Pacing of the diaphragm to control breathing in patients with paralysis of central nervous system origin

Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery

Volumn 53, Issue 4, 1989, Pages 209-222

  Fodstad, Harald ^a  

^a TAWAM HOSPITAL   (United Arab Emirates)

Author keywords

Diaphragm pacer; Phrenic nerve stimulation; Quadriplegia; Respiratory insufficiency

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PARALYSIS; PHRENIC NERVE; PHRENIC NERVE PACING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUADRIPLEGIA; RESPIRATORY FAILURE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; CARBON DIOXIDE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; ELECTRIC STIMULATION THERAPY; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMAN; LATERALITY; MALE; MIDDLE AGE; OXYGEN; PHRENIC NERVE; RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS;

EID: 0024782242     PISSN: 10116125     EISSN: 14230372     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000099537     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Beard GM, Rockwell AD: Practical Treatise on the Medical and Surgical Uses of Electricity, ed 2. London, Lewis, 1875, pp 214–318.
2. Caldanii LMA: Institutiones physiologicae et pathologicae. Luguduni Batavorum, Luchtmans, 1784, pp 98–675.
3. Ure A: An account of some experiments made on the body of a criminal immedi-ately after execution, with physiological and practical observations. J Sci Arts (London) 1819;6:283–294.
4. Leroy-D’Etiolles M: De l’asphyxie. J Soc Gen Naufragie 1840;4:53–76.
5. Duchenne G: De l’électrisation localisée et de son application à la pathologie et à la thérapeutique, ed 3. Paris, Baillière, 1872, pp 1–914.
6. Israël F: Über die Wiederbelebung scheintoter Neugeborener mit Hilfe des elektrischen Stromes. Z Geburtshilfe Gynäkol 1927;91:602–622.
7. Israel F: Zur künstlichen Atmung durch Faradisation der Nervi phrenici. Ein neuer Wiederbelebungsapparat. Zentralbl Chir 1928;55:331–334.
8. Waud RA: Production of artificial respiration by rhythmic stimulation of the phrenic nerves. Nature 1938:140:849.
9. Sarnoff SJ, Hardenberg E, Whittenberger JL: Electrophrenic respiration. Am J Physiol 1948;155:1–9.
10. Sarnoff SJ, Maloney JV, Sarnoff LC, et al: Electrophrenic respiration in acute bulbar poliomyelitis. JAMA 1950;143:1383–1390.
11. Whittenberger JL, Sarnoff SJ, Hardenberg E: Electrophrenic respiration. II. Its use in man. J Clin Invest 1949;28:124–128.
12. Goldenthal S: Bilateral and unilateral activation of the diaphragm in the intact human. External electrical stimulation by capacitive coupling as recorded by cineradiography. Conn Med 1961;25:236–238.
13. Glenn WWL, Hageman JH, Mauro A, et al: Electrical stimulation of excitable tissue by radio-frequency transmission. Ann Surg 1964;160:338–350.
14. Judson JP, Glenn WWL: Radio-frequency electrophrenic respiration. Long-term application to a patient with primary hypoventilation. JAMA 1968;203:129–133.
15. Glenn WWL, Hogan JF, Loke JSD, et al: Ventilatory support by pacing of the conditional diaphragm in quadriplegia. N Engl J Med 1984;310:1150–1155.
16. Glenn WWL, Holcomb WG, Gee JBL, et al: Central hypoventilation. Long-term ventilatory assistance by radio-frequency electrophrenic respiration. Ann Surg 1970;172:755–773.
17. Glenn WWL, Phelps ML: Diaphragm pacing by electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve. Neurosurgery 1985;17:974–984.
18. Glenn WWL, Phelps ML, Gersten LM: Diaphragm pacing in the management of central alveolar hypoventilation; in Guilleminault C, Dement WC (eds): Sleep Apnoea Syndromes. New York, Liss, 1978, pp 333–345.
19. Bilgutay AM, Bilgutay IM, Garamella JJ, et al: Ventilation by synchronous phrenic nerve stimulation. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1970;16:213–217.
