The Structure and Function of Cutaneous Sensory Receptors

archives of histology and cytology

Volumn 51, Issue 1, 1988, Pages 1-34

  Munger, L Bryce ^a   Ide, Chizuka ^b  

^a PENN STATE MILTON S HERSHEY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b IWATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

anti glomerular basement membrane antibody; diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis; Goodpasture's syndrone; intraalveolar hemorrhage; plasma exchange

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL CELL; HISTOLOGY; NONHUMAN; RECEPTOR STRUCTURE; REVIEW; SENSORY NERVE; SKIN RECEPTOR; ULTRASTRUCTURE;

ANIMAL; MECHANORECEPTORS; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON; NERVE NET; NEURONS; RECEPTORS, SENSORY; SKIN; SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S.; VIBRISSAE;

EID: 0023693515     PISSN: 09149465     EISSN: 13491717     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1679/aohc.51.1     Document Type: Article

References (212)

1. Aiba, L.: On the sensory innervation of the foot-sole in human adults. Arch. Histol. Jap. 10: 229-350 (1956).
2. Andres, K. H.: Über die Feinstruktur der Rezeptoren und Sinushaaren. Z. Zellforsch. 75: 339-365 (1966).
3. Andres, K. H. and M. von Düring: Morphology of cutaneous receptors. In: (ed. by) A. Iggo: Handbook of sensory physiology, Vol. II. Somatosensory system. Springer, New York, 1973 (p. 3-28).
4. Babler, W. J.: Prenatal selection and dermatoglyphic patterns. Amer. J. Phys. Anthrop. 48 (1): 21-28 (1978).
5. Biemesderfer, D., B. L. Munger, J. Binck and R. Dubner: The pilo-Ruffini complex: A non-sinus hair and associated slowly-adapting mechanoreceptor in primate facial skin. Brain Res. 142: 197: 222 (1978).
6. Blix, M.: Experimented Beiträge zur Lösung der Frage üiber die spezifische Energie des Hautnerven. Z. Biol. 20: 56-141 (1884).
7. Bolanowski, S. J.: Intensity and frequency characteristics of Pacinian corpuscles. III. Effects of tetrodotoxin on the transduction process. J. Neurophysiol. 51: 813-839 (1984).
8. Bonnet, J.: Studien liber die Innervation der Haarbalge der Haustiere. Morphol. Jahrb. 4: 329-395 (1878).
9. Brenowitz, G. L., C. D. Tweedle, and J. I. Johnson: The development of receptors in the glabrous forepaw skin of pouch young opossums. Neuroscience. 5: 1303-1310 (1983).
10. Bressler, M. F. and B. L. Munger: Embryonic maturation of sensory terminals of primate facial hairs. J. Invest. Dermatol. 80: 245-260 (1983).
11. Byers, M. R.: Sensory innervation of periodontal ligament of rat molars consists of unencapsulated Ruffini-like mechanoreceptors and free nerve endings. J. Comp. Neurol. 231: 500-518 (1985).
12. Castano, P. and R. G. Ventura: The Meissner's corpuscle of green-monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops L.). I. The organization of nervous component. J. Submicr. Cytol. 10: 327-344 (1978).
13. Castano, P. and R. G. Ventura: The Meissner's corpuscle of the green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops L.). II. The connective tissue components. Some considerations from a functional standpoint. J. Submicr. Cytol. 11: 185-191 (1979).
14. Cauna, N.: Nerve supply and nerve endings in Meissner's corpuscles. Amer. J. Anat. 99: 315-350 (1956).
15. Cauna, N.: Structure of digital touch corpuscles. Acta Anat. 32: 1-23 (1958).
16. Cauna, N. : The distribution of cholinesterase in the cutaneous receptor organs, especially touch corpuscles of the human finger. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 8:367-375 (1960).
17. Cauna, N.: The free penicillate nerve endings of the human hairy skin. J. Anat. 115: 277-288 (1973).
18. Cauna, N. and G. Mannan: Development and postnatal changes of digital Pacinian corpuscles (Corpuscula lamellosa) in the human hand. Anat. Rec. 93: 271-286 (1959).
19. Cauna, and L. L. Ross: The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 8: 467-482 (1960).
20. Chambers, M. R., K. H. Andres, M. von During and A. Iggo: Structure and function of the slowly adapting Type II mechanoreceptor in hairy skin. Quart, J. Exp. Physiol. 57: 417-445 (1972).
21. Chouchkov, C.: Ultrastructure of Pacinian corpuscles in man and cats. Z. Mikrosk.-anat. Forsch. 83: 17-32 (1971).
22. Chouchkov, C.: Further observations of the fine structure of Meissner's corpuscles in human digital skin and rectum. Z. Mikrosk.-anat. Forsch. 87: 33-45 (1973a).
23. Chouchkov, C. : The fine structure of small encapsulated receptors in human digital glabrous skin. J. Anat. 114: 25-33 (1973 b).
24. Chouchkov, C. : On the fine structure of Krause's end bulbs in human skin, oral cavity, and rectum. Arch. Histol. Jap. 35: 364-374 (1973c).
