Obesity in black women

Epidemiologic Reviews

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 1987, Pages 31-50

  Kumanyika, Shiriki ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CAUCASIAN; CHILD; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INFANT; MORTALITY; NEGRO; OBESITY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; REVIEW; SOCIOECONOMICS; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CAUCASOID RACE; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMAN; INFANT; MIDDLE AGE; NEGROID RACE; OBESITY; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S.; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0023484791     PISSN: 0193936X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036307     Document Type: Article

References (135)

1. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Panel on the Health Implications of Obesity. Health implications of obesity. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:1073-7.
2. Van Italie TB. Health implications of overweight and obesity in the United States. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:983-8.
3. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 1984. (DHHS publication no. (PHS)85-1232). Public Health Service. Washington, DC: US GPO, December 1984.
4. Bonham GS, Brock DB. The relationship of diabetes with race, sex, and obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;41:776-83.
5. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group. Race, education and prevalence of hypertension. Am J Epidemiol 1977;106:351-61.
6. Gartside PS, Khoury P, Glueck CJ. Determinants of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in blacks and whites: the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am Heart J 1984;108:641-53.
7. Andres R, Elahi D, Tobin JD, et al. Impact of age on weight goals. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:1030-3.
8. National Center for Health Statistics. Abraham S. Weight by height and age for adults 18-74 years: United States, 1971-74. (Vital and health statistics. Series 11, no. 208) (DHEW publication no. (PHS)79-1656). Public Health Service. Washington, DC: US GPO, September 1979.
9. National Center for Health Statistics. Landis J, Lepkowski J, Eklund S, et al. A statistical methodology for analyzing data from a complex survey, the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. (Vital and health statistics. Series 2, no. 92) (DHHS publication no. 821366). Public Health Service. Washington, DC: US GPO, September 1982.
10. Khoury P, Morrison JA, Mellies MJ, et al. Weight change since age 18 years in 30- to 55- year old whites and blacks: associations with lipid values, lipoprotein levels, and blood pressure. JAMA 1983;250:3179-87.
11. National Center for Health Statistics. Abraham S. Obese and overweight adults in the United States. (Vital and health statistics. Series 11, no. 230) (DHHS publication no. 83-1680). Public Health Service. Washington, DC: US GPO, January 1983.
12. 2) as a measure of fatness. Int J Obes 1985;9:147-53.
13. Young CM, Blondin J, Tensuan R, et al. Body composition studies of “older” women, thirty to seventy years of age. Ann NY Acad Sci 1963;110:589-607.
14. Gam SM, Clark DC. Trends in fatness and the origins of obesity. Pediatrics 1976;57:443-56.
15. National Center for Health Statistics. Basic data on anthropometric measurements and angular measurements of the hip and knee joints for selected age groups 1-74 years of age United States, 1971-1975. (Vital and health statistics. Series 11, no. 219) (DHHS publication no. (PHS)81-1669). Public Health Service. Washington, DC: US GPO, April 1981.
16. Blair D, Habicht J-P, Sims EAH, et al. Evidence for an increased risk for hypertension with centrally located body fat and the effect of race and sex on this risk. Am J Epidemiol 1984;119:526-40.
17. Feldman R, Sender AJ, Siegelaub MS. Difference in diabetic and nondiabetic fat distribution patterns by skinfold measurements. Diabetes 1969;18:478-86.
18. Haffner SM, Stem MP, Hazuda HP, et al. The role of behavioral variables and fat patterning in explaining ethnic differences in serum lipids and lipoproteins. Am J Epidemiol 1986;123:830-9.
19. Bjomtorp P. Obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Ann Clin Res 1985;17:3-9.
20. Hartz AJ, Rupley DC Jr, Kalkhopf R, et al. Relationship of obesity to diabetes: influence of obesity level and body fat distribution. Prev Med 1983;12:351-7.
21. Hartz AJ, Rupley DC, Rimm AA. The association of girth measurements with disease in 32,856 women. Am J Epidemiol 1984;119:71-80.
22. Mueller WH. The changes with age of the anatomical distribution of fat. Soc Sci Med 1982;16:191-6.
23. US Department of Health and Human Services. Health status of minorities and low income groups. (DHHS publication no. (HRSA)HRS- P-DV85-1). Public Health Service. Washington, DC: US GPO, 1985.
