Visual strain during VDU work: The effect of viewing distance and dark focus

Ergonomics

Volumn 31, Issue 10, 1988, Pages 1449-1465

  Jaschtnski Kruza, Wolfgang ^a  

^a LEIBNIZ RESEARCH CENTRE FOR WORKING ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN FACTORS   (Germany)

Author keywords

Accommodation; Convergence; Visual work

Indexed keywords

ACCOMMODATION; ADULT; CONTROLLED STUDY; EYE STRAIN; FATIGUE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; TASK PERFORMANCE; VISUAL DISPLAY UNIT; WORKLOAD;

ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR; ASTHENOPIA; DARK ADAPTATION; DATA DISPLAY; HUMAN; MICROCOMPUTERS; VISUAL ACUITY;

EID: 0024227423     PISSN: 00140139     EISSN: 13665847     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00140138808966788     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Berns, T. (Editor), 1984, Die ergonomischen Prinzipien der Buroautomation (Ericsson Information Systems AB, Bromma, Sweden).
2. Charman, W. N., 1974, On the position of the plane of stationarity in laser refraction. American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics, 51, 832-838.
3. Collins, C. C., O’Meara, D., and Scott, A. B., 1975, Muscle tension during unrestrained human eye movements. Journal of Physiology (London), 245, 351—369.
4. Ebenholtz, S. M., 1983, Accommodative hysteresis: a precursor for induced myopia? Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 24, 513-515.
5. Finney, D. J., 1971, Probit Analysis (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).
6. Fisher, R. F., 1977, The force of contraction of the human ciliary muscle during accommodation. Journal of Physiology (London), 270, 51-74.
7. Gilmartin, B., 1986, A review of the role of sympathetic innervation of the ciliary muscle in ocular accommodation. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 6, 23-37.
8. Grandjean, E., Hunting, W., and Pidermann, M., 1983, VDT workstation design: preferred settings and their effects. Human Factors, 25, 161-175.
9. Grandjean, E., Nishiyama, K., HOnting, W., and Piderman, M., 1982, A laboratory study on preferred and imposed settings of a VDT workstation. Behaviour and Information Technology, I, 289-304.
10. Hedman, L. R., and Briem, V., 1984, Short-term changes in eyestrain of VDU users as a function of age. Human Factors, 26, 357-370.
11. Helander, M. G., and Rupp, B. A., 1984, An overview of standards and guidelines for visual display terminals. Applied Ergonomics, 15, 185-195.
12. Hennessy, R. T., and Leibowitz, H. W., 1972, Laser optometer incorporating the Badal principle. Behaviour Research Methods and Instrumentation, 4, 237-239.
13. HOnting, W., Laubli, T., and Grandjean, E., 1981, Postural and visual loads at VDT workplaces. Ergonomics, 24, 917-931.
14. Jaschinski-Kruza, W., 1987, Is the resting state of our eyes a favorable viewing distance for VDU work? In Work With Display Units 86 (Edited by B. Knave and P.-G. Wideback) (North-Holland, Amsterdam), pp. 526-538.
15. Jaschinski-Kruza, W., 1988, Beanspruchung bei Bildschirmarbeit: die Belastung der Augenmuskulatur bei verschiedenen Sehabstanden (VDI-Verlag, Dusseldorf).
16. Johnson, C. A., 1976, Effects of luminance and stimulus distance on accommodation and visual resolution. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 66, 138-142.
17. Johnson, C. A., Post, R. B., and Tseutakj, T. K., 1984, Short-term variability of the resting focus of accommodation. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 4, 319-325.
18. Kintz, R. T., and Bowker, D. O., 1982, Accommodation response during a prolonged visual search task. Applied Ergonomics, 13, 55-59.
19. Krueger, H., Hessen, J., and Zulch, J., 1982, Bedeutung der Akkommodation fur das Sehen am Arbeitsplatz. Zeitschrift fur Arbeitswissenschaft, 36, 159-163.
20. Kruger, P. B., 1980, The effect of cognitive demand on accommodation. American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics, 57, 440-445.
21. Leibowitz, H. W., and Owens, D. A., 1978, New evidence for the intermediate position of relaxed accommodation. Documenta of Ophthalmologica, 46, 133-147.
22. Lieberman, H. R., and Pentland, A. P., 1982, Microcomputer-based estimation of psychophysical thresholds: the Best-PEST. Behavior Research Methods and Instrumentation, 14, 21-25.
23. Malmstrom, F. V., Randle, R. J., Bendix, J. S., and Weber, R. J., 1980, The visual accommodation response during concurrent mental activity. Perception and Psychophysics, 28, 440-448.
24. Malmstrom, F. V., and Randle, R. J., 1984, Effect of a concurrent counting task on dynamic visual accommodation. American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics, 61, 590-594.
25. Murch, G., 1982, How visible is your display? Electro-Optical System Design, 14, 43-49.
26. OSTBERG, O., 1980, Accommodation and visual fatigue in display work. In Ergonomic Aspects of Visual Display Terminals (Edited by E. Grandjean and E. Vigliani) (Taylor & Francis, London), pp. 41-52.
27. Owens, D. A., 1984, The resting state of the eyes. American Scientist, 72, 378-387.
28. Owens, D. A., and Wolf-Kelly, K., 1987, Near work, visual fatigue, and variations of oculomotor tonus. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 28, 743-749.
29. Post, R. B., Johnson, C. A., and Owens, D. A., 1985, Does performance of tasks affect the resting focus of accommodation? American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics, 62, 533-537.
30. Raymond, J. E., 1986, Viewing distance affects reaction time to discriminate letters of a constant, small size. Perception and Psychophysics, 40, 281-286.
31. Roscoe, S. N., 1985, Training good eyes to see better. Displays, 6, 218-220.
32. Siegel, S., 1956, Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences (McGraw-Hill, New York).
33. Simonelli, N. M., 1980, Polarized vernier optometer. Behavior Research Methods and Instrumentation, 12, 293-296.
34. Tan, R. K. T., and O’Leary, D. J., 1986, Stability of the accommodative dark focus after periods of maintained accommodation. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 27, 1414-1417.
35. Toates, F. M., 1972, Accommodation function of the human eye. Physiological Reviews, 52, 828-863.
36. Watt, R. J., and Andrews, D. P., 1981, APE: Adaptive probit estimation of psychometric functions. Current Psychological Reviews, 1, 205-214.
37. Weber, A., Sancin, E., and Grandjean, E., 1984, The effects of various keyboard heights on EMG and physical discomfort. In Ergonomics and Health in Modern Offices (Edited by E. Grandjean) (Taylor & Francis, London), pp. 477-483.
38. Weston, H. C., 1949, Sight, Light and Efficiency (Lewis, London).
39. Wyszeckj, G., and Stiles, W. S., 1967, Color Science. Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulas (Wiley, New York).
40. Zülch, J., and Krueger, H., 1982, Bedeutung der Scharfentiefe und Wahmehmungstiefe der Augen fur das Sehen am Arbeitsplatz. Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Prdventivmedizin, 17, 1-4.