25. Chouchkov, C. : Cutaneous receptors. Adv. Anat. Embryol. Cell Biol. 54: 7-61 (1978).
26. Crowe, R. and M. Whitear: Quinacrine fluorescence of Merkel cells in Xenopm laevis. Cell Tiss. Res. 190: 273-283 (1978).
27. Darian-Smith, I.: The sense of touch. Performance and peripheral neural processes. In: (ed. by) I. Darian-Smith: Handbook of physiology. Sect. 1, III/2. Nervous system. Amer. Physiol. Soc., Bethesda, Maryland, 1984 a (p. 595-788).
28. Darian-Smith, I. : Thermal sensibility. In: Amer. Physiol. Soc. 1984 b (p. 879-913).
29. Dell, D. A. and B. L. Munger: The early embryo-genesis of papillary (sweat duct) ridges in primate glabrous skin: The dermatotopic map of cutaneous mechanoreceptors and dermatoglyphics. J. Comp. Neurol. 244: 511-532 (1986).
30. Dellon, A. L.: Reinnervation of denervated Meissner corpuscles: A sequential histologic study in the monkey following fascicular nerve repair. J. Hand Surg. 1: 98-109 (1976).
31. Dellon, A. L. and B. L. Munger: Correlation of histology and sensibility after nerve repair. J. Hand Surg. 8: 871-875 (1983).
32. Dellon, A. L., F. G. Witebsky And R. Terrill: The denervated Meissner corpuscle. A sequential histological study after nerve division in the rhesus monkey. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 56: 182-193 (1975).
33. Diamond, I. T.: The subdivisions of neocortex: A proposal to revise the traditional view of sensory motor and association areas. Progr. Psychobiol. Psychol. 8: 243 (1973).
34. Dogiel, A. S.: Die Nervenendigungen in der Haut der äusseren Genitalorgane des Menschen. Z. Mikrosk.-anat. Forsch. 41: 585-612 (1893).
35. Dogiel, A. S. : Über die Nervenendapparate in der Haut des Menschen. Z. Wiss. Zool. 75: 46-111 (1903).
36. Dubový, R. and P. Černá: Evidence for the presence of different molecule forms of non-specific cholinesterase in Pacinian and simple sensory corpuscles. A histochemical and biochemical study. Scripta Med. 60: 51-60 (1987).
37. Dubový, R. and L. Malinovsky: Electron microscopic localization of cholinesterase activity in Pacinian corpuscles of the cat mesentery. Z. Mikrosk.-anat. Forsch. 96: 802-816 (1982).
38. Dykes, R. W.: Parallel processing of cutaneous information in the somatosensory system of the cat. J. Canad. Sci. Neurol. 9: 9-19 (1983).
39. English, K. B., D.K.-V. Norman and K. Horch: Effects of chronic denervation on Type I cutaneous mechanoreceptors (Haarscheiben). Anat. Rec. 207: 79-88 (1983).
40. Fujita, T.: Concept of paraneurons. Arch. Histol. Jap. 40 Suppl.: 1-12 (1977).
41. Goldscheider, A.: Histologische Untersuchungen liber die Endigungsweise der Hautsinnesnerven beim Menschen. Arch. Physiol. (Leipzig) Suppl.: 191-227 (1886).
42. Gottschaldt, K.-M. and C. Vahle-Hinz: Evidence against transmitter function of met-enkephalin and chemosynaptic impulse generation in “Merkel cell” mechanoreceptors. Exp. Brain Res. 45: 459-463 (1982).
43. Gu, J., J. M. Polak, F. J. Tapia, P. J. Marangos and A. G. E. Pearse: Neuron-specific enolase in the Merkel cells of mammalian skin. Amer. J. Pathol. 101: 63-68 (1981).
44. Haiden, G. J. and E. A. Awad : The ultrastructure of the avian Golgi tendon organ. Anat. Rec. 200: 153-161 (1981).
45. Halata, Z.: Innervation der unbehaarten Nasenhaut des Maulwurfs (Talpa europaea). II. Innervation der Dermis (einfache eingekapselte Korperchen). Z. Zellforsch. 125: 121-131 (1972).
46. Halata, Z. : The mechanoreceptors of the mammalian skin: Ultrastructural and morphological classification. Adv. Anat. Embryol. Cell Biol. 50: 7-75 (1975).
47. Halata, Z. : The ultrastructure of the sensory nerve endings in the articular capsule of the knee joint of the domestic cat (Rufhni corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles). J. Anat. 124: 717-729 (1977).
48. Halata, Z. : Postnatale Entwicklung sensibler Nervenen-digungen in der unbehaarten Nasenhaut der Katze. Biblthca Anat. 19: 210-235 (1981).
49. Halata, Z. and B. L. Munger: Sensory nerve endings in rhesus monkey sinus hairs. J. Comp. Neurol. 192: 645-663 (1980a).
50. Halata, Z. and B. L. Munger : The sensory innervation of the primate eyelid. Anat. Rec. 198: 657-692 (1980b).
51. Halata, Z. and B. L. Munger : The ultrastructure of Ruffini and Herbst corpuscles in the articular capsule of domestic pigeon. Anat. Rec. 198: 681-692 (1980c).
