neurotensin and enkephalin injections into the ventral tegmental area: comparative study on dopamine turn-over in several forebrain structures
39. Prior stress attenuates the analgesic response but sensitizes the corticosterone and cortical dopamine responses to stress 10 days later
40. Amphetamine, cocaine, phencyclidine and nomifensine increase extracellular dopamine concentrations preferentially in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats
41. Topographical distribution of possible glutamatergic pathways from the frontal cortex to the striatum and substantia nigra in rats
42. Differential control by N-methyl-d-aspartate and kainate of striatal dopamine release in vivo: a trans-striatal dialysis study
43. The long-term effects of repeated amphetamine treatment in vivo on amphetamine, KG and electrical stimulation evoked striatal dopamine release in vitro
44. Toxins in the characterization of potassium channels
45. Substance P-dopamine relationship in the rat substantia nigra: a light and electron microscopy study of double immunocytochemically labeled materials
46. In vivo presynaptic control of dopamine release in the cat caudate nucleus. Facilitatory or inhibitory influence of glutamate
47. Excitotoxin lesions suggest an aspartatergic projection from rat medial prefrontal cortex to ventral tegmental area
48. Anatomical analysis of the involvement of mesolimbocortical dopamine in the locomotor stimulant actions of d-amphetamine and apomorphine
49. + gradient reversal increase striatal synaptosomal dopamine synthesis through carrier-mediated efflux of dopamine
50. 1-dopamine receptor sensitization in neonatal 6-OHDA-lesioned rats is blocked by an NMDA antagonist
51. Quantitative radioimmuno-cytochemical evidence that haloperidol and SCH 23390 induce opposite changes in substance P levels of rat substantia nigra
52. Nigrostriatal dopamine neurons are required to maintain basal levels of substance P in the rat substantia nigra
53. Is the release of dopamine from medial prefrontal cortex modulated by presynaptic receptors? Comparison with nigrostriatal and mesolimbic terminals
54. Evidence for the existence of monoamine-containing neurons in the central nervous system. I. Demonstration of monoamines in the cell bodies of brain stem neurons
55. Electron microscopic localization of neurotensin binding sites in the midbrain tegmentum of the rat. I. Ventral tegmental area and interfascicular nucleus
56. Telencephalic projections of the A8 dopamine cells group
57. Substance K and substance P differentially modulate mesolimbic and mesocortical systems
58. The determinants of stress-induced activation of the prefrontal cortical dopamine system
59. Footshock and conditioned stress increase in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the ventral tegmental area but not substantia nigra
60. Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentrations in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats
61. Evidence for a GABAergic projection from the substantia nigra to the ventromedial thalamus and to the superior colliculus of the rat
62. Autoradiographic localization of μ-opioid and neurotensin receptors within the mesolimbic dopamine system
63. Chronic d-amphetamine in nucleus accumbens: lack of tolerance or reverse tolerance of locomotor activity
64. The effect of repeated doses of cocaine on the rat
65. 2 receptor stimulation in sensitization to amphetamine-induced circling behavior and in expression and extinction of the Pavlovian conditioned response
66. Neurochemical responses in stress: relationships between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and catecholamine systems
67. 2 dopamine autoreceptors to pergolide
68. Possible mechanism of action of morphine on brain
69. The behavioral effects of a novel substance P analogue following infusion into the ventral tegmental area or substantia nigra of the rat brain
70. Amphetamine psychosis I Description of the individuals and process
71. Evolving behavior in the clinical and experimental amphetamine model psychosis
72. Selective activation of mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine metabolism in rat brain by infusion of a stable substance P analogue into the ventral tegmental area
73. Repeated neurotensin administration in the ventral tegmental area: effects on baseline and d-amphetamine-induced locomotor activity
74. Catecholamine innervation of basal forebrain. IV. Topography of the dopamine projection to the basal forebrain and striatum
75. 2 autoreceptor sensitivity to pergolide
76. Source of presumptive glutamergic/aspartergic afferents to the rat ventral striatopallidal region
