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1
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84985510507
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B. Brecht: Geschichten, Bibliothek Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1962, p. 167. In this essay and under the heading “Hardship of the best,” Mr. K. answers this question. But he certainly was a scientist! Don't you think so?
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4
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(a) Ronald Searle, the scalpel‐sharp British cartoonist, illustrates that even for the old gold diggers it was an absurd adventure to pan for gold by the light of the silvery neon in the main street of downtown Klondike (see[3b], p. 25): Already in 1788 (!) Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, the great and critical philospher and physicist from Göttingen, was very clear and out‐spoken in this respect when he characterized one of his colleagues: “… he was still hanging at his university like a wonderful chandelier without a tiny candle lit for years” (, “Sudelbücher”)
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Lichtenberg, G.Ch.1
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6
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84932529681
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Erwin Chargaff, biochemist and critical essayist, depicts this as follows: “In sciences today smaller and smaller rooms are furnished more and more luxuriously and completely.”, Klett‐Cotta, Stuttgart
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(1981)
Bemerkungen
, pp. 33
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Chargaff, E.1
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10
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4544221416
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Schwierigkeiten bei der Durchsetzung des Polymerbegriffs – ein Essay
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(a) From the standpoint of the history of science, it is most interesting to see how, very often, out of controversies between different disciplines, new research areas develop. The famous and historical controversy in the twenties between the then well‐established colloid science (W. Ostwald) and the rising macromolecular chemistry (H. Staudinger) is an instructive example for that: weak interactions in the formation of aggregates (colloids) as opposed to covalently linked small molecules (macromolecules). These competitive concepts have long since inevitably fused, as perfectly demonstrated in the supramolecular systems of biological membranes. However, it is also interesting to note that–at least in Germany–colloid science did not recover from this controversy for quite a while. For at least two or three decades colloid chemistry nearly disappeared from German universities. It regained its reputation only via its industrial importance.
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(1987)
Angewandte Chemie
, vol.99
, pp. 95
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Morawetz, H.1
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20
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84985613153
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As far as the often discussed and adjured willingess of scientists to cooperate is concerned, one has to be skeptical. Again one can use the point of view of Ronald Searle to describe the situation: People tend to cling to the old ways; a homesteader's cabin is still his castle (see [3b], p. 14 and [4])
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21
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84985622872
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The courage to set out and the willingness to turn around and search for prey from a different perspective are prerequisites for the adventure of science (see [3b], p. 21)
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22
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0343344126
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(a) Supermolecules (“Übermolekeln”) were already defined by K. L. Wolf in 1937 to describe associations of molecules, the function of which was based on their organization
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(1937)
Z. Phys. Chem. Abt. B
, vol.36
, pp. 17
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Wolf, K.L.1
Frahm, F.2
Harms, H.3
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24
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The conception of “Supramolecular Chemistry” has been realized by Jean‐Marie Lehn and his group during the last few years
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27
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0003087010
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In this contribution the term supramolecular systems is not only used for small molecular complexes of single molecules, such as substratereceptor complexes. It is also applied to large molecular aggregates (high aggregation numbers), the function of which is again based on their organization. The ideal system to exemplify this definition is the biomembrane
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(1988)
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.
, vol.27
, pp. 89
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96
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84985535944
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Diplomarbeit, Universität Mainz 1982
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Keller, R.1
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100
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84985580084
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Diplomarbeit, Universität Mainz 1986.
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Wibbing, M.1
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136
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84985619954
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Dissertation, Universität Mainz 1986.
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Decher, G.1
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142
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0002103170
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J. F. Kuo, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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(1985)
Phospholipids and Cellular Regulation
, vol.1
, pp. 1
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Cullis, P.R.1
Hope, M.J.2
de Kruijff, B.3
Verkleij, A.J.4
Tilcock, C.P.S.5
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147
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84985541395
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(Ed.): Glycolipids New Compr Biochem.10
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(1985)
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Wiegandt, H.1
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178
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84985556670
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Dissertation, Technische Universität München 1985
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Meller, P.1
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179
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0042930607
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J. Bereiter‐Hahn, O. R. Anderson, W.‐E. Reif, Springer, Berlin
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(1987)
Cytomechanics
, pp. 79
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Beck, K.1
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186
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0001310835
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Mechanismen des biologischen Ionentransports – Carrier, Kanäle und Pumpen in künstlichen Lipidmembranen
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(1985)
Angewandte Chemie
, vol.97
, pp. 939
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Läger, P.1
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193
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0442314897
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M. J. Ostro, Dekker, New York
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(1983)
Liposomes
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197
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84976454214
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G. Gregoriadis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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(1984)
Liposome Technology
, vol.1-3
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203
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(d) see also [84], especially d′‐g and h, Vol. III.
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206
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34548346012
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Photochemische Reaktionen oberflächenaktiver Moleküle in Systemen monomolekularer Schichten— Steuerung der Reaktivität durch die Umgebung
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(1979)
Angewandte Chemie
, vol.91
, pp. 472
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Whitten, D.G.1
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209
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(e) [70b], p. 293.
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211
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(b) [70b], p. 235.
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214
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(b) [70b], p. 492
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217
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Diplomarbeit, Universität Mainz 1983.
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Schlarb, B.1
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260
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0020749071
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(1983)
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, vol.105
, pp. 2975
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Kusumi, A.1
Singh, M.2
Tirrell, D.A.3
Oehme, G.4
Singh, A.5
Samuel, N.K.P.6
Hyde, J.S.7
Regen, S.L.8
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279
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0012261578
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Herstellung ultradünner Schichten mit molekular kontrollierten Aufbau aus polymeren Phthalocyaninen mit der Langmuir-Blodgett-Technik
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(1986)
Angewandte Chemie
, vol.98
, pp. 1114
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Orthmann, E.1
Wegner, G.2
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289
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Polymerization of butadiene and butadiyne (diacetylene) derivatives in layer structures
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(1985)
Adv. Polym. Sci.