52. Halata, Z. and B. L. Munger : Identification of the Ruffini corpuscle in human hairy skin. Cell Tiss. Res. 219: 437-440 (1981).
53. Halata, Z. and B. L. Munger: The sensory innervation of primate facial skin. II. Vermilion border and mucosa of the lip. Brain Res. Rev. 5: 81-107 (1983).
54. Halata, Z. and B. L. Munger: The sensorineural apparatus of the human eyelid. Amer. J. Anat. 170: 181-204 (1984).
55. Halata, Z. and B. L. Munger:The neuroanatomical basis for the protopathic sensibility of the human glans penis. Brain Res. 371: 205-230 (1986).
56. Hale, A. R.: Morphogenesis of volar skin in the human fetus. Amer. J. Anat. 91: 147-181 (1952).
57. Hartschuh, W. and E. Weihe: Fine structural analysis of the synaptic junction of Merkel cell-axon complexes. J. Invest. Dermatol. 75: 159-165 (1980).
58. Hartschuh, W., E. Weihe, M. Buchler, V. Helm-Staedter, V. Feurle and W. G. Forssman: Met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in Merkel cells. Cell Tiss. Res. 201: 343-348 (1978).
59. Hartschuh, W., E. Weihe, N. Yanaihara and M. Reinecke: Immunohistochemical localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in Merkel cells of various mammals: Evidence for a neuromodulator function of the Merkel cell. J. Invest. Dermatol. 81: 361-364 (1983).
60. Hashimoto, K.: Fine structure of the Meissner corpuscle of human palmar skin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 60: 20-28, (1973).
61. Head, H. and J. Sherren : The consequences of injury to the peripheral nerves in man. Brain 28: 116-338 (1905).
62. Hebb, C. and K. J. Hill: Pseudocholinesterases in Pacinian corpuscles. Nature 175: 597 (1955).
63. Hensel, H.: Cutaneous thermoreceptors. In: (ed. by) A. Iggo: Handbook of sensory physiology, Vol. II. Somatosensory system. Springer, Berlin, 1973 (pp. 79-110).
64. Hoggan, G. and F. E. Hoggan: Forked nerve endings on hairs. J. Anat. 27: 224-231 (1892 / 1993).
65. Holbrook, K. A.: Structure and function of the developing human skin. In: (ed. by) L. E. Goldsmith: Biochemistry and physiology of the skin. Oxford, New York, 1983 (p. 64-101).
66. Horstmann, E.: Die Haut. In: (ed. by) E. von Möllen-Dorf: Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen, III/3. Haut und Sinnersorgane. Springer, Berlin, 1957 (p. 1-276).
67. Ide, C.: The fine structure of the digital corpuscle of the mouse toe pad, with special reference to nerve fibers. Amer. J. Anat. 147: 329-356 (1976).
68. Ide, C.: Development of Meissner corpuscle of mouse toe pad. Anat. Rec. 188 : 49-67 (1977).
69. Ide, C.: Degeneration of mouse digital corpuscles. Amer. J. Anat. 163: 59-72 (1982a).
70. Ide, C.: Regeneration of mouse digital corpuscles. Amer. J. Anat. 163: 73-85 (1982b).
71. Ide, C.: Histochemical study of lamellar cell development of Meissner corpuscle. Arch. Histol. Jap. 45: 83-97 (1982c).
72. Ide, C.: Basal laminae and Meissner corpuscle regeneration. Brain Res. 384: 311-322 (1986).
73. Ide, C.: Role of extracellular matrix in the regeneration of a Pacinian corpuscle. Brain Res. 413: 155-169 (1987).
74. Specializations of plasma membranes in Pacinian corpuscles: Implications of mechano-electric transduction
75. Ide, C., K. Kumagai and S. Hayashi: Freeze-fracture study of mechanoreceptive digital corpuscle of mice. J. Neurocytol. 14: 1037-1052 (1985).
76. Ide, C., K. Kumagai and S. Hayashi: Freeze-fracture study of mechanoreceptive digital corpuscle of mice. J. Neurocytol. 14: 1037-1052 (1985).
77. Ide, C. and B. L. Munger: A cytologic study of Grandry corpuscle development in chicken toe skin. J. Comp. Neurol. 179: 301-324, 1978.
78. Ide, C., T. Nitatori and B. L. Munger: The cytology of human Pacinian corpuscles: Evidence for sprouting of the central axon. Arch. Histol. Jap. 50: 363-383 (1987).
79. Ide, C. and T. Saito: Electron microscopic histochemistry of ATPase and alkaline phosphatase activities in mouse digital corpuscles. J. Neurocytol. 9: 207-218 (1980a).
80. Electron microscopic cytochemistry of cholinesterase activity of mouse digital corpuscle
81. Ide, C. and T. Saito: Electron microscopic cytochemistry of cholinesterase activity of mouse digital corpuscle. Acta Histochem. Cytochem. 13 : 218-226 (1980b).
82. Ide, C. and T. Saito: Electron microscopic histochemistry of cholinesterase activity of Vater-Pacini corpuscle. Acta Histochem. Cytochem. 13 : 293-305 (1980c).
