Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Confirmed Prediabetic Individuals: Does the Clock for Coronary Heart Disease Start Ticking Before the Onset of Clinical Diabetes?

JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association

Volumn 263, Issue 21, 1990, Pages 2893-2898

  Haffner, Steven M ^a   Stern, Michael P ^a   Hazuda, Helen P ^a   Mitchell, Braxton D ^a   Patterson, Judith K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DIABETES MELLITUS; ETIOLOGY; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERINSULINEMIA; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR;

ADULT; ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; BLOOD GLUCOSE; BODY WEIGHT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY DISEASE; DIABETES MELLITUS, NON-INSULIN-DEPENDENT; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERINSULINISM; MALE; MICROCIRCULATION; MIDDLE AGE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S.; TEXAS; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 0025367559     PISSN: 00987484     EISSN: 15383598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jama.1990.03440210043030     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Diabetes Drafting Group. Prevalence of small vessel and large vessel disease in diabetic patients from 14 centres: the World Health Organization multinational study of vascular disease in diabetics. Diabetologia. 1985;28:615-640.
2. Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL. Glycosylated hemoglobin predicts the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. JAMA. 1988;260:2864-2871.
3. Fuller JH, Shipley MJ, Rose G, Jarrett RJ, Keen H. Coronary heart disease risk and impaired glucose tolerance: the Whitehall Study. Lancet. 1980;1:1373-1376
4. Yano K, Kagan A, McGee D, Rhoads GG. Glucose intolerance and nine-year mortality in Japanese men in Hawaii. Am J Med. 1982;71:71-80.
5. Jarrett RJ: Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease—chicken, egg, or neither? Diabetologia. 1984;26:99-102.
6. Herman JB, Medalie JH, Goldbourt U. Differences in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality between previously known and newly diagnosed adult diabetics. Diabetologia. 1977;13:229-234.
7. Stern MP. Type II diabetes mellitus: interface between clinical and epidemiological investigation. Diabetes Care. 1988;11:119-126.
8. Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ, King HOM, Coventry JS. Plasma insulin response among Nauruans: prediction of deterioration in glucose tolerance over six years. Diabetes. 1987;36:179-186.
9. Bogardus C, Lillioja S, Foley J, et al. Insulin resistance predicts the development of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians. Diabetes. 1987;36(suppl 1):47A.
10. Saad MF, Knowler WC, Pettitt DJ, Nelson RG, Mott DM, Bennett PH. The natural history of impaired glucose tolerance in the Pima Indians. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:1500-1506.
11. Haffner SM, Stern MP, Mitchell BD, Hazuda HP, Patterson JK. Incidence of type II diabetes mellitus in Mexican Americans predicted by fasting insulin and glucose levels, obesity and body-fat distribution. Diabetes. 1990;39:283-289.
12. Stout RW. Insulin and atheroma—an update. Lancet. 1987;1:1077-1079.
13. Reaven GM. Banting Lecture 1988: role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 1988;37:1595-1607.
14. Stern MP, Haffner SM. Body fat distribution and hyperinsulinemia as risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Arteriosclerosis. 1986; 6:123-130.
15. Reaven GM, Greenfield MS. Diabetic hypertriglyceridemia: evidence for three clinical syndromes. Diabetes. 1981;30(suppl):66-75.
16. Haffner SM, Fong D, Hazuda HP, Pugh JA, Patterson JK. Hyperinsulinemia, upper body adiposity, and cardiovascular risk factors in non-diabetics. Metabolism. 1988;37:338-345.
17. Modan M, Halkin H, Almog S, et al. Hyperinsulinemia, a link between hypertension, obesity and glucose intolerance. J Clin Invest. 1985;75:809-817.
18. Ferrannini E, Buzzigoli G, Bonadonna R, et al. Insulin resistance in essential hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:350-357.
19. Ferrannini E, DeFronzo RA. The association of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity: a review. J Nephrol. 1989;1:3-15.
20. Jarrett RJ. Is insulin atherogenic? Diabetologia. 1988;31:71-75.
21. Haffner SM, Stern MP, Hazuda HP, Mitchell BD, Patterson JK, Ferrannini E. Parental history of diabetes is associated with increased cardiovascular risk factors. Arteriosclerosis. 1989;9:928-933.