24. Rimm IJ, Rimm AA. Association between socioeconomic status and obesity in 59,556 women. Prev Med 1974;3:543-52.
25. Oken B, Hartz A, Giefer E, et al. Relation between socioeconomic status and obesity changes in 9046 women. Prev Med 1977;6:447-53.
26. Gam SM, Bailey SM, Cole PE, et al. Level of education, level of income, and level of fatness in adults. Am J Clin Nutr 1977;30:721-5.
27. National Center for Health Statistics. Fulwood R. Height and weight of adults, ages 18-74 years, by socioeconomic and geographic variables, United States. (Vital and health statistics. Series 11, no. 224) (DHHS publication no. (PHS)81-1674), Public Health Service. Washington, DC: US GPO, August 1981.
28. Gam SM, Hopkins PJ, Ryan AS. Differential fatness gain of low income boys and girls. Am J Clin Nutr 1981;34:1465-8.
29. Gam SM, Ryan AS. Replicating the income related reversal of fatness. Ecol Food Nutr 1981;10:237-9.
30. Johnson JL, Heineman EF, Heiss G, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and mortality among black women and white women aged 4064 years in Evans County, Georgia. Am J Epidemiol 1986;123:209-20.
31. Lowenstein FW. Preliminary clinical and anthropometric findings from the first Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, USA, 1971-1972. Am J Clin Nutr 1976;29:918-27.
32. Statistical abstract of the United States. Resident population by race. No. 34. Resident population by race and Spanish origin-states: 1980. US Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. 105th ed. Washington, DC: US GPO, 1985:31.
33. Stewart AL, Brook RH, Kane RL. Conceptualization and measurement of health habits for adults in the health insurance study. Vol II. Overweight. R-2374/2-HEW. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, July 1980.
34. Stewart AL, Brook RH. Effect of being overweight. Am J Public Health 1983;73:171-8.
35. Huenemann RL, Hampton MC, Shapiro LR, et al. Adolescent food practices associated with obesity. Fed Proc 1966;25:4-10.
36. Malina RM. Biological substrata. In: Miller KS, Dreger RM, eds. Comparative studies of blacks and whites in the United States: quantitative studies in social relations. New York: Seminar Press, 1973:53-121.
37. Frisancho AR, Flegel PN. Elbow breadth as a measure of frame size for US males and females. Am J Clin Nutr 1983;37:311-14.
38. Harrison G. Height-weight tables. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:989-94.
39. 2) for frame size on the prediction of body fatness. Br J Nutr 1985;54:335-42.
40. National Cancer Institute. Baquet CR, Ringen K, Pollack ES, et al. Cancer among blacks and other minorities: statistical profiles. (NIH publication no. 86-2785). Public Health Service. Bethesda, MD, March 1986.
41. National Center for Health Statistics. Prevalence of osteoarthritis in adults by age, sex, race, and geographic area United States-1960-1962. (Vital and health statistics. Series 11, no. 15) (PHS publication no. 1000). Public Health Service. Washington, DC: US GPO, June 1966.
42. Barrett-Connor E. Obesity, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:1010-19.
43. Feinleib M. Epidemiology of obesity in relation to health hazards. Ann Intern Med 1985; 103:1019-24.
44. Comstock GW, Kendrick MA, Livesay VT. Subcutaneous fatness and mortality. Am J Epidemiol 1966;83:548-63.
45. Tyroler HA, Heyden S, Hames CG. Weight and hypertension: Evans County studies of blacks and whites. In: Paul O, ed. Epidemiology and control of hypertension. Miami: Symposia Specialists, 1975:177-204.
46. Langford HG, Blaufox D, Oberman A, et al. Dietary therapy slows the return of hypertension after stopping prolonged medication. JAMA 1985;253:657-64.
47. Baird DD, Tyroler HA, Heiss G, et al. Menopausal change in serum cholesterol: black/white differences in Evans County, Georgia. Am J Epidemiol 1985;122:982-93.
48. Haigh NZ, Salz KM, Chase GA, et al. The East Baltimore study: the relationship of lipids and lipoproteins to selected cardiovascular risk factors in an inner city black adult population. Am J Clin Nutr 1983;38:320-6.
49. Glueck CJ, Gartside P, Laskarzewski PM, et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol in blacks and whites: potential ramifications for coronary heart disease. Am Heart J 1984;108:815-26.
50. Tyroler HA, Glueck CJ, Christensen B, et al. Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol comparisons in black and white populations: the Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. Circulation 1980;62(Suppl IV):99-107.