83. Ide, C. and K. Tohyama: Macrophages in Pacinian corpuscles. Acta Anat. 121: 110-114 (1985).
84. Ide, C., Y. Yoshida, S. Hayashi, M. Takashio and B. L. Munger: A re-evaluation of the cytology of Pacinian corpuscle. II. The extreme tip. Cell Tiss. Res. (1988, in press).
85. Iggo, A.: Cutaneous receptors. In: (ed. by) S. J. Hubbard: The peripheral nervous system. Pergamon, New York-London, 208, 1974 (p. 351-353).
86. Iggo, A. and A. R. Muir: The structure and function of a slowly adapting touch corpuscle in hair skin. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 200: 763-796 (1969).
87. Ilyinsky, O. B.: Process of excitation and inhibition in single mechanoreceptors (Pacinian corpuscles). Nature 208: 351-353 (1965).
88. Ilyinsky, O. B., G. N. Akoev, T. L. Krasnikova and S. I. Elman: K and Na ion content in the Pacinian corpuscle fluid and its role in the activity of receptors. Pflugers Archiv. (Europ. J. Physiol.) 361: 279-285 (1976).
89. Iwanaga, T., T. Fujita, Y. Takahashi and T. Naka-Jima: Meissner's and Pacinian corpuscles as studied by immunohistochemistry for S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase and neurofilament protein. Neurosci. Lett. 31: 117-121 (1982).
90. Jirmanová, I. and I. Zelená: Uptake of horseradish peroxidase by sensory terminals of lamellated corpuscles in mouse foot pads. Acta Neuropathol. 52: 129-134 (1980).
91. Johnson, K. O. and G. D. Lamb: Neural mechanisms of spatial tactile discrimination: Neural patterns evoked by braille-like dot patterns in the monkey. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 310: 117-144 (1981).
92. Jones, T. E. and B. L. Munger: Early differentiation of the afferent nervous system in glabrous snout skin of the opossum (Monodelphis domestica). Somatosen. Res. 3: 169-184 (1985).
93. Jones, T. E. and B. L. Munger: Neural modulation of cutaneous differentiation: Epidermal hyperplasia and precocious hair development following partial neuralectomy in opossum pups. Neurosci. Lett. 79: 6-10 (1987).
94. Kaas, J. H., R. J. Nelson, M. Sur and M. M. Mer-Zenich: Organization of somatosensory cortex in primates. In: (ed. by) F. O. Schmidt, F. G. Worden, G. Adelman and S. G. Dennis: The organization of the cerebral cortex. M. I. T. Press, 1981 (p. 237-262).
95. Kandel, E. R. and J. M. Schwartz: Principles of neural science. Second Ed. Elsevier, New York, 1985.
96. Krause, W.: Über Nervenendigungen. Z. Ration Med. 5: 28-43 (1859).
97. Krause, W.: Die Nervenendigung innerhalb der terminalen Körperchen. Arch. Mikrosk. Anat. 19: 53-136 (1881).
98. Kruger, L., E. R. Perl and M. J. Sedivec: Fine structure of myelinated mechanical nociceptor endings in cat hairy skin. J. Comp. Neurol. 198: 137-154 (1981).
99. Kurosumi, K.: Paraneuronic and related cells in the mammalian skin. In: (ed. by) R. E. Coupland and T. Fujita : Chromaffin, enterochromaffin, and related cells. Elsevier, Amsterdam-Oxford-New York 1976 (p. 171-189)
100. Landmann, L. E. and Z. Halata: Merkel cells and nerve endings in the labial epidermis of a lizard. Cell Tiss. Res. 210: 353-357, (1980).
101. Lennie, P.: Parallel visual pathways: A review. Vis. Res. 20: 561-594 (1980).
102. Loesch, D. Z.: Quantitative dermatoglyphics: Classification, genetics, and pathology. Oxford Monographs on Medical Genetics, Oxford University Press, Oxford-New York, 1983.
103. Loewenstein, W. R.: Mechano-electric transduction in the Pacinian corpuscle. Initiation of sensory impulses in mechanoreceptors. In : (ed. by) W. R. Loewenstein: Handbook of sensory physiology, Vol. 1. Principles of receptor physiology. Springer, New York, 1971 (p. 269-290).
104. Loewenstin, W. R. and D. Molins: Cholinesterase in a receptor. Science 128: 1284 (1958).
105. Loewenstein, W. R. and R. Skalak: Mechanical transmission in a Pacinian corpuscle. J. Physiol. 182: 346-378 (1966).
106. Loewenstein, W. R., Y. Kanno and S. J. Socolar: The cell-to-cell channel. Fed. Proc. 37: 2645-2650 (1978).
107. Maeda, T., T. Iwanaga, T. Fujita, Y. Takahashi and S. Kobayashi: Distribution of nerve fibers immunoreactive to neurofilament protein in rat molars and periodontium. Cell Tiss. Res. 249: 13-23 (1987).
