The Safety of β-Carotene

Nutrition and Cancer

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 1988, Pages 207-214

  Bendich, Adrianne ^a  

^a HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETA CAROTENE;

DIET; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TOXICITY;

ANIMAL; BETA CAROTENE; CAROTENOIDS; DIET; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PRESCRIPTIONS, DRUG;

EID: 0023746759     PISSN: 01635581     EISSN: 15327914     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01635588809513989     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. Goodman, DS: “Overview of Current Knowledge of Metabolism of Vitamin A and Carotenoids.” JNCI 73, 1375–1379, 1984.
2. Food and Nutrition Board: “Vitamin A.” In The Recommended Dietary Allowances. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, 1980, pp 55–60.
3. Sporn, MB, Roberts, AB, and Goodman, DS: “Introduction.” In The Retinoids, MB Sporn, AB Roberts, and DS Goodman (eds). New York: Academic, 1984, vol 1, pp 2–5.
4. Bjelke, E: “Dietary Vitamin A and Human Lung Cancer.” Int J Cancer 15, 561–565, 1975.
5. Peto, R, Doll, R, Buckley, JD, and Sporn, MB: “Can Dietary Beta-Carotene Materially Reduce Human Cancer Rates?” Nature 290, 201–208, 1981.
6. Stahelin, HB, Rosel, F, Buess, E, and Brubacher, G: “Cancer, Vitamins, and Plasma Lipids: Prospective Basel Study.” JNCI 73, 1463–1468, 1984.
7. Menkes, MS, Comstock, GW, Vuilleumier, JP, Helsing, KJ, Rider, AA, et al.: “Serum Beta-Carotene, Vitamins A and E, Selenium, and the Risk of Lung Cancer.” N Engl J Med 315, 1250–1254, 1986.
8. Goodwin, TW (ed): “Mammals.” In The Biochemistry of the Carotenoids. Animals. New York: Chapman and Hall, 1984, vol 2, pp 173–195.
9. Burton, GW, and Ingold, KU: “Beta Carotene: An Unusual Type of Lipid Antioxidant.” Science 224, 569–573, 1984.
10. Foote, CS, Denny, RW, Weaver, L, Chang, Y, and Peters, J: “Quenching of Singlet Oxygen.” Ann NY Acad Sci 171, 139–148, 1970.
11. Simpson, KL, and Chichester, CO: “Metabolism and Nutritional Significance of Carotenoids.” Annu RevNutr 1, 351–374, 1981.
12. Mathews-Roth, MM: “Carotenoids in Medical Applications.” In Carotenoids as Colorants and Vitamin A Precursors, JC Bauernfeind (ed). New York: Academic, 1981, pp 755–785.
13. Mathews-Roth, MM: “Carotenoids in the Leukocytes of Carotenemic and Non-Carotenemic Individuals.” Clin Chem 24, 700–701, 1978.
14. Ostrea, EM, Baiun, JE, Winkler, R, and Porter, T: “Influence of Breast-Feeding on the Restoration of the Low Serum Concentration of Vitamin E and 0-Carotene in the Newborn Infant.” Am J Obstet Gynecol 154, 1014–1017, 1986.
15. Shapiro, SS, Mott, DJ, and MacHlin, LJ: “Kinetic Characteristics of 0-Carotene Uptake and Depletion in Rat Tissue.” JNutr 114, 1924–1933, 1984.
16. Sinclair, H: “Hypercarotenaemia: A Letter.” Br Med J 290, 561, 1985.
17. Life Sciences Research Office: “Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Carotene (0-Carotene) as a Food Ingredient.” Bethesda, MD: FASEB, 1979. (Contract No [FDA] 223–75-2004.)
18. Bagdon, RE, Zbinden, G, and Studer, A: “Chronic Toxicity Studies of 0-Carotene.” Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2, 225–236, 1960.
19. Heywood, R, Palmer, AK, Gregson, RL, and Hummler, H: “The Toxicity of Beta-Carotene.” Toxicology 36, 91–100, 1985.
20. Alam, BS, Alam, SQ, Weir, JC, and Gibson, WA: “Chemopreventative Effects of /3-Carotene and 13-ciy-Retinoic Acid on Salivary Gland Tumors.” Nutr Cancer 6, 4–12, 1984.
21. Bendich, A, and Shapiro, SS: “Effects of j8-Carotene and Canthaxanthin on the Immune Response of the Rat.” J Nutr 116, 2254–2262, 1986.
22. Mathews-Roth, MM: “Beta-Carotene Therapy for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria and Other Photosensitivity Diseases.” Biochimie 68, 875–884, 1986.