77. Studies on neurotensin-catecholamine interactions in the hypothalamus and in the forebrain of the male rat
78. Catecholamine-independent behavioral and neurochemical effects of cocaine in rats
79. Presence of substance P and GABA in separate striatonigral neurons
80. Burst firing induced in mid-brain dopamine neurons by stimulation of the medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices
81. Effects of apamin on the electrophysiological response properties of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in vitro
82. Chronic cocaine administration induces opposite changes in dopamine receptors in the striatum and nucleus accumbens
83. Non-linear relationship between impulse flow and dopamine released by rat midbrain dopaminergic neurons as studied by in vivo electrochemistry
84. Paradoxical GABA excitation of nigral dopaminergic cells: indirect mediation through reticulata inhibitory neurons
85. The control of firing pattern in nigral dopamine neurons: single spike firing
86. Opposing effects of striatonigral feedback pathways on midbrain dopamine cell activity
87. Morphology and electrophysiological properties of immunocytochemically identified rat dopamine neurons recorded in vitro
88. The excitatory amino acid antagonist kynurenate induces pacemaker-like firing of dopamine neurons in rat ventral tegmental area in vivo
89. Morphine-induced activation of A10 dopamine neurons in the rat brain
90. Morphine-induced activation of A10 dopamine neurons in the rat brain
91. Efferent connections of the ventral pallidum: evidence of a dual striatopallidofugal pathway
92. Alterations of amphetamine elicited perserveration and locomotor excitation following acute and repeated Stressor application
93. Substance P-like immunoreactive fibres in the ventromedial mesencephalic tegmentum of rat
94. Cocaine alters opiate receptor binding in critical brain reward regions
95. Response by the neurotensin systems of the basal ganglia to cocaine treatment
96. A possible pacemaker mechanism in pars compacta neurons of the guinea-pig substantia nigra revealed by various ion channel blocking agents
97. Electrophysiological effects of cocaine in the mesoaccumbens dopamine system: repeated administration
98. Repeated stress increases locomotor response to amphetamine
99. Enhancing effect of methamphetamine on ambulatory activity produced by repeated administration in mice
100. Brain locations controlling the behavioral effects of chronic amphetamine intoxication
101. Effects of withdrawal from chronic amphetamine intoxication on exploratory and stereotyped behaviors in the rat
102. Occurrence of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in subpopulations of hypothalamic, mesencephalic, and medullary catecholamine neurons
103. The action of opiates in the rat substantia nigra: an electrophysiological analysis
104. Cocaine reinforcement and extracellular dopamine overflow in rat nucleus accumbens: an in vivo microdialysis study
105. Dopamine release in the nucleus caudatus and in the nucleus accumbens is under glutamatergic control through non-NMDA receptors: a study in freely moving rats
106. Pertussis toxin blocks autoreceptor-mediated inhibition of dopaminergic neurons in rat substantia nigra
107. Substance K excites dopaminergic and nondopaminergic neurons in rat substantia nigra
108. Locomotor activity and antinociception after putative μ, χ and σ opioid receptor agonists in the rat: influence of dopaminergic agonists and antagonists
109. Neurotensin: topographical distribution in rat brain by immunohistochemistry
110. Topographic projections of substance P and GABA pathways in the striato- and pallido-nigral system: a biochemical and immunohistochemical study
111. The effect of morphine applied locally to mesencephalic dopamine cell bodies on spontaneous motor activity in the rat
112. The behavioral effects of enkephalin analogues injected into the ventral tegmental area and globus pallidus
113. Neurotensin in the ventral tegmental area: anatomical and functional considerations
114. Interactions between neuropeptides and dopamine neurons in the ventromedial mesencephalon
115. Sensitization to repeated enkephalin administration into the ventral tegmental area of the rat. II. Involvement of the mesolimbic dopamine system
116. Enkephalin release into the ventral tegmental area in response to stress: modulation of mesocorticolimbic dopamine
117. Mesolimbic dopamine lesions produce an augmented response to enkephalin
118. Behavioral and neurochemical effects of neurotensin microinjection into the ventral tegmental area