22. Zavaroni I, Bonora E, Pagliara M, et al. Risk factors for coronary artery disease in healthy persons with hyperinsulinemia and normal glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:702-706.
23. Stern MP, Rosenthal M, Haffner SM, Hazuda HP, Franco LJ. Sex difference in the effects of sociocultural status on diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican Americans: the San Antonio Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1984;120:834-51.
24. Hazuda HP, Comeaux PJ, Stern MP, Haffner SM, Eifler CW, Rosenthal M. A comparison of three indicators for identifying Mexican Americans in epidemiologic research: methodological findings from the San Antonio Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1986;123:96-112.
25. Haffner SM, Stern MP, Hazuda HP, Pugh JA, Patterson JK. Hyperinsulinemia in a population at high risk for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1986;315:220-224.
26. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program. Prev Med. 1976;5:207-215.
27. World Health Organization Expert Committee. Second Report on Diabetes Mellitus. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1980. Technical Report Series, No. 646.
28. National Diabetes Data Group. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance. Diabetes. 1979;28:1039-1057.
29. Wilkinson L. SYSTAT: The System for Statistics. Evanston, Ill: SYSTAT Inc; 1988:457-598.
30. Haffner SM, Stern MP, Hazuda HP, Mitchell BD, Patterson JK. Increased insulin concentrations in non-diabetic offspring of diabetic parents. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:1297-1301.
31. Medalie JH, Papier CM, Goldbourt U, Herman JB. Major factors in the development of NIDDM in 10,000 men. Arch Intern Med. 1975;135:811-817.
32. Pell S, d’Alonzo CA. Some aspects of hypertension in diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 1967;202:104-110.
33. Garcia MJ, McNamara PM, Gordon T, Kannel WB. Morbidity and mortality in diabetics in the Framingham population: sixteen year follow-up study. Diabetes. 1974;23:105-111.
34. Williams RR, Hunt SC, Hopkins PN, et al. Familial dyslipidemic hypertension: evidence from 58 Utah families for a syndrome present in approximately 12% of patients with essential hypertension. JAMA. 1988;259:3579-3586.
35. Hunt SC, Wu LL, Hopkins PN, et al. Apolipoprotein, low density lipoprotein subfraction, and insulin associations with familial combined hyperlipidemia: study of Utah patients with familial dyslipidemic hypertension. Arteriosclerosis. 1989; 9:335-344.
36. Grundy SM, Chait A, Brunzell JD. Familial combined hyperlipidemia workshop. Arteriosclerosis. 1987;7:203-207.
37. DeFronzo RA. The effect of insulin on renal sodium metabolism: a review with clinical implications. Diabetologia. 1981;21:165-171.
38. Rowe JW, Young JB, Minaker KL, Stevens AL, Landsberg L. Effect of insulin and glucose infusions on sympathetic nervous system activity in normal man. Diabetes. 1981;30:219-225.
39. Kasama T, Yoshino G, Iwatani I, et al. Increased cholesterol concentration in intermediate density lipoprotein fraction of normolipidemic noninsulin-dependent diabetics. Atherosclerosis. 1987; 63:263-266.
40. Brownlee M, Cerami A, Vlassara H. Advanced glycosylation end products in tissue and the biochemical basis of diabetic complications. N Engl J Med. 1988; 318:1315-1321.
41. Steinberg D, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE, Khoo JC, Witztum JL. Beyond cholesterol: modifications of low density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:915-924.
42. Austin MA, Breslow JA, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Willett WC, Krauss RM. Low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns and risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA. 1988;260:1917-1921.
43. Austin MA, King MC, Vranizan KM, Newman B, Krauss RM. Inheritance of low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns: results of complex segregation analysis. Am J Hum Genet. 1988;43:838-846.
44. Kannel WM, McGee DL. Diabetes and glucose intolerance as risk factors for cardiovascular disease: the Framingham Study. Diabetes Care. 1979;2:120-126.
45. Singer DE, Nathan DM, Wilson PWF, Anderson KM. Glycated hemoglobin is associated with cardiovascular disease in females of the Framingham cohort, even among non-diabetics. Clin Res. 1988;36:350A.
46. McPhillips JB, Barrett-Connor E, Wingard DL. Cardiovascular disease risk factors prior to the diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance and noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus in a community of older adults. Am J Epidemiol. 1990;131:443-453.