Methodological refinements to the mouse paw formalin test. An animal model of tonic pain

Journal of Pharmacological Methods

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 1988, Pages 175-186

  Murray, Christopher W ^a   Porreca, Frank ^b   Cowan, Alan ^a  

^a TEMPLE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

Author keywords

Analgesia; Analgesic testing; Chronic pain; Formalin test; Nociception; Tonic pain

Indexed keywords

FORMALDEHYDE; MORPHINE; PENTAZOCINE; ZOMEPIRAC;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; BEHAVIOR; METHODOLOGY; MOUSE; NOCICEPTIVE STIMULATION; NONHUMAN; PAIN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SUBCUTANEOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION;

ANIMAL; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; FORMALDEHYDE; MALE; MICE; MORPHINE; NOCICEPTORS; PAIN; PENTAZOCINE; SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S.; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 0023715818     PISSN: 01605402     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0160-5402(88)90078-2     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Noncompetitive antagonism of morphine analgesia by diazepam in the formalin test
2. Apparent lack of tolerance in the formalin test suggests different mechanisms for morphine analgesia in different types of pain
3. Morphine analgesia in the tail-flick and formalin pain tests is mediated by different neural systems
4. The formalin test: A tonic pain model in the primate
5. Reversal of yeast-induced motor impairment in rats as a test for narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics
6. Effects of central lesions on disorders produced by multiple dorsal rhizotomy in rats
7. Evidence that adjuvant arthritis in the rat is associated with chronic pain
8. Agonist and antagonist properties of buprenorphine, a new antinociceptive agent
9. Comparison of phasic and tonic pain in animals
10. Documenta Geigy
11. The formalin test: A quantitative study of the analgesic effects of morphine, meperidine, and brain stem stimulation in rats and cats
12. Antinociceptive effects of (±)-, (+)- and (−)-nefopam in mice
13. Analgesics in chronic pain
14. Afferent c-fibre and a-delta activity in models of inflammation
15. Formalin test in mice: A useful technique for evaluating mild analgesics
16. Dissociation between antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects of acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin in the formalin test
17. The formalin test in mice: Dissociation between inflammatory and non-inflammatory pain
18. Intrathecal morphine in mice: A new technique
19. An analysis of the responses to electrical transmural stimulation, capsaicin or formalin in the rabbit iris sphincter
20. Objective method for evaluation of analgesic/antiinflammatory activity
21. Intracerebroventricular injections in mice—some methodological refinements
22. A modified version of the mouse formalin test as a model of tonic pain
23. The need for an animal model of chronic pain
24. Species differences in the behavioral toxicity produced by intrathecal substance P antagonists: relationship to analgesia
25. Quantitative comparison of the analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of aspirin, phenacetin and acetaminophen in rodents
26. Algesic response to the subplantar injection of serotonin in the rat
27. Mechanisms of acute and chronic pain
28. Further development of the formalin test in rats as a tonic pain model
29. Ethical standards for investigations of experimental pain in animals