Preceding infection as an important risk factor for ischaemic brain infarction in young and middle aged patients

British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.)

Volumn 296, Issue 6630, 1988, Pages 1156-1160

  Syrjänen, Jaana ^a   Valtonen, Ville V ^b   Iivanainen, Matti ^b   Kaste, Markku ^b   Huttunen, Jussi K ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^b HELSINKI UNIVERSITY CENTRAL HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^c NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BRAIN INFARCTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; STROKE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; FEMALE; FEVER; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGE; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; RISK FACTORS; SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 0023935763     PISSN: 02670623     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.296.6630.1156     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Dyken, M.L. Wolf, P.A. Barnett, H.J.M. et al. Risk factors in stroke. Stroke 1984;15:1105-11.
2. Hart, R.G. Miller, V.T. Cerebral infarction in young adults: a practical approach. Stroke 1983;14:110-4.
3. Fogelholm, R. Aho, K. Ischaemic cerebrovascular disease in young adults. II. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride values. Acta Neurol Scand 1973;49:428-33.
4. Wilhelmsen, L. Svardsudd, K. Korsan-Bengtsen, K. Larsson, B. Welin, L. Tibblin, G. Fibrinogen as a risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1984;311:501-5.
5. Hillbom, M. Kaste, M. Ethanol intoxication: a risk factor for ischemic brain infarction. Stroke 1983;14:694-9.
6. Gill, J.S. Zezulka, A.V. Shipley, M.J. Gill, S.K. Beevers, D.G. Stroke and alcohol consumption. N Engl J Med 1986;315:1041-6.
7. Bonita, R. Scragg, R. Stewart, A. Jackson, R. Beaglehole, R. Cigarette smoking and risk of premature stroke in men and women. Br Med J 1986;293:6-8.
8. Jones RH Jr, Siekert, R.G. Geraci, J.E. Neurological manifestations of bacterial endocarditis. Ann Intern Med 1969;71:21-7.
9. Pruitt, A.A. Rubin, R.H. Karchmer, A.W. Duncan, G.W. Neurologic complications of bacterial endocarditis. Medicine 1978;57:329-43.
10. Snyder, R.D. Stovring, J. Cushing, A.H. Davis, L.E. Hardy, T.L. Cerebral infarction in childhood bacterial meningitis. J NeurolNeurosurg Psychiatry 1981;44:581-5.
11. Igarashi, M. Gilmartin, R.C. Gerald, B. Wilburn, F. Jabbour, J.T. Cerebral arteritis and bacterial meningitis. Arch Neurol 1984;41:531-5.
12. Bickerstaff, E.R. Aetiology of acute hemiplegia in childhood. Br Med J 1964;ii:82-7.
13. Hindfelt, B. Nilsson, O. Brain infarction in young adults with particular reference to pathogenesis. Acta Neurol Scand 1977;55:145-57.
14. Parker, P. Puck, J. Fernandez, F. Cerebral infarction associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Pediatrics 1981;67:373-5.
15. Moran, A. MacDonald, J. Eight cases of childhood stroke. Minn Med 1985;68:675-7.
16. Tagawa, T. Mimaki, T. Yabuuchi, H. Iwata, Y. Makino, A. Bilateral occlusions in the cervical portion of the internal carotid arteries in a child. Stroke 1985;16:896-8.
17. Dowd, A.B. Grace, R. Rees, W.D.W. Cerebral infarction associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Lancet 1987;ii:567.
18. Syrjanen, J. Valtonen, W. Iivanainen, M. Hovi, T. Malkamaki, M. Makela, P.H. Association between cerebral infarction and increased serum bacterial antibody levels in young adults. Acta Neurol Scand 1986;73:273-8.