108. Malinovský, L. and J. Sommerová: Die postnatale Entwicklung der Vater-Pacinischen Korperchen in der Fussballen der Hauskatze (Felis silvestrisf. catus L.). Acta Anat. 81: 183-201 (1972).
109. Mathewson, R. C. and P. B. Nava: Effects of age on Meissner corpuscles: A study of silver-impregnated neurites in mouse digital pads. J. Comp. Neurol. 231: 250-259 (1985).
110. Meissner, G.: Beiträge zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Haut. Leipzig. Leopold Voss 47 : 2 (1853).
111. Merkel, F.: Über die Endigungen der sensiblen Nerven in der Haut der Wirbelthiere. Schmidt, Rostock, 1880.
112. Merzenich, N. M. and T. Harrington: The sense of flutter-vibration evoked by stimulation of the hairy skin of primates: Comparison of human sensory capacity with the responses of mechanoreceptive afferents innervating the hairy skin of monkey. Exp. Brain Res. 9: 231-260 (1969).
113. Merzenich, N. M. and J. H. Kaas: Principles of organization of sensory perceptual systems in mammals. Prog. Psychobiol. Physiol. Psychol. 9: 2-42 (1980).
114. Midlo, C. and H. Cummins: Palmar and plantar dermatoglyphics in primates. Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1942.
115. Miller, M. R., H. J. Ralston III, and M. Kasahara: The pattern of cutaneous innervation of the human hand. Amer. J. Anat. 102: 183-217 (1958).
116. Moll, R., I. Moll, and W. W. Franke: Identification of Merkel cells in human skin by specific cytokeratin antibodies. Different. 28: 136-154 (1984).
117. Moll, R., I. Moll, and W. W. Franke: Formation of epidermal and dermal Merkel cells during human fetal skin development. J. Invest. Dermatol. 87: 779-787 (1986).
118. Moore, S. J. and B. L. Munger: The early ontogeny of the afferent nerves and papillary ridges in human digital glabrous skin. Submitted (1988).
119. Mršević, D., S. Stefanović and V. Djordjević: Beitrag zum Studium des Vorkommens und der Entwicklung von Vater-Pacinischen Lamellenkörperchen in der Analgegend des Menschen im Laufe der Interuterin-entwicklung. Acta Anat. 72: 75-82 (1969).
120. Munger, B. L.: A phase and electron microscopic study of cellular differentiation in pancreatic acinar cells of the mouse. Amer. J. Anat. 103: 1-34 (1958a).
121. Munger, B. L.: A light and electron microscopic study of cellular differentiation in the pancreatic islets of the mouse. Amer. J. Anat. 103: 275-312 (1958b).
122. Munger, B. L.: The intraepidermal innervation of the snout skin of the opossum. A light and electron microscopic study with observations on the nature of Merkeln's “Tastzellen. J. Cell Biol. 26: 79-97 (1965).
123. Munger, B. L.: Patterns of organization of peripheral sensory receptors. In: (ed. by) W. R. Loewenstein: Handbook of sensory physiology, I. Principles of receptor physiology. Springer, Berlin, 1971 (p. 523-556).
124. Munger, B. L.: Cytology and ultrastructure of sensory receptors in the adult and newborn primate tongue. In: (ed. by) J. F. Bosma: Development of fetus and infant, 73-546 DHEW Publication, 1973 (p. 75-95).
125. Munger, B. L.: Specificity in the development of sensory receptors in primate oral mucosa. In: (ed. by) J. F. Bosma: Development of upper respiratory anatomy and function: Implication for sudden and unexpected infant death. DHEW Publ. (NIH) 75-941, Bethesda: USD-HEW, 1975a (p. 96-120).
126. Munger, B. L.: Cytology of mechanoreceptors in oral mucosa and facial skin of the rhesus monkey. In: (ed. by) R. O. Brady: The nervous system. Vol. 1. The basic neuro-sciences. Raven Press, New York, 1975b (p. 71-79).
127. Munger, B. L.: Multiple afferent innervation of primate facial hairs, Henry Head and Max von Frey revisited. Brain Res. Rev. 4: 1-43 (1982).
128. Munger, B. L. and Z. Halata: The sensory innervation of the primate facial skin. I. Hairy skin. Brain Res. Rev. 5: 45-80 (1983).
129. Munger, B. L. and Z. Halata: The sensorineural apparatus of the human eyelid. Amer. J. Anat. 170: 181-204 (1984).
130. Munger, B. L. and C. Ide: The enigma of sensitivity in Pacinian corpuscles: A critical review and hyopthesis of mechano-electric transduction. Neurosci. Res. 5:1-15 (1987).
131. Munger, B. L., R. B. Page and B. H. Pubols: Inden tification of specific mechanosensory receptors in glabrous skin of dorsal root ganglionectomized primates (Abstract). Anat. Rec. 193: 630-631, (1979).
132. Munger, B. L. and L. M. Pubols: The sensorineural organization of the digital skin of the raccoon. Brain Behav. Evol. 5: 367-392 (1972).
133. Munger, B.L. and F. L. Rice: Successive waves of differentiation of cutaneous afferents in rat mystacial skin. J. Comp. Neurol. 252: 404-414 (1986).
