A Prospective Study of Past Use of Oral Contraceptive Agents and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 319, Issue 20, 1988, Pages 1313-1317

  Stampfer, Meir J ^a,b   Willett, Walter C ^a,b   Colditz, Graham A ^a   Speizer, Frank E ^a   Hennekens, Charles H ^a  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT;

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FEMALE; HUMAN; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; THEORETICAL STUDY;

EID: 0024271232     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: 15334406     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198811173192004     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Mann JI, Vessey MP, Thorogood M, Doll R. Myocardial infarction in young women with special reference to oral contraceptive practice. Br Med J 1975; 2: 241–5.
2. Mann JI, Inman WHW. Oral contraceptives and death from myocardial infarction. Br Med J 1975; 2: 245–8.
3. Mann JI, Inman WHW, Thorogood M. Oral contraceptive use in older women and fatal myocardial infarction. Br Med J 1976; 2: 445–7.
4. Shapiro S, Slone D, Rosenberg L, Kaufman DW, Stolley PD, Miettinen OS. Oral-contraceptive use in relation to myocardial infarction. Lancet 1979; 1: 743–7.
5. Rosenberg L, Hennekens CH, Rosner B, Belanger C, Rothman KJ, Speizer FE. Oral contraceptive use in relation to nonfatal myocardial infarction. Am J Epidemiol 1980; 111: 59–66.
6. Vessey M, Doll R, Peto R, Johnson B, Wiggins P. A long-term follow-up study of women using different methods of contraception — an interim report. J Biosoc Sci 1976; 8: 373–427.
7. Hennekens CH, Evans D, Peto R. Oral contraceptive use, cigarette smoking and myocardial infarction. Br J Fam Plann 1979; 5: 66–7.
8. Ory H. Association between oral contraceptives and myocardial infarction: a review. JAMA 1977; 237: 2619–22.
9. Krueger DE, Ellenberg SS, Bloom S, et al. Fatal myocardial infarction and the role of oral contraceptives. Am J Epidemiol 1980; 111: 655–74.
10. Slone D, Shapiro S, Kaufman DW, Rosenberg L, Miettinen OS, Stolley PD. Risk of myocardial infarction in relation to current and discontinued use of oral contraceptives. N Engl J Med 1981; 305: 420–4.
11. Stadel BV. Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 1981; 305: 612–8,672–7.
12. Further analyses of mortality in oral contraceptive users: Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study. Lancet 1981; 1: 541–6.
13. Sartwell PE, Stolley PD. Oral contraceptives and vascular disease. Epidemiol Rev 1982; 4: 95–109.
14. Rosenberg L, Kaufman DW, Helmrich SP, Miller DR, Stolley PD, Shapiro S. Myocardial infarction and cigarette smoking in women younger than 50 years of age. JAMA 1985; 253: 2965–9.
15. Cook NR, Scherr PA, Evans DA, et al. Regression analysis of changes in blood pressure with oral contraceptive use. Am J Epidemiol 1985; 121: 530–40.
16. Briggs E, Mack A, Taylor L, et al. Blood-pressure in women after one year of oral contraception. Lancet 1971; 1: 467–70.
17. Weir RJ, Briggs E, Mack A, Naismith L, Taylor L, Wilson E. Blood pressure in women taking oral contraceptives. Br Med J 1974; 1: 533–5.
18. Fisch IR, Frank J. Oral contraceptives and blood pressure. JAMA 1977; 237: 2499–503.
19. Hennekens CH, Evans DA, Castelli WP, Taylor JO, Rosner B, Kass EH. Oral contraceptive use and fasting triglyceride, plasma cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. Circulation 1979; 60: 486–9.
20. Wallace RB, Hoover J, Barrett-Connor E, et al. Altered plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels associated with oral contraceptive and oestrogen use: report from the Medications Working Group of the Lipid Research Clinics Program. Lancet 1979; 2: 112–5.
21. Knopp RH, Waiden CE, Wahl PW, Hoover JJ. Effects of oral contraceptives on lipoprotein triglyceride and cholesterol: relationships to estrogen and progestin potency. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982; 142: 725–31.
22. Layde PM, Ory HW, Schlesselman JJ. The risk of myocardial infarction in former users of oral contraceptives. Fam Plann Perspect 1982; 14: 78–80.
23. Petitti DB, Wingerd J, Pellegrin F, Ramcharan S. Risk of vascular disease in women: smoking, oral contraceptives, noncontraceptive estrogens, and other factors. JAMA 1979; 242: 1150–4.
24. Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Rosner BA, Hennekens CH, Speizer FE. Dietary fat and the risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 22–8.
25. Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Colditz GA, Rosner BA, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of postmenopausal estrogen therapy and coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1985; 313: 1044–9.
26. World Health Organization. IHD registers: report of the fifth working group. Copenhagen: World Health Organization, 1971.
27. Walker AE, Robins M, Weinfeld FD. The National Survey of Stroke: clinical findings. Stroke 1981; 12: Suppl 1: I-13-I-44.
28. Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Speizer FE, et al. Test of the National Death Index. Am J Epidemiol 1984; 119: 837–9.
29. Rothman KJ, Boice JD Jr. Epidemiologic analysis with a programmable calculator. Washington, D.C.: Public Health Service, 1979. (NIH publication no. 79–1649.)
30. Cox DR. Regression models and life-tables. J R Stat Soc [B] 1972; 34: 187–220.
31. Coulter A, Vessey M, McPherson K, Crossley B. The ability of women to recall their oral contraceptive histories. Contraception 1986; 33: 127–37.
32. Bean JA, Leeper JD, Wallace RB, Sherman BM, Jagger H. Variations in the reporting of menstrual histories. Am J Epidemiol 1979; 109: 181–5.
33. Colditz GA, Martin P, Stampfer MJ, et al. Validation of questionnaire information on risk factors and disease outcomes in a prospective cohort study of women. Am J Epidemiol 1986; 123: 894–900.
34. Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Shapiro S. Oral contraceptive use and myocardial infarction. CVD Epidemiol Newsl 1988; 43: 29. abstract.