119. Substance K and substance P in the ventral tegmental area
120. Sensitization to repeated morphine injection in the rat: possible involvement of A10 dopamine neurons
121. Effects of daily cocaine and morphine treatment on somatodendritic and terminal field dopamine release
122. Similar effects of daily cocaine and stress on mesocorticolimbic dopamine neurotransmission in the rat
123. The effect of acute and daily cocaine treatment on extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens
124. Effect of acute and daily neurotensin and enkephalin treatments on extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens
125. Comparison of somatodendritic and axonal mesolimbic dopamine release using in vivo dialysis
126. Sensitization of mesolimbic dopamine neurons by neuropeptides and stress
127. Regulation of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system by glutamic acid receptor subtypes
128. Neurochemical and behavioral effects of acute and daily cocaine
129. Modulation of A10 dopamine neurons by GABA agonists
130. Effect of daily neurotensin injection into the ventral tegmental area
131. Amphetamine injection into the A10 dopamine region sensitizes rats to peripheral amphetamine, and cocaine
132. Enkephalin action on the mesolimbic dopamine system: a dopamine-dependent and a dopamine-independent increase in locomotor activity
133. Effects of methamphetamine on dopamine cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the ventral tegmental area
134. Dopaminergic and neostriatal neurons: dose-dependent changes in sensitivity to amphetamine following long-term treatment
135. Nigra dopaminergic neurons: differential sensitivity to apomorphine following long-term treatment with low and high doses of amphetamine
136. Iontophoretic evidence for subsensitivity of postsynaptic dopamine following long-term amphetamine administration
137. Nigral reticulata neurons: potentiation of responsiveness to amphetamine with long-term treatment
138. Blockade of ‘reverse tolerance’ to cocaine and amphetamine by MK-801
139. Amphetamine behavioral sensitization and the excitatory amino acids
140. Subchronic methamphetamine treatment enhances methamphetamine- or cocaine-induced dopamine efflux in vivo
141. Excitatory amino acid receptor involvement in the regulation of striatal extracellular dopamine
142. Behavioral analysis of the effect of substance P injected into the ventral mesencephalon on investigatory and spontaneous motor behavior in the rat
143. Behavioral activation induced in the rat substance P infusion into the ventral tegmental area: implication of dopaminergic A10 neurons
144. Interactions between d-Ala-Met-enkephalin, A10 dopaminergic neurons, and spontaneous behavior in the rat
145. Selective 6-OHDA-induced destruction of mesolimbic dopamine neurons abolition of psychostimulant-induced locomotor activity in rats
146. Somatodendritic release of dopamine in the ventral tegmental area following morphine
147. Amphetamine models of paranoid schizophrenia: an overview and elaboration of animal experimentation
148. Time course of the development of the enhanced behavioral and biochemical responses to amphetamine after pretreatment with amphetamine
149. Effect of methylphenidate pretreatment on the behavioral and biochemical responses to amphetamine
150. Effect of pretreatment with amphetamine on the interaction between amphetamine and dopamine neurons in the nucleus accumbens
151. Hyperactivity and hypoactivity produced by lesions to the mesolimbic dopamine system
152. Amphetamine abuse
153. Disturbed patterns of behavior in morphine tolerant and abstinent rats
154. Biochemical actions of amphetamine and other stimulants
155. Concomitant characterization of behavioral and striatal neurotransmitter response to amphetamine using in vivo microdialysis
156. 2 receptors to increase potassium conductance in neurons of the rat substantia nigra
157. B and dopamine receptors in rat substanta nigra neurones
158. Two cell types in rat substantia nigra zona compacta distinguished by membrane properties and the actions of dopamine and opioids
159. Neurotensin and cholecystokinin microinjected into the ventral tegmental area modulate microdialysate concentration of dopamine and its metabolites in the posterior nucleus accumbens
160. μ-Opioid receptor mediation of enkephalin activation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area
161. Time-dependent changes in the sensitivity of dopamine neurons to low doses of apomorphine following amphetamine infusion
162. Dopamine receptor sensitivity changes with chronic stimulants
163. 1 agonist-induced behavioral responses in rats