134. Munger, B. L. and R. J. Schneider: Dissociated sensibility in human hairs following peripheral nerve injury, Henry Head confirmed (Abstract). Pain Meeting (1986).
135. Munger, B. L., Y. Yoshida, S. Hayashi, T. Osawa and C. Ide: A re-evaluation of cat Pacinian corpuscles. I. The inner core and clefts. Cell Tiss. Res. (1988, in press).
136. Nagai, T.: Encapsulated sensory corpuscle in the mucosa of human vocal cord: An electron microscope study. Arch. Histol. Jap. 45: 145-153 (1982).
137. Nakai, J. and T. Shida: Sinus-hair of the sei-whale (Balaenoptera borcalis). Sci. Rep. Whal. Res. Inst. 1: 41-47, 1948.
138. Ness, K. H., T. H. Morton, and B. A. Dale: Identification of Merkel cells in oral epithelium using antiker-atin and antineuro-endocrine monoclonal antibodies. J. Dental Res. 66: 1154-1158, (1987).
139. Nishi, K., C. Oura and W. Pallie: Fine structure of Pacinian corpuscles in the mesentery of the cat. J. Cell Biol. 43: 539-553 (1969).
140. Nitatori, T.: On the fine structure of human Golgi tendon organs as studied by three-dimentional observation. J. Neurocytol. (1988, in press).
141. Nurse, C. A. and J. Diamond: A fluorescent microscopic study of the development of rat touch domes and their Merkel cells. Neuroscience 11: 509-520 (1984).
142. Nurse, C. A., L. Macintyre and J. Diamond: A quantitative study of the time course of the reduction in Merkel cell number within denervated rat touch domes. Neuroscience 11: 521-533 (1984a).
143. Nurse, C. A., L. Macintyre and J. Diamond: Reinnervation of the rat touch dome restores the Merkel cell population reduced after denervation. Neuroscience 13: 563-571 (1984b).
144. Ochiai, T. and H. Suzuki: Fine structure and mor-phometric studies of the Merkel cell during fetal and postnatal development. J. Invest. Dermatol. 77: 437-443 (1981).
145. Okajima, M. and Y. Asai: Anatomical and microscopic study of the volar dermal ridges of the rat (Rattus norvegicus). Amer. J. Anthropol. 67: 81-88 (1985).
146. Pacini, F.: Nuovi organi scoperti nel corpo umano. Pistoja: Tipgrafia Cino, 1840.
147. Patrizi, G. and B. L. Munger: The cytology of encapsulated nerve endings in the rat penis. J. Ultrastr. Res. 13: 500-515 (1965).
148. Patrizi, G. and B. L. Munger: The ultrastracture and innervation of rat vibrissae. J. Comp. Neurol. 126 : 423-436 (1966).
149. Pease, D. C. and W. Pallie: Electron microscopy of digital tactile corpuscles and small cutaneous nerves. J. Ultrastr. Res. 2: 352-365 (1959).
150. Pease, D. C. and T. A. Quilliam: Electron microscopy of the Pacinian corpuscle. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 3: 331-342 (1957).
151. Perez, A. P. R.: Contribution a la connaissance des terminaisons intersudorales. Trav. Lab. Rech. Biol. Univ. Madrid 27: 339-343 (1931 / 1932).
152. Perl, E. R.: Pain and nociceptors. In: (ed. by) I. Darian-Smith: Handbook of physiology, Sect 1, III/2: Sensory processes. Amer. Physiol. Soc., Bethesda, Maryland, 1984 (p. 739-788).
153. Pinkus, F.: Über Hautsinnesorgane neben dem mensch-lichen Haar (Haarscheiben) und ihre vergleichend-anatomische Bedeutung. Arch. Mikrosk. Anat. 65:121-179 (1905).
154. Poláček, P. and Z. Halata: Development of simple encapsulated corpuscles in the nasolabial region of the cat. (Ultrastructural study), Folia Morphol. (Prague) 18: 359-368 (1970).
155. Polacek, P. and L. Malinovsky: Die Ultrastruktur der Genitalkoperchen in der Clitoris. Z. Mikrosk.-anat. Forsch. 84: 293-310 (1971).
156. Polacek, P. and K. Mazanec: Ultrastructure of mature Pacinian corpuscles from the mesentery of adult cat. Z. Zellforsch. 73: 343-354 (1966).
157. Pubols, L. M., B. H. Pubols and B. L. Munger: Functional properties of mechanoreceptors in glabrous skin. Brain Res. 29: 47-61 (1971).
158. Quillium, T. A. and M. Sato: The distribution of myelin on nerve fibers from Pacinian corpuscles. J. Physiol. 129: 167-176 (1955).
159. Renehan, W. E. and B. L. Munger: Degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerve in the rat trigeminal system. I. Identification and characterization of the multiple afferent innervation of mystacial vibrissae. J. Comp. Neurol. 246: 129-145 (1986a).
160. Renehan, W. E. and B. L. Munger: Degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerve in the rat trigeminal system. II. Response to nerve lesions. J. Comp. Neurol. 249: 429-459 (1986b).
