Epidemiology of tuberculosis in the United States

Epidemiologic Reviews

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 1989, Pages 79-98

  Rieder, Hans L ^a   Cauthen, George M ^a   Comstock, George W ^b   Snider, Dixie E ^a  

^a CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGE; ETHNIC OR RACIAL ASPECTS; FATALITY; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED STATES;

HUMAN; RISK FACTORS; TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0024443788     PISSN: 0193936X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036046     Document Type: Article

References (117)

1. United States Public Health Service. Approach to zero tuberculosis. Public Health Rep 1960;75: 103-6.
2. Communicable Disease Center. The Arden House Conference on tuberculosis. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service publication no. 784 (reprint). Washington, DC: US GPO, 1961.
3. Comroe JH Jr. Pay dirt: the story of streptomycin. Part II. Feldman and Hinshaw; Lehman. Am Rev Respir Dis 1978;117:957-68.
4. Advisory Committee for the Elimination of Tuberculosis. A strategic plan for the elimination of tuberculosis in the United States. MMWR 1989;38(suppl 3):1-25.
5. Grigg ERN. The arcana of tuberculosis: with a brief epidemiologic history of the disease in the USA. Parts I and II. Am Rev Tuberc 1958;78: 151-72.
6. Grigg ERN. The arcana of tuberculosis: with a brief epidemiologic history of the disease in the USA. Part III. Epidemiologic history of tuberculosis in the United States. Am Rev Tuberc 1958;78:426-53.
7. Grigg ERN. The arcana of tuberculosis: with a brief epidemiologic history of the disease in the USA. Part IV. Practical remarks regarding the epidemiology of tuberculosis. Am Rev Tuberc 1958;78:583-603.
8. Doege TC. Tuberculosis mortality in the United States, 1900 to 1960. JAMA 1965;192:103-6.
9. Frost W. How much control of tuberculosis? Am J Public Health 1937;27:759-66.
10. Comstock GW. Frost revisited: the modern epidemiology of tuberculosis. Am J Epidemiol 1975; 101:363-82.
11. Palmer CE, Shaw LW, Comstock GW. Community trials of BCG vaccination. Am Rev Tuberc 1958;77:877-907.
12. Groth-Petersen E, Knudsen J, Wilbek E. Epidemiological basis of tuberculosis eradication in an advanced country. Bull WHO 1959;21:5-49.
13. Styblo K. Tuberculosis control and surveillance. Chap 6. In: Fenley DC, Petty TL, eds. Recent advances in respiratory medicine. London: Churchill Livingston, 1986:77-108.
14. Horwitz O, Palmer CE. Epidemiological basis of tuberculosis eradication. 2. Dynamics of tuberculosis morbidity and mortality. Bull WHO 1964; 30:609-21.
15. Horwitz O. Disease, cure, and death: epidemiologic and clinical parameters for chronic diseases illustrated by a model—tuberculosis. Am J Epidemiol 1973;97:148-59.
16. Styblo K, Meijer J, Sutherland I. The transmission of tubercle bacilli: its trend in a human population. Bull Int Union Tuberc 1969;42:1- 4.
17. Sutherland I. Recent studies in the epidemiology of tuberculosis, based on the risk of being in-fected with tubercle bacilli. Adv Tuberc Res 1976;19:1-63.
18. Comstock GW, Livesay VT, Woolpert SF. The prognosis of a positive tuberculin reaction in childhood and adolescence. Am J Epidemiol 1974;99:131-8.
19. Comstock GW. Tuberculosis—a bridge to chronic disease epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol 1986;124:1-16.
20. American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control. The tuberculin skin test. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981;124:356-63.
21. Edwards PQ, Edwards LB. Story of the tuberculin test. Am Rev Respir Dis 1960;81:1-47.
22. Edwards LB, Acquaviva FA, Livesay VT, et al. An atlas of sensitivity to tuberculin, PPD-B, and histoplasmin in the United States. Am Rev Respir Dis 1969;99(suppl):1-132.
23. Rust P, Thomas J. A method for estimating the prevalence of tuberculous infection. Am J Epidemiol 1975;101:311-22.
24. Rieder HL. Policy implications of a model which relates prevalence of tuberculous infection to the risk of sputum smear-positive tuberculosis in the United States. Thesis. Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 1988.
25. Centers for Disease Control. Tuberculosis in the United States 1985-1986. HHS publication no. (CDQ88-8322). Washington, DC: US GPO, 1987.
26. Centers for Disease Control. Tuberculosis in the United States 1987. HHS publication no. (CDC)89-8322. Washington, DC: US GPO, 1989.