164. Preexposure to foot-shock sensitizes the locomotor response to subsequent systemic morphine and intra-nucleus accumbens amphetamine
165. Dopaminergic mechanisms in idiopathic and drug-induced psychoses
166. Tissue levels and in vivo release of tachykinins and GABA in striatum and substantia nigra of rat brain after unilateral striatal dopamine denervation
167. Electrophysiology or pars compacta cells in the in vitro substantia nigra — a possible mechanism for dendritic release
168. 2+-independent release of dopamine from rat striatum via dopamine uptake system
169. Coping and the stress-induced potentiation of stimulant stereotypy in the rat
170. Similar effect of D-amphetamine and cocaine on extracellular dopamine levels in medial prefrontal cortex of rats
171. An essential role for postsynaptic calmodulin and protein kinase activity in longterm potentiation
172. 2 receptor binding in the rat brain and pituitary: an in situ hybridization-receptor autoradiographic analysis
173. Electrophysiological evidence for excitation of rat ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons by morphine
174. 1) receptors in the substantia nigra of rats
175. Agonist-induced subsensitivity of adenylate cyclase coupled with a dopamine receptor in slices from rat corpus striatum
176. Neurotensin-dopamine interactions in the substantia nigra of the rat brain
177. Naloxone antagonism of stress-induced augmentation of frontal cortex dopamine metabolism
178. 3H]glutamate binding sites in rat brain
179. Stimulation of dopamine release from cultured rat mesencephalic cells by naturally occurring excitatory amino acids: involvement of both N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptor subtypes
180. 3H]dopamine release from cell cultures of rat ventral mesencephalon
181. Distribution of GABA-T-intensive neurons in the rat forebrain and midbrain
182. Projections of the pallidal complex: an autoradiographic study in the cat
183. Facilitation of a dendritic calcium conductance by 5-hydroxytryptamine in the substantia nigra
184. Expression of morphineconditioned hyperactivity is attenuated by naloxone and pimozide
185. Enhanced sterotypies after repeated injections but not continuous amphetamines
186. Interactions of neurotensin with brain dopamine systems: biochemical and behavioral studies
187. oa in discrete regions of rat brain
188. Ventral tegmental (A10) system: neurobiology. 1. Anatomy and connectivity
189. Two-color immunohistochemistry for dopamine and GABA neurons in rat substantia nigra and zona incerta
190. KCl-induced calcium-independent release of endogenous dopamine from rat brain slices
191. Imaging of memory-specific changes in the distribution of protein kinase C in the hippocampus
192. Correlation between the discharge rate of nondopamine neurons in substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area and the motor activity induced by apomorphine
193. The action of Baclofen on neurons of substantia nigra and of the ventral tegmental area
194. Effects of dopamine receptor stimulation on substance P release in substantia nigra of rats
195. Neurons containing or accumulating transmitter amino acids
196. Neurotensin receptors are found on dopaminergic-containing neurons in the rat brain: an autoradiographic study
197. Long term behavioral effects of chronic amphetamine use
198. Persistence of neurochemical changes in dopamine systems after repeated cocaine administration
199. 3H]dopamine release
200. Persistent augmented dopamine release after acute cocaine requires dopamine receptor activation
201. Neuroanatomical focus for morphine and enkephalin-induced hypermotility
202. Extracellular concentrations of cocaine and dopamine are enhanced during chronic cocaine administration
203. The cytoarchitecture of the interfascicular nucleus and the ventral tegmental area of Tsai in the rat
204. Stress- and pharmacologically induced behavioral sensitization increases vulnerability to acquisition of amphetamine self-administration
205. Neurotensin depolarizes substantia nigra dopamine neurons
206. Repeated amphetamine: reduced dopamine neuronal responsiveness to apomorphine but not quinpirole
207. 3H-SCH 23390 binding sites in the rat substantia nigra: evidence for a presynaptic localization and innervation by dopamine
208. Cocaine psychosis: a continuum model
209. Intermittent versus continuous stimulation: effect of time interval on the development of sensitization or tolerance
210. Cocaine, kindling, and psychosis
211. Drug environment interaction: context dependency of cocaine induced behavioral sensitization
