The irrelevance of development studies

Third World Quarterly

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 1989, Pages 116-135

  Edwards, Michael ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTION RESEARCH; METHODOLOGY; PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH;

EID: 0024568111     PISSN: 01436597     EISSN: 13602241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01436598908420142     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. L. Timberlake, Africa in Crisis, London: Earthscan, 1985, pp 8-10.
2. P. Devitt, Good Local Practice (mimeographed) Oxford: oxfam, 1986.
3. See especially the recent work of Robert Chambers: Rural Development: putting the last first, London: Longman, 1983; ‘Putting Last Thinking First; a professional revolution’. Third World Affairs 1985, pp 78-94; ‘Putting The Last First’ in P Ekins (ed), The Living Economy: a new economics in the making, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1986, pp 305-22. For a more general critique, see N Maxwell, From Knowledge to Wisdom, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1984.
4. N. Maxwell, From Knowledge to Wisdom, p 2.
5. See D Hall, A Gillette and R Tandon, Creating Knowledge: a monopoly? Participatory research in development, Toronto; International Council for Adult Education, 1982.
6. A. Adams, ‘An Open Letter to a Young Researcher’, African Affairs 78 (313) 1979, pp 453-79.
7. Quoted in R Bunch, Two Ears of Corn: a guide to people-centred agricultural improvement, Oklahoma City: World Neighbors, 1982, p 138.
8. N. Maxwell, From Knowledge to Wisdom, p 66.
9. S. Nyoni, the Director of the Organisation of Rural Associations For Progress (orap) in Zimbabwe, made this observation in an address given to oxfam staff and supporters in Oxford in 1985.
10. See C Elliot, Comfortable Compassion? Poverty, power and the church, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1987.
11. See P Richards, Indigenous Agricultural Revolution, London: Hutchinson, 1985; R Chambers, Rural Development; P Devitt, Good Local Practice; M Vaughan, The Story of an African Famine: Gender and famine in twentieth-century Malawi, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
12. P. Richards, Indigenous Agricultural Revolution.
13. B. Sharpe, ‘Interim Report on Nutritional Anthropology Investigation’, (mimeographed) Mpika: Oda/irdp, 1987.
14. Hope, S Timmel and C Hodzi, Training for Transformation: a handbook for community workers, Gweru: Mambo Press, 1984, p 8.
15. R. Williams, Towards 2000, London: Penguin, 1983, p 266.
16. R. Chambers, ‘Putting the Last First’, p 307.
17. O. Anacleti, quoted in Y Kassam and K Mustafa, Participatory Research: an emerging alternative methodology in social science research, Nairobi: African Adult Education Association, 1982, p 110.
18. Quoted in A Adams, ‘An Open Letter’, p 473.
19. C. Banana, quoted in M de Graaf, The Importance of People: experiences, lessons and ideas on rural development training in Zimbabwe-Hlekweni and beyond, Bulawayo: Hlekweni Friends Rural Service Centre, 1987, p 9.
20. A. Adams, ‘An Open Letter’, p 477.
21. A. Klouda, Primary Health Care: so who cares?, Lilongwe: Private Hospitals Association of Malawi, 1986, p 510.
22. Quoted in C Elliot, Comfortable Compassion, p 86. For Freire's own analysis, see P Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, London: Penguin, 1972.
23. C. Elliot, Comfortable Compassion, p 86.
24. S. George, III Fares the Land: essays on food, hunger and power, London: Writers and Readers, 1984,p 64.
25. G. Fly, quoted in S Nyoni, ‘Participation in the context of rural development in Zimbabwe’, in M de Graaf, The Importance of People, p 125.
26. See S Paul, Community Participation in Development Projects: the World Bank experience, Washington Dc: World Bank Discussion Paper 6, 1987.
27. See P Oakley and D Marsden, Approaches to Participation in Rural Development, Geneva: ILO, 1984.
28. See R Kidd and M Byrne, Popular Theatre and Non-Formal Education in Botswana: a critique of pseudo-participatory popular education (mimeographed) Toronto: Theatre-For-Development Network, 1984.
29. See C Payer, The World Bank: a critical analysis. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1982; S George, III Fares The Land.
30. C. Payer, The World Bank, p 374. For an illustration of the value of the historical approach see L White, Magomero: portrait of an African village, Cambridge; Cambridge University Press, 1987.
31. See R Chambers, ‘Putting the Last First’, p 46.
32. D. Morgan, ‘The crisis of research’, West Africa, 14 October 1985, p 2158.
33. See P Richards, Indigenous Agricultural Revolution.
34. Quoted in R Bunch, Two Ears of Com, p iii.
35. See P Connolly, ‘Cooperativa de vivienda y servicios habitacionales “Guerrero”; lecciones del caso’, Boletin de Medio Ambiente y Urbanizacion 5 (18), 1987, pp 81-4.
36. See N Maxwell, From Knowledge to Wisdom.
37. See for example D Werner and B Bower, Helping Health Workers Learn, Palo Alto, California: Hesperian Foundation, 1982; R Bunch, Two Ears of Corn-, A Hope, S Timmel and C Hodzi, Training for Transformation.