27. O’Grady F, Riley RL. Experimental airborne tuberculosis. Adv Tuberc Res 1963;12:150-90.
28. Houk VN, Kent DC, Baker JH, et al. The Byrd study: in-depth analysis of a micro-outbreak of tuberculosis in a closed environment. Arch Environ Health 1968;16:4-6.
29. Houk VN, Baker JH, Sorensen K, et al. The epidemiology of tuberculosis infection in a closed environment. Arch Environ Health 1968;16:26-50.
30. Rose CE Jr, Zerbe GO, Lantz SO, et al. Establishing priority during investigation of tuberculosis contacts. Am Rev Respir Dis 1979;119:603-9.
31. Loudon AG, Spohn SK. Cough frequency and infectivity in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1969;99:109-11.
32. Shaw JB, Wynn-Williams N. Infectivity of pulmonary tuberculosis in relation to sputum status. Am Rev Tuberc 1954;69:724-32.
33. Grzybowski S, Barnett GD, Styblo K. Contacts of cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis. Bull Int Union Tuberc 1975;50:90-106.
34. Chapman JS, Dyerly MD. Social and other factors in intrafamilial transmission of tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1964;90:48-60.
35. Loudon RG, Williamson J, Johnson JM. An analysis of 3,485 tuberculosis contacts in the city of Edinburgh during 1954-1955. Am Rev Tuberc 1958;77:623-43.
36. Engel A, Roberts J. Tuberculin skin test reaction among adults 25-74 years, United States, 197 Hyattsville, MD, July 1977:1-40. National Center for Health Statistics. (Vital and health statistics. Series 11: Data from the National Health Survey no. 204) (DHEW publication no. (HRA)77-1649).
37. Powell KE, Farer LS. The rising age of the tuberculosis patient: a sign of success and failure. J Infect Dis 1980;142:946-8.
38. Stead WW, Lofgren JP. Does the risk of tuberculosis increase in old age? J Infect Dis 1983; 147: 951-5.
39. Styblo K. Epidemiology of tuberculosis. In: Infektionskrankheiten und ihre Erreger, Vol 4/VI. Jena, German Democratic Republic, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag 1984:77-161.
40. Medical Research Council. BCG and vole bacillus in the prevention of tuberculosis in adolescence and early adult life. Bull WHO 1972;46: 371-85.
41. Communicable Disease Center Tuberculosis Program. Reported tuberculosis data. 1965 ed. Public Health Service publication no. 638. Washington, DC: US GPO, 1965.
42. Powell KE, Brown ED, Farer LS. Tuberculosis among Indochinese refugees in the United States. JAMA 1983;249:1455-60.
43. Centers for Disease Control. Tuberculosis 1985 and the possible impact of human T-lympho- tropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus infection. MMWR 1986;35:74-5.
44. Centers for Disease Control. Tuberculosis— United States, 1985. MMWR 1986;35:699-703.
45. Centers for Disease Control. Tuberculosis, final data—United States, 1986. MMWR 1988;36: 817-20.
46. Stoneburner RL, Kristal A. Increasing tuberculosis incidence and its relationship to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in New York City. Presented at the International Conference on the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Atlanta, Georgia, April 1985.
47. Rieder HL, Snider DE Jr. Tuberculosis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. (Editorial). Chest 1986;90:469-70.
48. Centers for Disease Control. Tuberculosis— United States, first 39 weeks, 1985. MMWR 1985;34:625-7.
49. United States Public Health Service. Reported tuberculosis morbidity and other data—calendar year 1953. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service publication no. 442. Washington, DC: US GPO, 1954.
50. Centers for Disease Control. Tuberculosis among minorities. MMWR 1987;36:77-80.
51. Centers for Disease Control. Tuberculosis among Hispanics—United States, 1985. MMWR 1987; 36:568-9.
52. Centers for Disease Control. Tuberculosis among American Indians and Alaskan Natives—United States, 1985. MMWR 1987;36:493-5.
53. Centers for Disease Control. Tuberculosis in blacks—United States. MMWR 1987;36:212-20.
54. Centers for Disease Control. Tuberculosis among Asians/Pacific islanders—United States, 1985. MMWR 1987;36:331-4.
55. Bloch AB, Snider DE Jr. How much tuberculosis in children must we accept? Am J Public Health 1986;76:14-15.
56. Snider DE Jr, Rieder HL, Combs D, et al. Tuberculosis in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1988; 7:271-8.
57. Gardner RW, Robey B, Smith PC. Asian Americans: growth, change, and diversity. Popul Bull 1985;40:1-43.
