The biomechanical response of the lower abdomen to belt restraint loading

Journal of Trauma - Injury, Infection and Critical Care

Volumn 29, Issue 11, 1989, Pages 1571-1584

  Miller, Mary Alice ^a  

^a GM Research Lab   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABDOMINAL INJURY; ANIMAL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; METHODOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEATBELT; SWINE;

ABDOMINAL INJURIES; ANIMAL; BIOMECHANICS; CONTUSIONS; ELASTICITY; HETASTARCH; INJURY SEVERITY SCORE; PRESSURE; SEAT BELTS; STARCH; SUPINATION; SWINE; WOUNDS, NONPENETRATING;

EID: 0024332234     PISSN: 00225282     EISSN: 15298809     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005373-198911000-00019     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Backwinkel, K. D.: Injuries from seat belts. J.A.M.A., 205: 305, 1968.
2. Beckman, D. L., McElhaney, J. H., Roberts, V. L., et al.: Impact tolerance Abdominal injury. Ann Arbor, Michigan, Highway Safety Research Institute, June 1971.
3. Bergqvist, D., Dahlgren, S., Hedelin, H.: Rupture of the diaphragm in patients wearing a seat belt. J. Trauma. 18: 781-783, 1978.
4. Bondv, N.: Abdominal injuries in the national crash severity study. In National Center for Statistics and Analysis Collected Technical Studies, Vol. II: Accident Data Analysis of Occupant Injuries and Crash Characteristics. Washington, D.C., NHTSA, 1980, pp. 59-80.
5. Burke, D. D.: Spinal cord injuries. Austral. N. Z. Surg., 47: 166-170, 1977.
6. Campbell, D. K., Austin, R. F.: Seat belt injury: Injury of the abdominal aorta. Radiology. 192: 123-124, 1969.
7. Cavanaugh, J. M., Nyquist, O. W., Goldberg, S. J., et al.: Lower abdominal tolerance and response. Society of Automotive Engineers Paper no. 861878, 1986.
8. Cocke, W. M., Mever, K. K.: Splenic rupture due to improper placement of automotive safety belt. J.A.M.A., 183: 193, 1963.
9. Dardik, H., Ibraham, M. I.: The spectrum of seat belt injuries. Lawyer's Med. J., 6: 50-75, 1977.
10. Dardik, H., Warren, A., Dardik, I.: Diaphragmatic, visceral and somatic injuries following rear lap seat belt trauma. N.Y. State J. Med 73: 577, 1973.
11. Dehner, J. R.: Seat belt injuries of the spine and abdomen. Am. J. Roentgenol., Rad. Ther. Nucl. Med., 111: 833-843, 1971.
12. DeJeammes, M., Biard, R., Derrien, Y.: Factors influencing the estimation of submarining on the dummy. Society of Automotive Engineers Paper no. 811021, 1981.
13. DiFiore, F. R., Gin, O.: Injuries due to automotive seat belts. Artier. Surgeon, 34: 828, 1968.
14. Epstein, B. S., Epstein, J. A., Jones, M. D.: Lap-sash three point seat belt fractures of the cervical spine. Spine, 3: 189-193, 1978.
15. Gill, W. J.: Serious seat belt injuries. Rocky Mountain Med., 67: 27, 1970.
16. Grantham, S. A., Malberg, M. I., Smith, D. M.: Thoracolumbar spine flexion distraction injury. Spine, 1: 172-177, 1976.
17. Huelke, D. F., Lawson, T. E.: Lower torso injuries and automobile seat belts. Society of Automotive Engineers Paper No. 760370, Warrendale, PA., 1978.
18. Holt, B. W.: Spines and seat belts: Mechanisms of spinal injury in motor vehicle crashes. Med. J. Austral., 2: 411-413, 1976.
19. Horsch, J. D., Lau, I. V., Viano, D. C., et al.: Mechanism of abdominal injury by steering wheel loading. Proceedings of the Twenty-ninth Stapp Car Crash Conference. SAE Paper 851724, 1985.
20. Kallieris, D., Mellander, H., et al.: Comparison between frontal impact tests with cadavers and dummies in a simulated true car restrained environment. Society of Automotive Engineers Paper no. 821170, 1982.
21. Lau, I., Viano, D. C.: An experimental study on hepatic injury from belt restraint loading. Aviat. Space Environ. Med., 52: 611-617, 1981.
22. Lau, I. V., Viano, D. C.: Influence of impact velocity and chest compression on experimental pulmonary injury severity in an animal model. J. Trauma, 21: 1022-1028, 1981.
23. Lau, I., Viano, D. C.: Influence of impact velocity on the severity of nonpenetrating hepatic injury. J. Trauma, 21: 115-123, 1981.
24. Lau, I., Viano, D. C.: The Viscus Criterion: Basis and applications of an injury severity index for soft tissues., SAE Transactions Vol. 95, 1986, p. 189. In Proceedings of the, 300th Stapp Car Crash Conference, pp. 123-142, SAE Technical Paper #861882, October 1986.
25. Lau, I. V., Horsch, J. D., Viano, D. C., et al.: Mechanism of liver injury by steering wheel loading. J. Trauma, 27: 225-235, 1987.
26. Lau, I. V., Viano, D. C., Doty, D. B.: Experimental cardiac trauma—Ballistics of a captive bolt pistol. J. Trauma, 21: 39-41, 1981.
