Active, optical range imaging sensors

Machine Vision and Applications

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 1988, Pages 127-152

  Besl, Paul J ^a  

^a GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

active triangulation; depth map; laser radar; optical measurement; range image

Indexed keywords

INTERFEROMETRY, HOLOGRAPHIC; OPTICS - MOIRE FRINGES; RADAR, OPTICAL; RANGE FINDERS; VISION - ARTIFICIAL;

ACTIVE TRIANGULATION; DEPTH MAP; LASER RADAR; QUASI-HETERODYNE METHODS; RANGE-IMAGING SENSORS;

IMAGE SENSORS;

EID: 0023847079     PISSN: 09328092     EISSN: 14321769     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF01212277     Document Type: Article

References (208)

1. Movable light stripe sensor for obtaining 3D coordinate measurements
2. Laser electro-optic system for rapid 3D topographic mapping of surfaces
3. The phase shift method applied to moire image processing
4. Preliminary implementation of a ratio image depth sensor
5. Range finding using frequency-modulated laser diode
6. Range imaging sensors
7. Active optical range imaging sensors
8. Three dimensional object recognition
9. Optics in Modern Science and Technology
10. Triangulation with expanded range of depth
11. Applications of laser radar technology
12. The scanning tunneling microscope
13. Biris: a simple 3D sensor. Proceedings SPIE Conference on Optics
14. Adaptation of a parallel architecture computer to phase-shifted moire interferometry
15. Color encoded structured light for rapid active ranging
16. Finding the orientation of objects in vector maps
17. Real-time correction of 3D nonlinearities for a laser rangefinder
18. The intensity ratio depth sensor
19. Experiments with the intensity ratio depth sensor
20. 3D vision system analysis and design
21. Vision system with ranging for maneuvering in space
22. High precision deformation measurement by digital phase shifting holographic interferometry
23. Range measurement using Talbot diffraction imaging of gratings
24. Direct comparison of mechanical and optical measurements of the finish of precision machined optical surfaces
25. Computeraided surface reconstruction of interference contours
26. Automated moire contouring
27. Distance measurements by differential confocal optical ranging
28. Deriving range maps at real-time video rates
29. Fourier images: I—the point source
30. Heterodyne holography review
31. Heterodyne and quasiheterodyne holographic interferometry
32. Current induced frequency modulation in diode lasers
33. State-of-the-art optics: Automated image focusing
34. Product Literature
35. The representation, recognition, and locating of 3-D objects
36. Distance measurement by means of a light ray modulated at a microwave frequency
37. Moire technique by means of digital image processing
38. Inside autofocus: How the magic works
39. A random walk through the field of speckle
40. Depth from Focus
41. Projection moire with moving gratings for automated 3D topography
42. Measuring curved surfaces for robot vision
43. Grating imaging and its application to displacement sensing
44. Moire interferometry for industrial inspection
45. Hybrid high accuracy structured light profiler
46. Moire techniques applied to automated inspection of machined parts
47. Quasi-heterodyne hologram interferometry
48. Design and performance of ranging telescopes: Monolithic vs. synthetic aperture
49. Telecentric scanner for 3D sensing
50. Consight-1: A vision controlled robot system for transferring parts from belt conveyors
51. Scanning moire method and automatic measurement of 3D shapes
52. New type of miniaturized optical range sensing methods RORS and RORST
53. 3D inspection using multistripe structured light
54. Triangulation based range sensor design
55. Focus optimization criteria for computer image processing
56. Computer vision and robotics laboratory
57. A laser time-of-flight range scanner for robotic vision
58. A perspective on range finding techniques for computer vision
59. Fiber displacement sensors for metrology and control
60. Depth perception for robot vision
61. A noncontact optical proximity sensor for measuring surface shape
62. Close-range photogrammetry: where are we and where are we heading?
63. Heterodyne and nonheterodyne laser transceivers
64. The theory and application of projection moire methods
65. Robotic range sensor with projection of bright ring pattern
66. Dynamic shape
67. Real-time photogrammetric support of dynamic 3D control
68. Focusing
69. A prototype of optical proximity sensor based on RORS
70. Camera and projector motion for range mapping
71. 3D automated pattern recognition using moire techniques
72. A flexible industrial system for automated 3D inspection
73. Speckle effects on coherent laser radar detection efficiency
74. Real-time depth measurement and display using Fresnel diffraction and whitelight processing
75. Reconstructed wavefronts and communication theory
76. 3D surface measurement by microcomputer
77. On the manufacture and theory of diffraction gratings
78. A novel, high-range-to-resolution ratio, optical sensing technique for high speed surface geometry measurements
79. Two-dimensional fringe pattern analysis
80. Holographic interferometry of pipes: precision interpretation by least squares fitting
81. Multifunctional optical proximity sensor using phase modulation
82. Surface profiling by phase-locked interferometry
83. Real-time fringe pattern analysis
84. Phase-locked moire fringe analysis for automated contouring of diffuse surfaces
85. A three-dimensional sensor based on structured light
86. Three-dimensional vision systems using the structured light method for inspecting solder joints and assembly robots
87. The measurement and use of registered reflectance and range data in scene analysis
88. Moire optics: a bibliography
89. Real-time range measurement device for 3D object recognition
90. Heterodyne profiling instrument for the angstrom region
91. Laser rangefinder for robot control and inspection
92. A new sense of depth of field
93. Electronic processing of moire fringes: application to moire topography and comparison with photogrammetry
94. Interferometric measurements of the surface profile of moving samples
95. A wide-field scanning triangulation rangefinder for machine vision
96. Shadow and projection moire techniques for absolute and relative mapping of surface shapes
97. Surface measurement by space-encoded projected beam system
98. Heterodyne holography applications in studies of small components
99. Automatic fringe pattern analysis: A review
100. Laser range finder based upon synchronized scanners
101. Compact 3-D camera for robotic applications
102. High-speed space encoding projector for 3D imaging
103. 3D range sensor via phase shift detection (Insert)
104. Sinusoidal phase modulating interferometry for surface profile measurement. And Analysis of measurement accuracy in sinusoidal phase modulating interferometry
105. Shape measurement of curved objects using multiple-slit ray projection
106. 3D surface measurement by space encoding range imaging
107. The program PALM for automatic line and surface measurement using image matching techniques
108. An adaptive subdivision method for surface-fitting from sampled data
109. Structured light sensors for 3D robot vision
110. The moire method-A review
111. Recognition of polyhedra with a range finder
112. On the representation and estimation of spatial uncertainty
113. Automated phase measuring profilometry: A phase-mapping approach
114. Optical three-dimensional sensing
115. Towards a high resolution, video rate, 3D sensor for machine vision
116. Techniques for real-time feature extraction using range information
117. Facts relating to optical science No. IV
118. Infrared heterodyne detection
119. Accommodation in computer vision
120. Detection of phase in modulated optical signals subject to ideal Rayleigh fading
121. Holographic contouring using electronic phase measurement
122. Holography applied to inspection and measurement in an industrial environment
123. 3D perception with a single binary coded illumination pattern
124. Heterodyne holographic interferometry for high-resolution 3D sensing
125. Detection efficiency of coherent optical radar
126. Imaging CO2 radar field tests
127. Lidar signal fluctuations caused by beam translation and scan
128. The use of taper light beam for object recognition
129. Grid coding: a novel technique for image processing
130. Theory of fresnel images I. Plane periodic objects in monochromatic light
131. Holographic microscopy
132. Interactive fringe analysis system: Applications to moire contourogram and interferogram
133. A low-cost 3D vision system using space-encoded spot projections