58. Comstock GW, Edwards LB, Livesay VT. Tuberculosis morbidity in the US Navy: its distribution and decline. Am Rev Respir Dis 1974;110: 572-80.
59. Cauthen GM, Pio A, ten Dam HG. Annual risk of infection in developing countries since 1975. Tuberculosis Surveillance Research Unit of the IUAT. Progress Report Vol 2, 1987:1-54.
60. Greene JB, Sidhu GS, Lewin S, et al. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare: a cause of disseminated life-threatening infection in homosexuals and drug abusers. Ann Intern Med 1982;97:539- 46.
61. Fainstein V, Bolivar R, Mavligit G, et al. Disseminated infection due to Mycobacterium avium- intracellulare in a homosexual man with Kaposi’s sarcoma. J Infect Dis 1982;145:586.
62. Pape JW, Liautaud B, Thomas F, et al. Characteristics of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Haiti. N Engl J Med 1983;309: 945-50.
63. Pitchenik AE, Cole C, Russell BW, et al. Tuberculosis, atypical mycobacteriosis, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among Haitian and non-Haitian patients in south Florida. Ann Intern Med 1984;101:641-5.
64. Centers for Disease Control. Tuberculosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome—Florida. MMWR 1986;35:587-90.
65. Centers for Disease Control. Tuberculosis and AIDS—Connecticut. MMWR 1987;36:133-5.
66. Centers for Disease Control. Tuberculosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome—New York City. MMWR 1987;36:785-95.
67. Selwyn PA, Hartel D, Lewis VA, et al. A prospective study of the risk of tuberculosis among intravenous drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 1989;320: 545-50.
68. Rieder HL, Snider DE Jr, Witte JJ. Pulmonary tuberculosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. (Letter). Chest 1987;92:383-4.
69. Curran JW, Morgan WM, Hardy AM, et al. The epidemiology of AIDS: current status and future prospects. Science 1985;229:1352-7.
70. Grzybowski S, Enarson DA. The fate of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis under various treatment programmes. Bull Int Union Tuberc 1978;53:70-5.
71. International Union Against Tuberculosis Committee on Prophylaxis. Efficacy of various durations of isoniazid preventive therapy for tuberculosis: five years of follow-up in the IUAT trial. Bull WHO 1982;60:555-64.
72. Falk A, Fuchs GF. Prophylaxis with isoniazid in inactive tuberculosis: a Veterans Administration cooperative study. XII. Chest 1978;73:44-8.
73. Edwards LB, Doster B, Livesay VT, et al. Risk of tuberculosis among persons with “not active- not treated” lesions. Bull Int Union Tuberc 1972;47:151-6.
74. Snider DE Jr. The relationship between tuberculosis and silicosis. (Editorial). Am Rev Respir Dis 1978;118:455-60.
75. Paul R. Silicosis in northern Rhodesia copper miners. Arch Environ Health 1961;2:96-109.
76. Westerholm P, Ahlmark A, Maasing R, et al. Silicosis and risk of lung cancer or lung tuberculosis: a cohort study. Environ Res 1986;41:339-50.
77. Parker F Jr, Jackson H Jr, Bethea JM, et al. Studies of diseases of the lymphoid and myeloid tissues: coexistence of tuberculosis with Hodgkin’s disease and other forms of malignant lymphoma. Am J Med Sci 1932;184:694-9.
78. Kaplan MH, Armstrong D, Rosen P. Tuberculosis complicating neoplastic diseases: a review of 201 cases. Cancer 1974;33:850-8.
79. Feld R, Bodey GP, Groschel D. Mycobacteriosis in patients with malignant disease. Arch Intern Med 1976;136:67-70.
80. Bedall AC, Hill FGH, George RH, et al. Unusually high incidence of tuberculosis among boys with haemophilia during an outbreak of the disease in hospital. J Clin Pathol 1985;38:1163-5.
81. Bedall AC, Hill FGH, George RH. Haemophilia and tuberculosis. Lancet 1983;1:1226.
82. Andrew OT, Schoenfeld PY, Hopewell PC, et al. Tuberculosis in patients with end-stage renal disease. Am J Med 1980;68:59-65.
83. Belcon MC, Smith EKM, Kahana LM, et al. Tuberculosis in dialysis patients. Clin Nephrol 1982;17:14-18.
84. Lundin AP, Adler AJ, Berlyne GM. Tuberculosis in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Am J Med 1979;67:597-602.
85. Pradhan RP, Katz LA, Nidus BD, et al. Tuberculosis in dialyzed patients. JAMA 1974;229:798-800.
86. Rutsky EA, Rostand SG. Mycobacteriosis in patients with chronic renal failure. Arch Intern Med 1980;140:57-61.
87. Sasaki S, Akiba T, Suenaga M, et al. Ten years’ survey of dialysis-associated tuberculosis. Nephron 1979;24:141-5.