27. Leung, Y. C., Tarriere, C., et al.: A comparison between part 572 dummy and human subject in the problem of submarining. Society of Automotive Engineers Paper no. 791026, 1979.
28. Leung, Y. C., Tarriere, C., Lestralin, D., et al.: Submarining injuries of three-point belted occupants in frontal collisions: Description, mechanisms and protection. SAE paper no. 821158. 26th Stapp Car Crash Conference Proc., SAK, 1982.
29. Madding, G. F., Lim, R. C., Kennedy, P. A.: Hepatic and vena caval injuries. Surg. Clin. No. Amer 47: 274 289, 1977.
30. McLeod, J. H., Nicholson, D. M.: Seat belt trauma to the abdomen. Canad. J. Surg; 12: 202, 1969.
31. Partyka, S. The search for possible submarining injuries. Warren, Michigan, General Motors Research Laboratory Report no. QB81 -219412, 1981.
32. Patrick, L. M., Andersson, A.: 'I'hree-point harness accident and laboratory data comparison. Society of Automotive engineers Paper no. 82, New York, NY, 1974.
33. Porter, S. D., Green, K. W.: Seat belt injuries. A.M.A. Arch. Surg 96: 242, 1968.
34. Ritchie, W. P., Essek, R. A., Bunck, W. L., et al.: Combined visceral and vertebral injuries from lap type seat belts. Surg Glynecol. Obstet., 31: 431-435, 1970.
35. Rouhana, S. YV.: Abdominal injury prediction in lateral impact —An analysis of the biofidelitv of the Euro-Sid abdomen. SAE Technical Paper no. 872203, 1987.
36. Rouhana, S. W., Lau, I. V., Ridella, S. A.: Influence of velocity and forced compression on the severity of abdominal injury in blunt, nonpenetrating lateral impact. J. Trauma, 25: 490-500, 1985.
37. Shamblin, R.: Seat belt injuries. Arch. Surg;., 97: 474, 1968.
38. Skold, G., Voigt, G. E.: Spinal injuries in belt-wearing car occupants killed bv head-on collisions, Injury, 9: 151-161, 1977.
39. Snyder, C. Bowel injuries from automobile seat belts. Am. J. Surg;., 123: 312, 1972.
40. Stalnaker, R. L., McElhanev, J. H., Snyder, R. G., et al.: Door crashworthiness criteria. NT1S no. PB204171, 1971.
41. Stalnaker, R. L., Roberts, V. L., McElhaney, J. H.: Door crashwor thiness criteria. NTIS no. PB225000, 1973.
42. Stalnaker, R. L., Ulman, M. S.: Abdominal trauma—Review, response, and criteria. Society of Automotive Engineers Paper no. 851720, 1985.
43. Stein, P. D., Sabbah, H. N., Viano, D. 0., et al.: Response of the heart to nonpenetrating cardiac trauma. J. Trauma, 22: 364-373, 1982.
44. Swindle, M. M., Porcine in surgical research: An overview. In Tumbleson, M.E. (ed.): Swine in Biomedical Research, Volume 1. New York and London, Plenum Press, 1986, p. 235.
45. Tang, O. T., Mir, A., Delamore, I. W.: Unusual presentation of seat belt syndrome. Hr. Med. J., 4: 750, 1974.
46. The Abbreviated Injury Scale. Des Plaines, Illinois, American Association lor Automotive Medicine, 1985.
47. Towne, J. B., Coe, D.: Seat belt trauma to the colon, Am. J. Surg;., 122: 683, 1971.
48. Trollope, M. L., Stalnaker, R. L., McElhaney, -I. H., et al.: Mech anism of injury in blunt abdominal trauma. J. Trauma, 13: 962-970, 1973.
49. Viano, D. C., Artinian, C. G: Myocardial conducting system dys functions from thoracic impact. J. Trauma, 18: 452-459, 1978.
50. Viano, D. C., Lau, I. V.: Thoracic impact: A Viscus Tolerance Criterion. Proceedings of the Third International Meeting on the Simulation and Heconstruction of Impacts in Collisions. Lyon, France, International Research Committee on the Biokinetics of Impacts, INRETS, 1985, pp. 142-156.
51. Viano, D. C., Lau, I. V.: Role of impact velocity and chest compression in thoracic injury. Aviat. Space Environ. Med., 54: 16-21, 1983.
52. Viano, D. C., Lau, I. V.: A Viscus tolerance criterion for soft tissue injury assessment. J. Biomech., 21: 387-399, 1988.
53. Viano, D. C., Warner, C. Y.: Thoracic impact response of live porcine subjects. Society of Automotive Engineers Paper no. 760823, Warrendale, PA, pp. 731-765, 1976.
54. Walfish, G., Fayon, A., Tarriere, O., et al.: Designing of a dummy’s abdomen for detecting injuries in side impact collisions. Proceedings of the 5th IKCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impacts, 1980.
55. Williams, J. S., Kirkpatrick, J. R.: The nature of seat belt injuries. J. Trauma, 11: 207, 1971.
56. Williams, J. S., Lies, B. A., Hale, H. W., Jr: The automotive safety belt, in saving a life, may produce intra-abdominal injuries. J. Trauma, 6: 303, 1966.
57. Witte, C. L.: Mesentery and bowel injuries from automotive seat belts Ann. Surg., 167: 486, 1968.
58. Zacheis, H. G., Condon, R. E.: Seat belts and intra-abdominal trauma: Report of two unusual cases. J. Trauma. 12: 85, 1972