161. Rice, F. L., A. Mance and B. L. Munger: A comparative light microscopic analysis of the sensory innervation of the mystacial pad in the hamster, mouse, rat, gerbil, rabbit, guinea pig, and cat. I. Innervation of vibrissal follicle-sinus complexes. J. Com. Neurol. 252: 154-174 (1986).
162. Rice, F. L. and B. L. Munger: A comparative light microscopic analysis of the sensory innervation of the mystacial pad. II. The common fur between the vibrissae. J. Comp. Neurol. 252: 186-205 (1986).
163. Rivers, R. H. R. and H. Head: A human experiment in nerve division. Brain 31: 323-450 (1908).
164. Saito, O.: Studien üiber die Lamellenkorperchen. II. Entwicklung der lamellenkörperchen in Fersenteil des Menschenfötus (Japanese text with German abstract). Arch. Histol. Jap. 3: 441-4444 (1952).
165. Sakada, S. and H. Aida: Electrophysiological studies of Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles in the periosteum of the cat facial bones. Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll. 12: 255-272 (1971a).
166. Sakada, S. and H. Aida: Localization and shape of Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles in the facial bones periosteum of the cat. Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll. 12: 235-253 (1971b).
167. Samulack, D. D., B. L. Munger, R.W. Dykes and R. K. Daniel: Neuronanatomical evidence of reinnervation in primate allografted (transplanted) skin during cyclosporine immunosuppression. Neurosci. Lett. 72: 16 (1986).
168. Sato, O., T. Maeda, S. Kobayashi, T. Iwanaga, T. Fujita and Y. Takahashi: Innervation of periodontal ligament and dental pulp in the rat incisor: An immuno-histochemical investigation of neurofilament protein and glia-specific S-100 protein. Cell Tiss. Res. 251:13-21 (1988).
169. Saurat, J.-H., P. Chavaz, P. Carraux and L. Didier-Jean: A human monoclonal antibody reacting with Merkel cells: Immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase, and immunoelectron microscopy. J. Invest. Dermatol. 81: 249-253 (1983).
170. Saurat, J.-H., Y. Merot, L. Didierjean and D. Dahl: Normal rabbit Merkel cells do not express neurofilament proteins. J. Invest. Dermatol. 82: 641-642 (1984).
171. Saxod, R.: Development of cutaneous sensory receptors in birds. In: (ed. by) M. Jacobson : Handbook of sensory physiology, Vol IX. Development of sensory organs. Springer, Berlin, 1978 (p. 338-417).
172. Schoultz, T. W. and J. E. Swett: Ultrastructural organization of the sensory fibers innervating the Golgi tendon organ. Anat. Rec. 179: 147-162, (1972).
173. Scott, S. A., E. Cooper and J. Diamond: Merkel cells as targets of the mechanosensory nerves in salamander skin. Proc. Roy. Soc. London 211: 453-470, (1981).
174. Seto, H.: Studies on the sensory innervation (Human sensibility). Igaku Shoin, Ltd., Tokyo, 1963.
175. Shanthaveerappa, T. R. and G. H. Bourne: New observations on the structure in Pacinian corpuscles and its relationship to the epithelium of peripheral nerves. Amer. J. Anat. 112: 97-109 (1963).
176. Silverman, R. T., B. L. Munger and Z. Halata: The sensory innervation of the rat rhinarium. Anat. Rec. 214: 210-255 (1986).
177. Smith, K. R. and B. J. Creech: Effects of pharmacological agents on the physiological responses of hair discs. Exp. Neurol. 19: 477-482 (1967).
178. Spassova, I.: Ultrastructural relationship between the receptor nerve fiber and surrounding lamellae in Krause end-bulbs. Acta Anat. 109:360-368 (1981).
179. Spencer, P. S. and H. H. Schaumburg: An ultrastructural study of the inner core of the Pacinian corpuscle. J. Neurocytol. 2: 217-235, (1973).
180. StöHr, P.: Das peripherische Nervensystem. In: (ed. by) W. von MöLlendorff: Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen, IV / 1. Springer, Berlin, 1928 (p. 208-448).
181. Strasmann, T., Z. Halata and S. K. Loo: Topography and ultrastructure of sensory nerve endings in the joint capsule of the kowari (Dasyurides byrnei), an Australian marsupial. Anat. Embryol. 176: 1-12 (1987).
182. Suzuki, H. and K. Kurosumi: Fine structure of the cutaneous nerve endings in the mole snout. Arch. Histol. Jap. 34: 35-50 (1972).
183. Tachibana, T., Y. Sakakura, K. Ishizeki, S. Iida And T. Nawa: Migration of Merkel cells in the labial mucous epithelium of adult rabbits following mental nerve resection. Cell Tiss. Res. 223: 659-664 (1982).
184. Tachibana, T., Y. Sakakura, K. Ishizeki, S. Iida And T. Nawa: An experimental study of the influence of sensory nerve fibers on Merkel cell differentiation in the labial mucosa of the rabbit. Arch. Histol. Jap. 46: 469-466 (1983).
185. Tachibana, T., K. Ishizeki and Y. Sakakura: Distinct types of encapsulated sensory corpuscles in the oral mucosa of the dog: Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies. Anat. Rec. 217: 90-98 (1987a).