51. Kumanyika SK, Savage DD. Ischemic heart disease risk factors in black Americans. In: Report of the Secretary’s Task Force on Black and Minority Health. Vol IV. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Part 2. January 1986:229-84.
52. Garfinkel L. Overweight and cancer. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:1034-6.
53. Damon A. Host factors in cancer of the breast and uterine cervix and corpus. JNCI 1960; 24:483-516.
54. Tartter PI, Papatestas AE, Ioannovich J, et al. Cholesterol and obesity as prognostic factors in breast cancer. Cancer 1981;47:2222-7.
55. La Vecchia C, Franceschi S, Gallus G, et al. Prognostic features of endometrial cancer in estrogen users and obese women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;144:387-90.
56. MacDonald PC, Edman CD, Hemsell DL, et al. Effect of obesity on conversion of plasma andro- stenedione to estrone in postmenopausal women with and without endometrial cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978;130:448-55.
57. Kauppila A, Gronroos M, Nieminen U. Clinical outcome in endometrial cancer. Obstet Gynecol 1982;60:473-80.
58. Davies JL, Rosenshein NB, Antunes CMF, et al. A review of the risk factors for endometrial carcinoma. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1981;36:107-16.
59. O’Mara BA, Byers T, Schoenfeld E. Diabetes mellitus and cancer risk: a multisite case-control study. J Chronic Dis 1985;38:435-41.
60. Dubin N, Hutter RVP, Strax P, et al. Epidemiology of minimal breast cancer among women screened in New York City. JNCI 1984;73:1273-9.
61. Ownby HE, Frederick J, Russo J, et al. Racial differences in breast cancer patients. JNCI 1983;75:55-60.
62. National Center for Health Statistics. Osteoarthritis and body measurements. (Vital and health statistics. Series 11, no. 29) (PHS publication no. 1000). Public Health Service. Washington, DC: US GPO, April 1968.
63. Bray Ga. Complications of obesity. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:1052-62.
64. Wadden TA, Stunkard AJ. Social and psychological consequences of obesity. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:1062-7.
65. Walker ARP, Segal I. The puzzle of obesity in the African black female. Lancet 1980;1:263.
66. Ernsberger P, Haskew P. News about obesity. (Letter). N Engl J Med 1986;315:130-1.
67. Van Itallie TB. News about obesity. (Letter). N Engl J Med 1986;315:131.
68. Rowland M, Fulwood R, Kleinman JC. Changes in heart disease risk factors. In: National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 1983. (DHHS publication no. (PHS) 84-1232). Public Health Service. Washington, DC: US GPO, December 1983:13-17.
69. Garfinkel L. Cigarette smoking and coronary heart disease in blacks: comparison to whites in a prospective study. Am Heart J 1984;108:802-7.
70. Stallones RA. Epidemiologic studies of obesity. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:1003-5.
71. Johnson A. Sex differentials in coronary heart disease: the explanatory role of primary risk factors. J Health Soc Behav 1977;18:46-54.
72. Cooper R. A note on the biologic concept of race and its application in epidemiologic research. Am Heart J 1984;108:715-23.
73. Stunkard AJ. Introduction and overview. In: Stunkard AJ, ed. Obesity. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 1980:1-24.
74. National Center for Health Statistics. Dietary intake findings, United States, 1971-1974. (Vital and health statistics. Series 11, no. 202) (DHEW publication no. (HRA)77-1647). Public Health Service. Washington, DC: US GPO, July 1977.
75. Braitman LE, Adlin EV, Stanton JL Jr. Obesity and caloric intake: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 1971-1975 (HANES I). J Chronic Dis 1985;38:727-32.
76. Manocha S, Gupta MC. Dietary intake in obese vs nonobese adults. Indian J Med Res 1985; 82:47-50.
77. Baecke JAH, van Staveren WA, Burema J. Food consumption, habitual physical activity, and body fatness in young Dutch adults. Am J Clin Nutr 1983;37:278-86.
78. Brownell KD, Stunkard AJ. Physical activity in the development and control of obesity. In: Stunkard AJ, ed. Obesity. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 1980:300-24.
79. Dennis KJ, Bytheway WR. Changes in body weight after delivery. J Obstet Gynecol 1965;72:94-102.
80. Thomson AM, Hytten FE, Billewicz WZ. The energy cost of human lactation. Br J Nutr 1970;24:565-72.
81. Martinez GA, Krieger FW. 1984 milk-feeding patterns in the United States. Pediatrics 1985;76:1004-8.
82. Rassin DK, Richardson J, Baranowski T, et al. Incidence of breast-feeding in a low socioeconomic group of mothers in the United States: ethnic patterns. Pediatrics 1984;73:132-7.