212. Increasing effects of repetitive cocaine administration in the rat
213. Sensitization and kindling: implications for the evolution of psychiatric symptomatology
214. Chronic cocaine administration: sensitization and kindling effects
215. Comparative localization of neurotensin receptors on nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic terminals
216. Enhancement of effects of dopaminergic agonists on neuronal activity in the caudateputamen of the rat following long-term d-amphetamine administration
217. Differential modulation of striatal dopamine release by intranigral injection of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) dynorphin A and substance P
218. Effects of intranigral substance P and neurokinin A on striatal dopamine release. II. Interactions with bicuculline and naloxone
219. Cocaine disposition in the brain after continuous or intermittent treatment and locomotor stimulation in mice
220. Structural requirements for cocaine congeners to interact with dopamine and serotonin uptake sites in mouse brain and to induce stereotyped behavior
221. Apomorphine fails to inhibit cocaine-induced behavioral hypersensitivity
222. Effects of multiple pretreatment with apomorphine and amphetamine on amphetamineinduced locomotor activity and its inhibition by apomorphine
223. Characterization of dopamine release in the substantia nigra by in vivo microdialysis in freely moving rats
224. Stimulant drugs and stress: factors influencing individual differences in the susceptibility to sensitization
225. The neurobiology of amphetamine psychosis: evidence from studies with an animal model
226. Sensitization to stress: the enduring effects of prior stress on amphetamineinduced rotational behavior
227. Behavioral sensitization is accompanied by an enhancement in amphetamine-stimulated dopamine release from striatal tissue in vitro
228. Enduring changes in brain and behavior produced by chronic amphetamine administration: a review and evaluation of animal models of amphetamine psychosis
229. Enduring enhancement in frontal cortex dopamine utilization in an animal model of amphetamine psychosis
230. The effects of footshock stress on regional brain dopamine metabolism and pituitary β-endorphin release in rats previously sensitized to amphetamine
231. +)-amphetamine: a microdialysis study in freely moving rats
232. 1-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity and calmodulin in rat striatum
233. Sensitizing stimuli cause translocation of protein kinase C in Aplysia sensory neurons
234. Hippocampal long-term potentiation
235. Acute exacerbation of paranoid psychotic state after long-term abstinence in patients with previous methamphetamine psychosis
236. 3H]SCH 23390 binding sites in pars reticulata and pars compacta of the substantia nigra
237. Neuronal responses to iontophoretically applied dopamine glutamate and GABA of identified dopaminergic cells in the rat substantia nigra after kainate acid-induced destruction of the striatum
238. A microiontophoretic study on the nature of the putative synaptic neurotransmitter involved in the pedunculopontine-substantia nigra pars compacta excitatory pathway of the rat
239. Stimulant-induced psychosis: an evaluation of animal models
240. Long-term administration of d-amphetamine: progressive augmentation of motor activity and stereotypy
241. Animal models of stimulantinduced psychosis
242. Neurotensin and cholecystokinin coexistence within neurons of the ventral mesencephalon projections to forebrain
243. Electrophysiological effects of neurotensin on dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area of the rat in vitro
244. A direct comparison of amphetamine-induced behaviours and regional brain dopamine release in the rat using intracerebral dialysis
245. Effects of apamin on the discharge properties of putative dopamine-containing neurons in vitro
246. 8-Bromo-cAMP mimics the effects of neurotensin in midbrain dopamine neurons: a study in brain slice
247. Sensitization to cocaine stimulation in mice
248. Dopamine-mediated changes in central nervous system neurotensin systems: a role for NMDA receptors
249. The output neurones and the dopaminergic neurones of the substantia nigra receive a GABA-containing input from the globus pallidus in the rat
250. Amphetamine sensitization of stress-induced turning in animals given unilateral dopamine transplants in infancy
251. The effect of long-term amphetamine administration on the activity of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra
252. Modulation of dopamine neurons by apamin
253. Possible role for G proteins in behavioral sensitization