20. Dagget WM, Piccini JC, Austen WG: Intravenous electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve: A new technique for artificial respiration. Surg Forum 1965; 16: 177–180.
21. Delassus O: L’électro-entraînement diaphragmatique. Etude expérimentale, perspectives cliniques de la ventilation assistée par électro-stimulation des nerfs phréniques; thèse de méd., Grenoble, 1974, pp 1–109.
22. Delassus O, Descours C, Piquard JF, et al: Possibilités cliniques de l’électroentraînement diaphragmatique. A propos de deux cas de coma profond ventilés artificiellement au moyen de l’électrostimulation rhythmée des nerfs phréniques. Ann Chir Thorac Cardio-Vase 1975;14:202–209.
23. Delhez L: Modalités, chez l’homme normal, de la réponse électrique des piliers du diaphragme à la stimulation électrique des nerfs phréniques par de chocs uniques. Arch Int Physiol Biochim 1965:73:832–839.
24. Descours C, Dellassus O, Piquard JF: Ventilation pulmonaire artificielle par l’électrostimulation des nerfs phréniques. J Chir(Paris) 1972;104:39–612.
25. Escher DJW, Ashley W, Ertag W, et al: Clinical control of respiration by transvenous phrenic pacing. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1968; 14: 192–197.
26. Holle J, Moritz E, Thoma H, et al: Die Karussellstimulation, eine neue Methode zur elektrophrenischen Langzeitbeatmung. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1974;86:23–27.
27. Kawasaki R: Artificial pacemaking of breathing movements by medullary stimulation in adult lampreys. Jpn J Physiol 1982;31:571–583.
28. Laurent H: Électro-stimulation du nerf phrénique. Etude théorique et application clinique à propos d’un cas de tétraplégie complète C1-C2; thèse de méd., Paris-Ouest, 1976, pp 1–77.
29. Mugica J, Gisson A, Dejean D, et al: Preliminary test of a muscular diaphragm pacing system on human patients; in Lazorthes Y, Upton ARM (eds): Neurostimulation. An Overview. Mount Kisco, Futura, 1985, chap 21, pp 263–279.
30. Osterholm JL, Lemmon WM, Hooker TB, et al: Electrorespiration by stimulation of thoracic spinal cord. Surg Forum 1966;17:421–423.
31. Fodstad H, Andersson G, Blom S, et al: Phrenic nerve stimulation (diaphragm pacing) in respiratory paralysis. Appl Neurophysiol 1985;48:351–357.
32. Fodstad H, Blom S, Linderholm H: Artificial respiration by phrenic nerve stimulation (diaphragm pacing) in patients with cervical cord and brain stem lesions. ScandJ Rehabil Med 1983:15:173–181.
33. Langou RA, Cohen LS, Sheps D, et al: Ondine’s curse: Hemodynamic response to diaphragm pacing (electrophrenic respiration). Am Heart J 1978;95:295–300.
34. Glenn WWL, Gee JBL, Schachter EN: Diaphragm pacing. Application to a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1978;75: 273–281.
35. Richardson RR, Roseman B, Singh N: Diaphragm pacing in spinal muscular atrophy: Case report. Neuro surgery 1981;9:317–319.
36. Radecki LL, Romatis LA: Continuous bilateral electrophrenic pacing in an infant with total diaphragmatic paralysis. J Pediatr 1976;88:969–971.
37. Fodstad H, Blom S: Phrenic nerve stimulation (diaphragm pacing) in chronic singultus. Neurochirurgia 1984;27:115–116.
38. Glenn WWL: Hiccup (singultus); in Glenn WWL (ed) The Diaphragm. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, ed 4. Appleton-Century-Crofts, East Norwalk, 1983, chap 23, pp 359–360.
39. Haddad GG, Mazza NM, Defendini R, et al: Congenital failure of autonomic control of ventilation, gastrointestinal motility and heart rate. Medicine 1978:57: 517–526.
40. Lieberman JS, Corkill G, Nayak NN, et al: Serial phrenic nerve conduction studies in candidates for diaphragm pacing. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1980;61:528–531.
41. Oda T, Glenn WWL, Fukuda Y, et al: Evaluation of electrical parameters for diaphragm pacing: An experimental study. J Surg Res 1981;30:142–153.
42. Shaw RK, Glenn WWL, Hogan JF, et al: Electrophysiological evaluation of phrenic nerve function in candidates for diaphragm pacing. J Neurosurg 1980; 53:345–354