83. Lee-Feldstein A, Harburg E, Hauenstein L. Parity and blood pressure among four race-stress groups of females in Detroit. Am J Epidemiol 1980;111:356-66.
84. Thomson AM, Billewicz WZ. Maternal weight for height. (Abstract). Proc Nutr Soc 1965;24:xix-xx.
85. Bradley PJ. Conditions recalled to have been associated with weight gain in adulthood. Appetite 1985;6:235-41.
86. Garn SM. Some consequences of being obese. In: Hansen BC, ed. Controversies in obesity. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1983:287-300.
87. Fielding JE. Smoking: health effects and control. N Engl J Med 1985;313:491-8.
88. Dallosso HM, James WPT. The role of smoking in the regulation of energy balance. Int J Obes 1984;8:365-75.
89. Hofstetter A, Schultz Y, Jequier E, et al. Increased 24-hour energy expenditure in cigarette smokers. N Engl J Med 1986;314:79-82.
90. Stamford BA, Matter S, Fell RD, et al. Effects of smoking cessation on weight gain, metabolic rate, caloric consumption, and blood lipids. Am J Clin Nutr 1986;43:486-94.
91. Garn SM, Shaw HA, McCabe KD. Effect of maternal smoking on weight and weight gain between pregnancies. Am J Clin Nutr 1978;31:1302-3.
92. Jacobs DR Jr, Gottenborg S. Smoking and weight: the Minnesota Lipid Research Clinic. Am J Public Health 1981;71:391-6.
93. Rabkin S. Relationship between weight change and the reduction or cessation of cigarette smoking. Int J Obes 1984;8:665-73.
94. Kromhout D. Energy and macronutrient intake in lean and obese middle-aged men (the Zutphen Study). Am J Clin Nutr 1983;37:295-9.
95. Celentano DD, McQueen DV. Alcohol consumption patterns among women in Baltimore. J Stud Alcohol 1984;45:355-8.
96. Gruchow HW, Sobocinski KA, Barboriak JJ, et al. Alcohol consumption, nutrient intake and relative body weight among US adults. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;42:289-95.
97. Huenemann RL, Shapiro LR, Hampton MC, et al. A longitudinal study of gross body composition and body conformation and their association with food and activity in a teen-age population: view of teen-age subjects on body conformation, food and activity. Am J Clin Nutr 1966;18:325-38.
98. Maddox GL, Back KW, Liederman VR. Overweight as social deviance and disability. J Health Soc Behav 1968;4:287-98.
99. McGee M, Hale H Jr. Social factors and obesity among black women. Free Inquiry Creative Sociol 1980;8:83-7.
100. Morris J, Windsor RA. Personal health practices of urban adults in Alabama: Davis Avenue Community Study. Public Health Rep 1985;100:531-9.
101. Kumanyika SK, Savage DD, Beu D, et al. Awareness of risk factors for coronary heart disease and high blood pressure in a random sample of urban black and Hispanic adults: findings of a March 1985 telephone survey in Chicago, Illinois. Urban Health 1985;14:11-14, 35-37.
102. Kumanyika SK, Savage DD, Ramirez AG, et al. Beliefs about hypertension prevention in a sample of black and Hispanic adults in Chicago. (Abstract). Circulation 1985;72(Suppl III):41.
103. National Center for Health Statistics. Provisional Data from the Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey; United States, Janu- ary-March 1985. (Advance data from vital and health statistics, no. 113). (DHHS publication no. (PHS)86-1250). Public Health Service. Hyattsville, MD, Nov 15, 1985.
104. Kaul L, Standard DB, Rao MS, et al. Management of obesity in black females in a community model clinic: a preliminary study. J Natl Med Assoc 1979;71:81-3.
105. Sullivan J, Carter JP. A nutrition-physical fitness intervention program for low-income black parents. J Natl Med Assoc 1985;77:39-43.
106. Holm RP, Taussig MT, Carlton E. Behavioral modification in a weight-reduction program. J Am Diet Assoc 1983;83:170-4.
107. Wassertheil-Smoller S, Langford HG, Blaufox MD, et al. Effective dietary intervention in hypertensives: sodium restriction and weight reduction. J Am Diet Assoc 1985;85:423-32.