254. Conditioned stimulus control of the expression of sensitization of the behavioral activating effects of opiate and stimulant drugs
255. Environment-specific enhancement of hyperactivity induced by systemic or intra-VTA morphine injections in rats preexposed to amphetamine
256. Conditioning and behavioral sensitization
257. Microinjections of SCH-23390 into the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars reticulata attenuate the development of sensitization to the locomotor activating effects of systemic amphetamine
258. Increased spontaneous activity following substance P infusion into A10 dopaminergic area
259. Chronic neuroleptic treatment and mesolimbic dopamine denervation induce behavioral supersensitivity to opiates
260. Extensive co-localization of neurotensin with dopamine in rat mesocortico-frontal dopaminergic neurons
261. Local cooling of pre-frontal cortex induces pacemaker-like firing of dopamine neurons in rat ventral tegmental area in vivo
262. The projections of the ventral tegmental area and adjacent regions: a combined fluorescent retrograde tracer and immunofluorescence study in the rat
263. Substance P afferents have synaptic contacts with dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area of the rat
264. GABA-induced locomotor activity in the rat, after bilateral injection into the ventral tegmental area
265. 1 dopaminergic binding sites in the human substantia nigra: an autoradiographic study
266. Selective activation of mesocortical dopamine system by stress
267. 3H] spiroperidol binding in rat brain
268. Chronic neuroleptic treatment enhances neurotensin receptor binding in human and rat substantia nigra
269. 1 dopamine receptors in the lateral part of the substantia nigra pars reticulata after subchronic methamphetamine administration
270. D-2 but not D-1 dopamine agonists produce augmented behavioral response in rats after subchronic treatment with methamphetamine or cocaine
271. Effects of selective D-l and D-2 dopamine antagonists on development of methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization
272. Environment-specific cross-sensitization between the locomotor activating effects of morphine and amphetamine
273. Sensitization occurs to the locomotor effects of morphine and the specific mu opioid receptor agonist, DAGO, administered repeatedly to the VTA but not to the nucleus accumbens
274. Conditioning and place-specific sensitization of increases in activity induced by morphine in the VTA
275. The effect of dopamine receptor blockade on the development of sensitization to the locomotor activating effects of amphetamine and morphine
276. Amphetamine administered to the ventral tegmental area but not to the nucleus accumbens sensitizes rats to systemic morphine: lack of conditioned effects
277. Biochemical evidence of γ-aminobutyrate containing fibres from the nucleus accumbens to the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area in the rat
278. The distribution and origin of glutamate decarboxylase and choline acetyletransferase in ventral pallidum and other basal forebrain regions
279. Increased dopamine metabolism in rat striatum after infusions of substance P into the substantia nigra
280. 2 dopamine receptor agonists on substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons
281. Intravenous GABA agonist administration stimulates firing of A10 dopaminergic neurons
282. Hippocampal protein kinase C activity is reduced in poor spatial learners
283. Context-dependent cocaine sensitization: differential effect of haloperidol on development versus expression
284. Electrophysiological evidence for A10 dopamine autoreceptor sensitivity following chronic d-amphetamine treatment
285. A10 dopamine neurons: role of autoreceptors in determining firing rate and sensitivity to dopamine agonists
286. Enduring enhancement in amphetamine-stimulated striatal dopamine release in vitro produced by prior exposure to amphetamine or stress in vivo
287. Dopamine neurons projecting to the prefrontal cortex possess release modulating autoreceptors
288. Immunocytochemical evidence for direct connections between neurotensin-containing axons and dopaminergic neurons in the rat ventral midbrain tegmentum
289. Enhancement of dopamine release from striatal slices of rats that were subchronically treated with methamphetamine
290. 2 autoreceptors
291. 3H]dopamine
292. Effect of picrotoxin and nipecotic acid on inhibitory response of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area to stimulation of the nucleus accumbens
293. Blockade of behavioral sensitization to methamphetamine by lesion of hippocampo-accumbal pathway