Maternal literacy modifies the effect of toilets and piped water on infant survival in Malaysia

American Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 127, Issue 5, 1988, Pages 1079-1087

  Esrey, Steven A ^a   Habicht, Jean Pierre ^b  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

Education; Infant mortality; Sanitation; Water supply

Indexed keywords

EDUCATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ETIOLOGY; HUMAN; ILLITERACY; INFANT; INFANT MORTALITY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SANITATION; TOILET; WATER SUPPLY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYGIENE; INFANT MORTALITY; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALAYSIA; MOTHERS; SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, NON-P.H.S.; TOILET FACILITIES; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 0023949390     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114884     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Esrey SA, Habicht J-P. Epidemiologic evidence for health benefits from improved water and sanitation in developing countries. Epidemiol Rev 1986;8:117-28.
2. Blum D, Feachem RG. Measuring the impact of water supply and sanitation investments on diarrhoeal diseases: problems of methodology. Int J Epidemiol 1983;12:357-65.
3. Habicht J-P, DaVanzo J, Butz WP. Mother's milk and sewage: their interactive effects on infant mortality. Pediatrics 1988;81:456-61.
4. Butz WP, Habicht J-P, DaVanzo J. Environmental factors in the relationship between breastfeeding and infant mortality: the role of sanitation and water in Malaysia. Am J Epidemiol 1984;119:516-25.
5. Butz WP, DaVanzo J. The Malaysian Family Life Survey: Summary Report, R-2351-AID. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, 1978.
6. Butz WP, DaVanzo J, Habicht J P. Biological and behavioral influences on the mortality of Malaysian infants. N-1638-AID. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, 1982.
7. Habicht J-P, DaVanzo J, Butz WP. Does breastfeeding really save lives, or are apparent benefits due to biases? Am J Epidemiol 1986;123:279-90.
8. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstem H. Epidemiologic research: principles and quantitative methods. Belmont, CA: Lifetime Learning Publications, 1982.
9. Statistical Analysis System. SAS supplemental user's guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc, 1981.
10. Statistical Analysis System. SAS user's guide: statistics. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, 1982.
11. Meegema SA. Socioeconomic determinants of infant and childhood mortality in Sri Lanka: an analysis of post-war experience. London: World Fertility Survey Report 8, 1980.
12. Merrick T. The effect of piped water on early childhood mortality in urban Brazil, 1970-1976. Demography 1985;22:l-24.
13. Rajasekaran P, Dutt PR, Pisharoti KA. Impact of water supply on the incidence of diarrhoea and shigellosis among children in rural communities in Madurai. Indian J Med Res 1977;66:189-99.
14. Feachem RG, Burns E, Cairncross S, et al. Water, health and development. London: Tri-Med Books, 1978.
15. Shiffman MA, Schneider R, Faigenblum JM, et al. Field studies on water, sanitation and health education in relation to health status in Central America. Prog Water Tech 1978;2:143-50.
16. Esrey SA. The effect of improved water supplies and sanitation on child growth and diarrhea) rates in Lesotho. PhD thesis. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, 1987.
17. White GF, Bradley DJ, White AU. Drawers of water: domestic water use in East Africa. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1972.
18. Yee V. Household level correlates of child nutritional status in Fiji. Master's thesis. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, 1984.
19. Magnani R, Tourkin S, Hartz M. Evaluation of the provincial water project in the Philippines. International Statistical Program Center, Bureau of the Census, US Dept of Commerce, Washington, DC, 1984.
20. Thacker SB, Music SI, Pollard RA, et al. Acute water shortage and health problems in Haiti. Lancet 1980;l:471-3.
21. Esrey SA, Feachem RG, Hughes J. Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children: improving water supplies and excreta disposal facilities. Bull WHO 1985;63:757-72.
22. DaVanzo J, Ann TB, Othman R, et al. Determinants of contraceptive method choice in peninsular Malaysia, 1961-1975. Rand N-2453-PC. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, 1986.