19. Valtonen, V.V. Ruutu, P. Varis, K. Ranki, M. Malkamaki, M. Makela, P.H. Serological evidence for the role of bacterial infections in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases. Acta Med Scand 1986;219:105-11.
20. Rose, N.R. Friedman, H. eds. Manual of clinical immunology. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1980:431-6.
21. Gardner, M.J. Altman, D.G. Confidence intervals rather than P values: estimation rather than hypothesis testing. Br Med J 1986;292:746-50.
22. Breslow, N.E. Day, N.E. eds. Statistical methods in cancer research. Vol, I. The analysis of casecontrol studies. Lyons: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1980:162-5,247-79.
23. Kaste, M. Waltimo, O. Prognosis of patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke 1976;7:482-5.
24. Snyder, B.D. Ramirez-Lassepas, M. Cerebral infarction in young adults. Long term prognosis. Stroke 1980;11:149-53.
25. Janaki, S. Baruah, J.K. Jayaram, S.R. Saxena, V.K. Sharma, S.R. Gulati, M.S. Stroke in the young: a four year study, 1968 to 1972. Stroke 1975;6:318-20.
26. Ode, B. Cronberg, S. Infection and intracranial arterial thrombosis. Lancet 1976;ii:863-4.
27. Black, D.A. Maw, D.S.J. Toxic shock syndrome presenting as cerebral infarct. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1984;47:568.
28. Bourdette, D.N. Rosenberg, N.L. Yatsu, F.M. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and delayed ipsilateral cerebral infarction. Neurology 1983;33:1428-32.
29. Kannel, W.B. Wolf, P.A. Mc Gee, D.L. Dawber, T.R. Mc Namara, P. Castelli, W.P. Systolic blood pressure, arterial rigidity, and risk of stroke. The Framingham study. J AMA 1981 ;245:1225-9.
30. Rossner, S. Kjellin, K.G. Mettinger, K.L. Siden, A. Soderstrom, C.E. Normal serumcholesterol but low HDL cholesterol concentration in young patients with ischaemic cerebrovascular disease. Lancet 1978;i:577-9.
31. Omata, S. Yoshida, M. Miyatake, T. Sakamoto, Y. Sakurabayashi, I. Decreased HDL cholesterol in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Acta Neurol Scand 1979;60(suppl 72):460-1.
32. Nubiola, A.R. Masana, L. Masdeu, S. Rubies-Prat, J. High density lipoprotein cholesterol in cerebrovascular disease. ArchNeurol 1981;38:468.
33. Noma, A. Matsushita, S. Komori, T. et al. High and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in myocardial and cerebral infarction. Atherosclerosis 1979;32:327-31.
34. Gordon, T. Kannel, W.B. Castelli, W.B. Dawber, T.R. Lipoproteins, cardiovascular disease, and death. The Framingham study. Arch Intern Med 1981;141:1128-31.
35. Kohler, O. Rasmussen, K. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in patients with cerebral infarct or transient cerebral ischemia. Acta Neurol Scand 1979;59:55-62.
36. Blackburn, G.G. Lipid metabolism in infection. Am J Clin Nutr 1977;30:1321-32.
37. Kerttula, Y. Weber, T.H. Serum lipids in viral and bacterial meningitis. Scand J Infect Dis 1986;18:211-5.
38. Spodick, K.D.H. Inflammation and onset of myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med 1985;102: 699-702.
39. Rasi, V. Ikkala, E. Valtonen, V. Plasma Bthromboglobulin in severe infection. Thromb Res 1982;26:267-74.
40. Theofilopoulos, A.N. Dixon, F.J. The biology and detection of immune complexes. Adv Immunol 1979;28:89-220.
41. Minick, C.R. Murphy, G.E. Campbell WG Jr. Experimental induction of atheroarteriosclerosis by the synergy of allergic injury to arteries and lipidrich diet. J Exp Med 1966;124:635-51.
42. Mathews, J.D. Whittingham, S. Mackay, I.R. Autoimmune mechanisms in human vascular disease. Lancet 1974;ii: 1423-7.