108. Caster WO. The core diet of lower-economic class women in Georgia. Ecol Food Nutr 1980;9:241-6.
109. Youland DM, Engle A. Dietary data methodology: practices and problems in HANES. J Am Diet Assoc 1976;68:22-5.
110. Beaton GH, Milner J, McGuire V, et al. Source of variance in 24-hour dietary recall data: implications for nutrition study design and interpretation. Carbohydrate sources, vitamins, and minerals. Am J Clin Nutr 1983;37:986-95.
111. Fetzer JN, Solt PF, McKinney S. Typology of food preferences identified by nutri-food sort. J Am Diet Assoc 1985;85:961-5.
112. Wyant KW, Meiselman HL. Sex and race differences in food preferences of military personnel. J Am Diet Assoc 1984;84:164-75.
113. Desor JA, Greene LS, Mailer O. Preferences for sweet and salty in 9- to 15-year-old and adult humans. Science 1975;190:686-7.
114. Stunkard AJ, Sorensen TIA, Hanis C, et al. An adoption study of human obesity. N Engl J Med 1986;314:193-8.
115. McMinn MR. Mechanisms of energy balance in obesity. Behav Neurosci 1984;98:375-93.
116. Himms-Hagen J. Thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue as an energy buffer. N Engl J Med 1984;311:1549-58.
117. Ravelli GP, Stein ZA, Susser MW. Obesity in young men after famine exposure in utero and early infancy. N Engl J Med 1976;295:349-53.
118. McKusick VA. The ethnic distribution of disease in the United States. J Chronic Dis 1967;20:115-18.
119. Garn SM, Clark DC. Problems in the nutritional assessment of black individuals. Am J Public Health 1976;66:262-7.
120. Meyers LD, Habicht J-P, Johnson CL. Components of the difference in hemoglobin concentrations in blood between black and white women in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 1979;109:539-49.
121. Jung E, Czajka-Narins DM. Birth weight doubling and tripling times: an updated look at the effects of birth weight, sex, race and type of feeding. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;42:182-9.
122. US Department of Health and Human Services. Report of the Secretary’s Task Force on Black and Minority Health. Vol VI. Infant mortality and low birthweight, January 1986.
123. Adadevoh BK. Obesity in the African: sociomedical and therapeutic considerations. In: Burland WL, Samuel PD, Yudkin J, eds. Obesity Symposium. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1974:60-73.
124. Geissler CA, Hamod Aldouri MS. Racial differences in the energy cost of standardized activities. Ann Nutr Metab 1985;29:40-7.
125. West KM. Culture, history and adiposity, or should Santa Clause reduce? Obesity/Bariatric Med 1974;3:48-52.
126. Foch TT, McCleam GE. Genetics, body weight, and obesity. In: Stunkard AJ, ed. Obesity. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1980:48-71.
127. Neel JV. Diabetes mellitus: a “thrifty” genotype rendered detrimental by “progress”? Am J Hum Genet 1962;14:353-62.
128. Knowler WC, Pettitt DJ, Bennett PH, et al. Diabetes mellitus in the Pima Indians: genetic and evolutionary considerations. Am J Phys An- thropol 1983;62:107-14.
129. Richards R, deCasseres M. The problem of obesity in developing countries: its prevalence and morbidity. In: Burland WL, Samuel PD, Yudkin J, eds. Obesity Symposium. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1974:74-84.
130. Stem MP, Gaskill SP, Allen CR Jr, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican Americans in Laredo, Texas. I. Prevalence of overweight and diabetes and distributions of serum lipids. Am J Epidemiol 1981;113:546-55.
131. Zimmet P, Faaiuso S, Ainuu J, et al. The prevalence of diabetes in the rural and urban Polynesian population of Western Samoa. Diabetes 1981;30:45-51.
132. Zimmet P, Canteloube D, Genelle B, et al. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in Melanesians and part-Polyne- sians in rural New Caledonia and Ouvea (Loyalty Islands). Diabetologia 1982;23:393-8.
133. King H, Zimmet P, Raper LR, et al. Risk factors for diabetes in three Pacific populations. Am J Epidemiol 1984;119:396-409.
134. Beckles GLA, Miller GJ, Alexis SD, et al. Obesity in women in an urban Trinidadian community: prevalence and associated characteristics. Int J Obes 1985;9:127-35.
135. Powdermaker H. An anthropological approach to the problem of obesity. Bull NY Acad Med 1960;36:286-95.