, vol.71
, pp. 79
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Tieke, B.1
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345
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0008855672
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G. Gregoriadis, G. Poste, J. Senior, A. Trouet, Plenum, New York
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(1985)
Receptor‐Mediated Targeting of Drugs
, pp. 359
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Sunamoto, J.1
Goto, M.2
Iida, T.3
Hara, K.4
Saito, A.5
Tomonaga, A.6
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351
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84985502513
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See [74], pp. 307 ff. (338ff).
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365
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0041103603
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E. Clementi, S. Chin, Plenum, New York
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(1986)
Structure and Dynamics of Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Membranes
, pp. 251
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Sackmann, E.1
Duwe, H.‐P.2
Zeman, K.3
Zilker, A.4
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368
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84985574748
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(b) Makromol. Chem.
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371
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84985595100
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Cf. [74], pp. 98ff., and 105ff., 217ff.
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378
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0000815238
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Neue Methoden zur Glycosid- und Oligosaccharidsynthese – gibt es Alternativen zur Koenigs-Knorr-Methode?
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(1986)
Angewandte Chemie
, vol.98
, pp. 213
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Schmidt, R.R.1
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380
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0001488685
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Synthese von Glycopeptiden, Partialstrukturen biologischer Erkennungskomponenten
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(1987)
Angewandte Chemie
, vol.99
, pp. 297
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Kunz, H.1
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387
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84985610164
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Diplomarbeit, Universität Mainz 1985.
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Ahlers, M.1
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392
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0346959228
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Synthese eines Bis-Adenosin-Derivates als Analogon zum Übergangszustand der tRNA-abhängigen Peptidkondensation
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(b) synthesis of the head groups
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(1975)
Chemische Berichte
, vol.108
, pp. 1329
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Seela, F.1
Cramer, F.2
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398
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0019423218
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Anti-liposome antibodies induced by lipid A. I. Influence of ceramide, glycosphingolipids, and phosphocholine on complement damage.
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(1981)
J Immunol
, vol.126
, pp. 1080
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Banerji, B.1
Alving, C.R.2
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400
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84985634993
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J. Y. Homma, (Ed):, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim
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(1984)
Bacterial Endotoxin
, pp. 16
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Rietschel, E.T.1
Mayer, H.2
Wollenweber, H.‐W.3
Zähringer, U.4
Lüderitz, O.5
Westphal, O.6
Brade, H.7
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404
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84985512552
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Cf. [74], pp. 256 ff. (278ff).
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410
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84985572169
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Cf. [74], pp. 276 ff. (302 ff).
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411
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84985572163
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Cf. [74], p. 303 (332).
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415
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0004154725
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W. Hoppe, W. Lohmann, H. Markl, H. Ziegler, 2nd ed., Springer, Berlin
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(1982)
Biophysik
, pp. 439
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Sackmann, E.1
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425
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84985502482
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Dissertation, Universität Mainz 1986.
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Haubs, M.1
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426
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84985532795
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(Upjohn Company, USA), private communication
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Fleming, W.E.1
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427
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84985610184
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(b) see also
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(1981)
Der Spiegel
, vol.35
, Issue.7
, pp. 201
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430
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84985559665
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(a) The abundance of methods to open stabilized liposomes selectively can only be surpassed by the number of techniques to uncork a bottle of wine. This also holds true for the manifold concepts used to approach scientific problems and is certainly influenced by the personal and national character of the bon vivants. So, how do the Germans open a bottle of wine?
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445
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84985512517
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Dissertation, Universität Mainz 1984.
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Folda, T.1
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446
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84985504704
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A pretty rapid method to uncork a bottle is the so‐called “Sicilian opening” also known in chess and from time to time applied in science too (see [194b])
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449
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84985547730
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The sanning electron micrographs were taken at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA, Prof.
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Lando, J.B.1
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450
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84985504772
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The freeze fracture electron micrographs were taken by C. Fahn at the Physics Department of the Technische Universität München (Prof. E. Sackmann).
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454
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84985504768
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Enzymatic processes are common in the wine business. To uncork bottles, however, physical methods are usually preferred. As far as elegance is concerned, the Swiss variant can hardly be supassed (see [194b])
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455
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84985513664
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Dissertation, Universität Mainz 1984.
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Büschl, R.1
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461
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84985530432
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“It is just like someone dragging a stone and claiming: I'm building a Gothic cathedral.”
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464
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84985570785
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(b) Roald Hoffmann–certainly one of the last one to be reproached for superficiality–defines the problem of generalization saying: “Typologies and generalizations often point not so much to reality as to the weakness of the mind that proposes them.” This has to be accepted!
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465
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84985530414
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Georg Christoph Lichtenberg in his “Aphorisms”: “The wit is the finder and the intelligence the observer”. “It is really necessary to seriously investigate why most inventions have to be made by chance. The main reason might be the fact that people tend to accept the views of their teachers and their environment. It thus might be beneficial to develop instructions how to systematically deviate from rules.” Aphorismen, Inseltaschenbuch Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main, 1979, p. 202 and 204.
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476
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84985582060
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See [165] and references cited therein.
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478
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84985548658
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Thanks to all the coworkers for their diligent and devoted. …! However, one really should remember that the Chinese already knew 2000 years ago: you learn a lot from your teachers, you learn more from your friends but you learn most from your students. (Picture taken from [3b], p. 101.).
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