43. Wicks JM, Davison R, Belie N: Malfunction of a demand pacemaker caused by phrenic nerve stimulation. Chest 1978;74:303–305.
44. Hunt C, Brouillette RT, Weese-Mayer DE, et al: Diaphragm pacing in infants and children. Pace 1988; 11:2135–2141.
45. Epstein SW, Vanderlinden RG, Man SFP, et al: Lung function in diaphragm pacing. Can Med Assoc J 1979:120:1360–1368.
46. Hunt CE, Matalon SV, Thompson TR, et al: Central hypoventilation syndrome. Experience with bilateral phrenic nerve pacing in three neonates. Am Rev Respir Dis 1978;118:23–28.
47. Ilbawi MN, Idriss FS, Hunt CE, et al: Diaphragmatic pacing in infants: Techniques and results. Ann Thorac Surg 1985;40:323–329.
48. Ciesielski TE, Fukuda Y, Glenn WWL, et al: Response of the diaphragm muscle to electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve. A histochemical and ultrastructural study. J Neuro surg 1983:58:92–100.
49. Kim JH, Manuelides EE, Glenn WWL: Diaphragm pacing. Histopathological changes in the phrenic nerve following long-term electrical stimulation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1976;72:602–608.
50. Kim JH, Manuelides EE, Glenn WWL, et al: Light and electron microscopic studies of phrenic nerves after long-term electrical stimulation. J Neurosurg 1983; 58:84–91.
51. Sairenji H, Hogan JH, Glenn WWL: Influence of phrenic nerve stimulation on diaphragm blood flow; in Atsumi K, Maekawa M, Ota K (eds): Progress in Artificial Organs. Part 2. Cleveland, ISAO Press, 1984, No 204, pp 946–952.
52. Sato G, Glenn WWL, Holcomb WG, et al: Further experience with electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve: Electrically induced fatigue. Surgery 1970:68:817–826.
53. Mortimer IT, Kaufman D, Roessman U: Intramuscular electrical stimulation tissue damage. Ann Biomed Eng 1980;8:235–244.
54. Salmons S, Henriksson J: The adaptive response of skeletal muscle to increased use. Muscle Nerve 1981;4:94–104.
55. Krieger AJ, Danetsz I, Wu SZ, et al: Electrophrenic respiration following anastomosis of phrenic with brachial nerve in the cat. J Neurosurg 1983:59:262–267.
56. Danon J, Druz WS, Goldberg NB, et al: Function of the isolated paced diaphragm and the cervical accessory muscles in Cl quadriplegics. Am Rev Respir Dis 1979; 119:909–919.
57. Glenn WWL, Gee JBL, Cole DR, et al: Combined central alveolar hypoventilation and upper airway obstruction. Am J Med 1978;64:50–60.
58. Goldman MD, Mead J: Mechanical interaction between the diaphragm and rib cage. J Appl Physiol 1973;35:197–204.
59. Gottfried SB, Strohl KP, DiMarco AF, et al: Upper airway resistance during phrenic stimulation in anaesthetized dogs. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982:125:219.
60. Hyland RH, Hutcheon MA, Perl A, et al: Upper airway occlusion induced by diaphragm pacing for primary alveolar hypoventilation: Implications for the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnoea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981; 124:180–185.
61. Scharg SM, Feldman NT, Goldman MD, et al: Vocal cord closure: A cause of upper airway obstruction during controlled ventilation. Am Rev Respir Dis 1978; 117:391–397.
62. Talonen P, Baer G, Häkkinen V, et al: Implanted phrenic nerve stimulators in three tetraplegic patients. Stimulation technique and clinical experience. Proc XI Annu Meet ESAO. Alpbach, Innsbruck, 1984, vol 2, suppl 1.
63. Talonen P, Malmivuo J, Baer G, et al: Transcutaneous, dual channel phrenic nerve stimulator of diaphragm pacing. Med Biol Eng Comput 1983;21:21–30.
64. Oda T, Hogan JF, Glenn WWL, et al: A totally implantable diaphragm pacemaker for experimental studies: Effect of stimulating current level on diaphragm fatigue. Trans Int Soc Artif Organs 1979(suppl 3):484–488.
65. Satoh I, Hogan JF, Glenn WWL, et al: A demand diaphragm pacemaker. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1977;23:456–463.