23. Lewis, MB: “The Effect of Beta-Carotene on Serum Vitamin A Levels in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.” AustJ Dermatol 13, 75, 1972.
24. Mathews-Roth, MM, Pathak, MA, Fitzpatrick, TB, Harber, LC, and Kass, EH: “/3-Carotene as an Oral Photoprotective Agent in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.” J Am Med Assoc 228, 1004–1008, 1974.
25. Mathews-Roth, M.M. Pathak, M.A. Parrish, J. Fitzpatrick, T.B. Kass, E.H. : “A Clinical Trial of the Effects of Oral Beta-Carotene on the Responses of Human Skin to Solar Radiation.” J Invest Dermatol 59, 349–353, 1972.
26. Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, M, Bowen, PE, Kikendall, JW, and Burgess, M: “Simultaneous Determination of Serum Retinal and Various Carotenoids: Their Distribution in Middle-Aged Men and Women.” J Micronutrient Anal 3, 27–45, 1987.
27. Lascari, AD: “Carotenemia: A Review.” Clin Pediatr 20, 25–29, 1981.
28. McLaren, DS, and Zekian, B: “Failure of Enzymic Cleavage of /3-Carotene.” Am J Dis Child 121, 278–280, 1971.
29. Monk, BE: “Metabolic Carotenaemia.” Br J Dermatol 106, 485–488, 1982.
30. Shoenfeld, Y, Shaklai, M, Ben-Baruch, N, Hirschorn, M, and Pinkhas, J: “Neutropenia Induced by Hypercarotenaemia.” Lancet 1, 1245, 1982.
31. Stampfer, MJ, Willett, W, and Hennekens, CH: “Carotene, Carrots, and White Blood Cells.” Lancet 2, 615, 1982.
32. Mathews-Roth, MM: “Neutropenia and Beta-Carotene.” Lancet 2, 222, 1982.
33. DeBuys, LR: “Some Clinical Experience With Carotenemia.” Trans Mississippi State Med Assoc 56, 133, 1923.
34. Almond, S, and Logan, RFL: “Carotinaemia.” Br Med J 2, 239, 1942.
35. Auckland, G: “A Case of Carotinaemia.” Br Med J 2, 267, 1952.
36. McConaghy, RMS: “Carotenaemia.” Lancet 2, 714, 1952.
37. Privat, Y, Faye, I, Bellossi, A, and Arcella, G: “Carotinemia Chez un Femme Enceinte.” Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syph 73, 482, 1968.
38. Frumar, AM, Meldrum, DR, and Judd, HL: “Hypercarotenemia in Hypothalamic Amenorrhea.” Fertil Steril 32, 261–264, 1979.
39. Kemmann, E, Pasquale, SA, and Skaf, R: “Amenorrhea Associated With Carotenemia.” J Am Med Assoc 249, 926–929, 1983.
40. Vakil, Literature.” Nutr Res 5, 911–917, 1985. DV, Ayiomamitis, A, Nizami, N, and Nizami, RM: “Hypercarotenemia: A Case Report and Review of the
41. Deuster, PA, Kyle, SB, Moser, PB, Vigersky, RA, Singh, A, et al.: “Nutritional Intakes and Status of Highly Trained Amenorrheic and Eumenorrheic Women Runners.” Fertil Steril 46, 636–643, 1986.
42. Mathews-Roth, MM: “Amenorrhea Associated With Carotenemia.” Am Med Assoc 250, 731, 1983.
43. Richards, SR, Chang, FE, Bossetti, B, Malarkey, WB, and Kim, MH: “Serum Carotene Levels in Female Long-Distance Runners.” Fertil Steril 43, 79–81, 1985.
44. Graham, S. Haughey, B. Marshall, J. Priore, R. Byers, T. : “Diet in the Epidemiology of Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland.” JNCI 70, 687–692, 1983.
45. Heshmat, M.Y. Kaul, L. Kovi, J. Jackson, M.A. Jackson, A.G. : “Nutrition and Prostate Cancer: A Case-Control Study.” Prostate 6, 7–17, 1985.
46. Kolonel, L.N. Nomura, A.M.Y. Hinds, M.W. Hirohata, T. Hankin, J.H. : “Role of Diet in Cancer Incidence in Hawaii.” Cancer Res Suppl 43, 2397s-2402s, 1983.
47. Hirayama, T: “Diet and Cancer.” Nutr Cancer 1, 67–81, 1979.
48. Ross, RK, Shimizu, H, Paganini-Hill, A, Honda, G, and Herderson, BE: “Case-Control Studies of Prostate Cancer in Blacks and Whites in Southern California.” JNCI 78, 869–874, 1987.
49. Poh-Fitzpatrick, MB, and Babera, LG: “Absence of Crystalline Retinopathy After Long-Term Therapy With j3-Carotene.” J Am Acad Dermatol 11, 111–113, 1984.
50. Kobza, A, Ramsay, CA, and Magnus, IA: “Oral Beta Carotene Therapy in Actinic Reticuloid and Solar Urticaria.” Br J Dermatol 88, 157–166, 1973.
51. Hannuksela, M, and Lahti, A: “Peroral Challenge Tests With Food Additives in Urticaria and Atopic Dermatitis.” Int J Dermatol 25, 178–180, 1986.