88. Snider DE Jr. Tuberculosis and body build. (Editorial). JAMA 1987;258:3299.
89. Palmer CE, Jablon S, Edwards Q. Tuberculosis morbidity of young men in relation to tuberculin sensitivity and body build. Am Rev Tuberc 1957;76:517-39.
90. Edwards LB, Livesay VT, Acquaviva FA. Height, weight, tuberculous infection and tuberculous disease. Arch Environ Health 1971;22:106-12.
91. Comstock GW, Palmer CE. Long-term results of BCG vaccination in the southern United States. Am Rev Respir Dis 1966;93:171-83.
92. Tverdal A. Body mass index and incidence of tuberculosis. Eur J Respir Dis 1986;69:355-62.
93. Snider DE Jr. Tuberculosis and gastrectomy. (Editorial). Chest 1985;87:414-15.
94. Thorn PA, Brookes VS, Waterhouse JAH. Peptic ulcer, partial gastrectomy, and pulmonary tuberculosis. Br Med J 1956;1:603-8.
95. Boucot KR, Dillon ES, Cooper DA, et al. Tuberculosis among diabetics: The Philadelphia Survey. Am Rev Tuberc 1952;65(suppl):1-50.
96. Silwer H, Oscarsson PN. I. Incidence and coincidence of diabetes mellitus and pulmonary tuberculosis in a Swedish county. Acta Med Scand 1958;161(suppl 335):1-23.
97. Oscarsson PN, Silwer H. II. Incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among diabetics. Acta Med Scand 1958;161(suppl 335):23-48.
98. Opsahl R, Riddervold HO, Aas TW. Pulmonary tuberculosis in mitral stenosis and diabetes mellitus. Acta Tuberc Scand 1961;40:290-6.
99. Singh SPN, Mehra NK, Dingley HB, et al. HLA- A, -B, -C, and -DR antigen profile in pulmonary tuberculosis in North India. Tissue Antigens 1983;21:380-4.
100. Mehra NK, Bovornkitti S. HLA and tuberculosis—a reappraisal. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1986;4:149-56.
101. Xingpei X, Senbin L, Chaoying W, et al. Study on the association of HLA with pulmonary tuberculosis. Immunol Invest 1986;15:327-32.
102. Hawkins BR, Higgins DA, Chan SL, et al. HLA typing in the Hong Kong Chest Service/British Medical Research Council study of factors associated with the breakdown to active tuberculosis in inactive pulmonary lesions. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;138:1616-21.
103. Overfield T, Klauber MR. Prevalence of tuberculosis in Eskimos having blood group B gene. Hum Biol 1980;52:87-92.
104. Yu G, Hsieh C, Peng J. Risk factors associated with the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among sanitary workers in Shanghai. Tubercle 1988;69:105-12.
105. Lurie MB. Chapter XI. Role of adrenal cortex in native resistance to tuberculosis. In: Lurie MB, ed. Resistance to tuberculosis: experimental studies in native and acquired defensive mechanisms. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1964:244-64.
106. Horne NW. A critical evaluation of corticosteroids in tuberculosis. Bibl Tuberc 1966;22:1-54.
107. Haanaes OC, Bergmann A. Tuberculosis emerging in patients treated with corticosteroids. Eur J Respir Dis 1983;64:294-7.
108. Schatz M, Patterson R, Kloner R, et al. The prevalence of tuberculosis and positive tuberculin skin tests in a steroid-treated asthmatic population. Ann Intern Med 1976;84:261-5.
109. Smyllie HC, Connolly CK. Incidence of serious complications of corticosteroid therapy in respiratory disease. Thorax 1968;23:571-81.
110. Youmans GP, Youmans AS. The effect of hormonal preparations on the survival of mice injected intravenously with virulent, attenuated and avirulent mycobacteria. Am Rev Tuberc 1954;69:790-6.
111. Ruml D, Haelig AW. Activation of tuberculosis during prednisone therapy. Am Rev Respir Dis 1957;76:140-3.
112. Millar JW, Horne NW. Tuberculosis in immu- nosuppressed patients. Lancet 1979;1:1176-8.
113. American Thoracic Society /Centers for Disease Control. Treatment of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in adults and children. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;134:355-63.
114. Snider DE Jr. Jejunoileal bypass for obesity: a risk factor for tuberculosis. (Editorial). Chest 1982;81:531-2.
115. Pickleman JR, Evans LS, Kane JM, et al. Tuberculosis after jejunoileal bypass for obesity. JAMA 1975;234:744.
116. Bruce RM, Wise L. Tuberculosis after jejunoileal bypass for obesity. Ann Intern Med 1977;87:574- 6.
117. American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control/Natonal Institutes of Health/Pittsfield Antituberculosis Association. Future research in tuberculosis: prospects and priorities for elimination. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;134:401-20.