186. Tachibana, T., Y. Sakakura, K. Ishizeki and T. Nawa: Nerve endings in the vermilion border and mucosal areas of the rat lip. Arch. Histol. Jap. 50: 73-85 (1987b).
187. Tohyama, K and C. Ide: Carbonic anhydrase activity in axon terminals of sensory corpuscles. Arch. Histol. Jap. 50: 325-333 (1987).
188. Toyoma, Y.: The morphology of sensory corpuscles in the joint capsule. Ultrastructural and histochemical study (Japanese text with English abstract). J. Jap. Orthop. Ass. 59: 397-407 (1985).
189. Toyoshima, K., K. Miyamoto and A. Shimamura: The ultrastructure of encapsulated sensory corpuscles in the fungiform papillae of monkeys. Arch. Histol. Jap. 50: 385-392 (1987).
190. Vater, A.: Dissertation de consensu partium corpori humani. Haller, Disputationum anatomicarum selectar-um, Gottingae, Vol. II, 1741.
191. Von Frey, M.: Beitrage zur Physiologie des Schmerz-sinns. Erste Mitt. Akad. Wiss. Leipzig, Math-Naturwiss. Kl. Ber. 46: 185-196, (1894a)
192. Von Frey, M.: Beiträge zur Physiologie des Schmerzsinns. Zweite Mitt. Akad. Wiss. Leipzig, Math-Naturwiss. Kl. Ber. 46: 283-296 (1894b).
193. Von Frey, M.: Beiträge zur Sinnesphysiologie der Haut. Dritte Mitt. K. Sachsische Ges. Wiss. Ber. 47: 166-184 (1895).
194. Wagner, R. and M. Meissner: Über den Vorhandensein bisher unbekannten eigentiimlicher Tastkorperchen (Corpuscula tactus) in den Gefiihlswarzchen der men-schlichen Haut und liber die Endausbreitung sensitiver Nerven. Nachrichten von der Georg-August-Universitat und der Konigl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen 2: 17-30 (1852).
195. Warr, W. B.: Parallel ascending pathways from the cochlear nucleus: Neuroanatomical evidence of functional specialization. Contrib. Sens. Physiol. 6: 1-38 (1982).
196. Watanabe, I. S. and E. Yamada: A light and electron microscopic study of lamellated nerve endings found in rat cheek mucosa. Arch. Histol. Jap. 48: 497-504 (1985).
197. Weddell, G.: The pattern of cutaneous innervation in relation to cutaneous sensibility. J. Anat. 75: 346-366 (1941).
198. Weddell, G.: Studies related to the mechanism of common sensibility. In: (ed. by) W. Montagna: Advances in biology of skin. I. Cutaneous innervation. Pergamon, New York, 1960 (p. 112-160).
199. Weddell, G. and S. Miller: Cutaneous sensibility. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 24: 192-199 (1962).
200. Whitear, M. and B. Lane: Fine structure of Merkel cells in lampreys. Cell Tiss. Res. 220: 139-151 (1981).
201. Winkelmann, R. K.: Nerve endings in normal and pathologic skin. Charles C. Thomas, Illinois, 1960.
202. Yamamoto, T., Y. Ito, H. Ueda and J. Yamaguchi: Sensory innervation of dorsum linguae in goat. Arch. Histol. Jap. 13: 547-558 (1957).
203. Yhoro, T.: Structure of the sinus hair follicle in the big-clawed shrew, Sorex unguiculatus. J. Morphol. 153 : 333-354 (1977).
204. Yokota, R., C. Ide, T. Nitatori and S. Onodera: Cholinesterase activity in the carotid sinus baroreceptors. Acta Histochem. Cytochem. 15: 537-542 (1982).
205. Yokota, R., C. Ide, T. Nitatori and S. Onodera: Electron microscopic histochemistry of cholinesterase activity in the baroreceptors of the cat atrial endocardium. Acta Histochem. Cytochem. 16: 129-137 (1983).
206. Yoshida, Y., T. Ushiki, M. Takashio, B. L. Munger and C. Ide: Membrane relationships in murine Meissner corpuscles: The cytology of freeze-substituted tissue. Anat. Rec. submitted (1988).
207. Zelená, J.: The development of Pacinian corpuscles. J. Neurocytol. 7: 71-91 (1978).
208. Zelená, J.: Rapid degeneration of developing rat Pacinian corpuscles after denervation. Brain Res. 187: 97-111 (1980).
209. Zelená, J.: Multiple innervation of rat Pacinian corpuscles regenerated after neonatal axotomy. Neuroscience 6: 1675-1686 (1981).
210. Zelená, J.: The effect of long-term denervation on the ultrastructure of Pacinian corpuscles in the cat. Cell Tiss. Res. 238:387-394 (1984a).
211. Zelená, J.: Multiple axon terminals in regenerated Pacinian corpuscles of the adult rat. J. Neurocytol. 13: 665-684 (1984b).
212. Zelená, J. and T. Soukup: The development of Golgi tendon organs. J. Neurocytol. 6: 171-194 (1977).